前文講述了通過 CSV Data Set Config 實現參數化配置（詳情敬請參閱：JMeter學習-010-JMeter 配置元件實例之 - CSV Data Set Config 參數化配置），在 JMeter 的配置元件中還有一個元件：用戶定義的變量，通過 用戶定義的變量，也可實現參數化的配置，通常用戶定義的變量一般作為全局變量使用。下面就以 用戶定義的變量 替換之前博文中的配置文件實現單一循環的參數化配置。
用戶定義的變量添加路徑：【 添加 / 配置元件 / 用戶定義的變量 】，其對應的配置頁面如下所示：
配置參數說明：
名稱：對用戶定義變量的簡述
注釋：對用戶定義變量的詳細概述
名稱：定義變量的引用名稱
值：變量的值
描述：對定義變量的描述信息
參數化腳本修改方法：
第一步：刪除原 配置元件/CSV Data Set Config 參數文件
第二步：通過 【 添加 / 配置元件 / 用戶定義的變量 】添加用戶定義的變量組件
第三步：配置用戶定義的變量
將之前 CSV Data Set Config 參數文件中配置的變量配置到添加的組件 用戶定義的變量中，配置好的用戶定義的變量如下所示：
第四步：執行腳本
腳本執行結果如下圖所示：
由上圖我們可以看到，實際腳本中配置了兩個用戶定義的變量組件（分別為不同的商品，且變量中的名稱均相同），從執行結果我們可以看出，當變量名稱相同時，腳本優先引用最近的可使用的變量。若在日后的腳本編寫調試過程中，發現變量的值不是期望的值，除了獲取變量獲取錯誤或配置錯誤之外，還存在一種可能就是就近變量覆蓋。
附錄（一）：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <jmeterTestPlan version="1.2" properties="2.7" jmeter="2.12 r1636949"> 3 <hashTree> 4 <TestPlan guiclass="TestPlanGui" testclass="TestPlan" testname="接口自動化測試實例 - 用戶定義的變量 參數化 實例" enabled="true"> 5 <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments"></stringProp> 6 <boolProp name="TestPlan.functional_mode">false</boolProp> 7 <boolProp name="TestPlan.serialize_threadgroups">false</boolProp> 8 <elementProp name="TestPlan.user_defined_variables" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用戶定義的變量" enabled="true"> 9 <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"/> 10 </elementProp> 11 <stringProp name="TestPlan.user_define_classpath"></stringProp> 12 </TestPlan> 13 <hashTree> 14 <ThreadGroup guiclass="ThreadGroupGui" testclass="ThreadGroup" testname="008-搜索商品" enabled="true"> 15 <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.on_sample_error">continue</stringProp> 16 <elementProp name="ThreadGroup.main_controller" elementType="LoopController" guiclass="LoopControlPanel" testclass="LoopController" testname="循環控制器" enabled="true"> 17 <boolProp name="LoopController.continue_forever">false</boolProp> 18 <stringProp name="LoopController.loops">1</stringProp> 19 </elementProp> 20 <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.num_threads">2</stringProp> 21 <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.ramp_time">0</stringProp> 22 <longProp name="ThreadGroup.start_time">1419232321000</longProp> 23 <longProp name="ThreadGroup.end_time">1419232321000</longProp> 24 <boolProp name="ThreadGroup.scheduler">false</boolProp> 25 <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.duration"></stringProp> 26 <stringProp name="ThreadGroup.delay"></stringProp> 27 </ThreadGroup> 28 <hashTree> 29 <Arguments guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用戶定義的變量 - 商品編號 101-006-78945" enabled="true"> 30 <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"> 31 <elementProp name="goodsNo" elementType="Argument"> 32 <stringProp name="Argument.name">goodsNo</stringProp> 33 <stringProp name="Argument.value">101-006-78945</stringProp> 34 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">商品編號</stringProp> 35 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 36 </elementProp> 37 <elementProp name="districtId" elementType="Argument"> 38 <stringProp name="Argument.name">districtId</stringProp> 39 <stringProp name="Argument.value">29313</stringProp> 40 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">配送區域</stringProp> 41 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 42 </elementProp> 43 <elementProp name="areacode" elementType="Argument"> 44 <stringProp name="Argument.name">areacode</stringProp> 45 <stringProp name="Argument.value">1</stringProp> 46 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">倉庫大區</stringProp> 47 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 48 </elementProp> 49 <elementProp name="sysNo" elementType="Argument"> 50 <stringProp name="Argument.name">sysNo</stringProp> 51 <stringProp name="Argument.value">2169256</stringProp> 52 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">商品系統編號，用於校驗搜索結果</stringProp> 53 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 54 </elementProp> 55 <elementProp name="skuid" elementType="Argument"> 56 <stringProp name="Argument.name">skuid</stringProp> 57 <stringProp name="Argument.value">489349159815</stringProp> 58 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">單品SKU，用戶校驗搜索結果</stringProp> 59 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 60 </elementProp> 61 <elementProp name="appSource" elementType="Argument"> 62 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appSource</stringProp> 63 <stringProp name="Argument.value">android</stringProp> 64 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">平台</stringProp> 65 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 66 </elementProp> 67 <elementProp name="appVersion" elementType="Argument"> 68 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appVersion</stringProp> 69 <stringProp name="Argument.value">45</stringProp> 70 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">版本</stringProp> 71 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 72 </elementProp> 73 </collectionProp> 74 <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments">,,,,,,</stringProp> 75 </Arguments> 76 <hashTree/> 77 <Arguments guiclass="ArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" testname="用戶定義的變量 - 商品編號 101-006-78945" enabled="true"> 78 <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"> 79 <elementProp name="goodsNo" elementType="Argument"> 80 <stringProp name="Argument.name">goodsNo</stringProp> 81 <stringProp name="Argument.value">101-005-31058</stringProp> 82 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">商品編號</stringProp> 83 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 84 </elementProp> 85 <elementProp name="districtId" elementType="Argument"> 86 <stringProp name="Argument.name">districtId</stringProp> 87 <stringProp name="Argument.value">29313</stringProp> 88 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">配送區域</stringProp> 89 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 90 </elementProp> 91 <elementProp name="areacode" elementType="Argument"> 92 <stringProp name="Argument.name">areacode</stringProp> 93 <stringProp name="Argument.value">1</stringProp> 94 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">倉庫大區</stringProp> 95 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 96 </elementProp> 97 <elementProp name="sysNo" elementType="Argument"> 98 <stringProp name="Argument.name">sysNo</stringProp> 99 <stringProp name="Argument.value">1903913</stringProp> 100 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">商品系統編號，用於校驗搜索結果</stringProp> 101 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 102 </elementProp> 103 <elementProp name="skuid" elementType="Argument"> 104 <stringProp name="Argument.name">skuid</stringProp> 105 <stringProp name="Argument.value">472108827742</stringProp> 106 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">單品SKU，用戶校驗搜索結果</stringProp> 107 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 108 </elementProp> 109 <elementProp name="appSource" elementType="Argument"> 110 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appSource</stringProp> 111 <stringProp name="Argument.value">android</stringProp> 112 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">平台</stringProp> 113 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 114 </elementProp> 115 <elementProp name="appVersion" elementType="Argument"> 116 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appVersion</stringProp> 117 <stringProp name="Argument.value">45</stringProp> 118 <stringProp name="Argument.desc">版本</stringProp> 119 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 120 </elementProp> 121 </collectionProp> 122 <stringProp name="TestPlan.comments">,,,,,,</stringProp> 123 </Arguments> 124 <hashTree/> 125 <HTTPSamplerProxy guiclass="HttpTestSampleGui" testclass="HTTPSamplerProxy" testname="008-01-搜索商品 【${goodsNo} | ${districtId}】" enabled="true"> 126 <elementProp name="HTTPsampler.Arguments" elementType="Arguments" guiclass="HTTPArgumentsPanel" testclass="Arguments" enabled="true"> 127 <collectionProp name="Arguments.arguments"> 128 <elementProp name="q" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 129 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 130 <stringProp 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</elementProp> 149 <elementProp name="dtype" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 150 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 151 <stringProp name="Argument.value">list|page|classes</stringProp> 152 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 153 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> 154 <stringProp name="Argument.name">dtype</stringProp> 155 </elementProp> 156 <elementProp name="districtId" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 157 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 158 <stringProp name="Argument.name">districtId</stringProp> 159 <stringProp name="Argument.value">${districtId}</stringProp> 160 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 161 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> 162 </elementProp> 163 <elementProp name="exAppTag" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 164 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 165 <stringProp name="Argument.name">exAppTag</stringProp> 166 <stringProp name="Argument.value">2045191607</stringProp> 167 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 168 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> 169 </elementProp> 170 <elementProp name="appSource" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 171 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 172 <stringProp name="Argument.value">${appSource}</stringProp> 173 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 174 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> 175 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appSource</stringProp> 176 </elementProp> 177 <elementProp name="appVersion" elementType="HTTPArgument"> 178 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.always_encode">false</boolProp> 179 <stringProp name="Argument.value">${appVersion}</stringProp> 180 <stringProp name="Argument.metadata">=</stringProp> 181 <boolProp name="HTTPArgument.use_equals">true</boolProp> 182 <stringProp name="Argument.name">appVersion</stringProp> 183 </elementProp> 184 </collectionProp> 185 </elementProp> 186 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.domain">mb.51buy.com</stringProp> 187 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.port"></stringProp> 188 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.connect_timeout"></stringProp> 189 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.response_timeout"></stringProp> 190 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.protocol">http</stringProp> 191 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.contentEncoding">GB2312</stringProp> 192 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.path">/json.php?mod=Search&act=page&p=1&pp=20</stringProp> 193 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.method">POST</stringProp> 194 <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.follow_redirects">true</boolProp> 195 <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.auto_redirects">false</boolProp> 196 <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.use_keepalive">true</boolProp> 197 <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.DO_MULTIPART_POST">false</boolProp> 198 <boolProp name="HTTPSampler.monitor">false</boolProp> 199 <stringProp name="HTTPSampler.embedded_url_re"></stringProp> 200 </HTTPSamplerProxy> 201 <hashTree> 202 <HeaderManager guiclass="HeaderPanel" testclass="HeaderManager" testname="HTTP信息頭管理器" enabled="true"> 203 <collectionProp name="HeaderManager.headers"> 204 <elementProp name="Charset" elementType="Header"> 205 <stringProp name="Header.name">Charset</stringProp> 206 <stringProp name="Header.value">UTF-8</stringProp> 207 </elementProp> 208 <elementProp name="Content-Type" elementType="Header"> 209 <stringProp name="Header.name">Content-Type</stringProp> 210 <stringProp name="Header.value">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</stringProp> 211 </elementProp> 212 <elementProp name="Accept-Encoding" elementType="Header"> 213 <stringProp name="Header.name">Accept-Encoding</stringProp> 214 <stringProp name="Header.value">gzip</stringProp> 215 </elementProp> 216 <elementProp name="User-Agent" elementType="Header"> 217 <stringProp name="Header.name">User-Agent</stringProp> 218 <stringProp name="Header.value">Dalvik/1.6.0 (Linux; U; Android 4.4.2; GT-I9502 Build/KOT49H)</stringProp> 219 </elementProp> 220 </collectionProp> 221 </HeaderManager> 222 <hashTree/> 223 <ResponseAssertion guiclass="AssertionGui" testclass="ResponseAssertion" testname="響應斷言" enabled="true"> 224 <collectionProp name="Asserion.test_strings"> 225 <stringProp name="-781931418">${sysNo}</stringProp> 226 <stringProp name="-794775524">${skuid}</stringProp> 227 </collectionProp> 228 <stringProp name="Assertion.test_field">Assertion.response_data</stringProp> 229 <boolProp name="Assertion.assume_success">false</boolProp> 230 <intProp name="Assertion.test_type">16</intProp> 231 </ResponseAssertion> 232 <hashTree/> 233 </hashTree> 234 </hashTree> 235 <ResultCollector guiclass="AssertionVisualizer" testclass="ResultCollector" testname="斷言結果" enabled="true"> 236 <boolProp name="ResultCollector.error_logging">false</boolProp> 237 <objProp> 238 <name>saveConfig</name> 239 <value class="SampleSaveConfiguration"> 240 <time>true</time> 241 <latency>true</latency> 242 <timestamp>true</timestamp> 243 <success>true</success> 244 <label>true</label> 245 <code>true</code> 246 <message>true</message> 247 <threadName>true</threadName> 248 <dataType>true</dataType> 249 <encoding>false</encoding> 250 <assertions>true</assertions> 251 <subresults>true</subresults> 252 <responseData>false</responseData> 253 <samplerData>false</samplerData> 254 <xml>false</xml> 255 <fieldNames>false</fieldNames> 256 <responseHeaders>false</responseHeaders> 257 <requestHeaders>false</requestHeaders> 258 <responseDataOnError>false</responseDataOnError> 259 <saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage>false</saveAssertionResultsFailureMessage> 260 <assertionsResultsToSave>0</assertionsResultsToSave> 261 <bytes>true</bytes> 262 <threadCounts>true</threadCounts> 263 </value> 264 </objProp> 265 <stringProp name="filename"></stringProp> 266 </ResultCollector> 267 <hashTree/> 268 <ResultCollector guiclass="ViewResultsFullVisualizer" testclass="ResultCollector" testname="察看結果樹" enabled="true"> 269 <boolProp 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<stringProp name="filename">${__property(JmeterAuto_LogFile)}</stringProp> 299 </ResultCollector> 300 <hashTree/> 301 </hashTree> 302 </hashTree> 303 </jmeterTestPlan>
至此， JMeter學習-014-JMeter 配置元件實例之 - 用戶定義的變量 參數化配置 順利完結，希望此文能夠給初學 JMeter 的您一份參考。
最后，非常感謝親的駐足，希望此文能對親有所幫助。熱烈歡迎親一起探討，共同進步。非常感謝！ ^_^