delphi 完全控制Excel 文件


 

( 一 ) 使用動態創建的方法


uses ComObj;

首先創建 Excel 對象
Var
  ExcelApp : Variant ;
  ExcelApp := CreateOleObject ( '' Excel.Application '' ) ;

得到 Excel 的行數和列數
ExcelApp.worksheets[1].usedrange.rows.count
ExcelApp.worksheets[1].usedrange.columns.count;

1 ) 顯示當前窗口:
ExcelApp.Visible := True ;

2 ) 更改 Excel 標題欄:
ExcelApp.Caption := '' 應用程序調用 Microsoft Excel '' ;

3 ) 添加新工作簿:
ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Add ;

4 ) 打開已存在的工作簿:
ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Open ( '' C : \Excel\Demo.xls '' ) ;

5 ) 設置第2個工作表為活動工作表:
ExcelApp.WorkSheets [ 2 ] .Activate ;

ExcelApp.WorksSheets [ '' Sheet2 '' ] .Activate ;

6 ) 給單元格賦值:
ExcelApp.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .Value := '' 第一行第四列 '' ;

7 ) 設置指定列的寬度(單位:字符個數),以第一列為例:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .ColumnsWidth := 5 ;

8 ) 設置指定行的高度(單位:磅)(1磅=0.035 厘米),以第二行為例:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .RowHeight := 1 / 0.035 ; // 1厘米

9 ) 在第8行之前插入分頁符:
ExcelApp.WorkSheets [ 1 ] .Rows [ 8 ] .PageBreak := 1 ;

10 ) 在第8列之前刪除分頁符:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 4 ] .PageBreak := 0 ;

11 ) 指定邊框線寬度:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' B3 : D4 '' ] .Borders [ 2 ] .Weight := 3 ;
1 - 左 2 - 右 3 - 頂 4 - 底 5 - 斜 ( \ ) 6 - 斜 ( / )

12 ) 清除第一行第四列單元格公式:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .ClearContents ;

13 ) 設置第一行字體屬性:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Name := '' 隸書 '' ;

ExcelApp.Cells[1,chishi ].Font.Size:=14; 
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Color := clBlue ;
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Bold := True ;
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.UnderLine := True ;

14 ) 進行頁面設置:

a.頁眉:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHeader := '' 報表演示 '' ;
b.頁腳:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterFooter := '' 第&P頁 '' ;
c.頁眉到頂端邊距2cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
d.頁腳到底端邊距3cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 3 / 0.035 ;
e.頂邊距2cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.TopMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
f.底邊距2cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.BottomMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
g.左邊距2cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.LeftMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
h.右邊距2cm:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
i.頁面水平居中:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHorizontally := 2 / 0.035 ;
j.頁面垂直居中:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterVertically := 2 / 0.035 ;
k.打印單元格網線:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintGridLines := True ;

15 ) 拷貝操作:

a.拷貝整個工作表:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Used.Range.Copy ;
b.拷貝指定區域:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' A1 : E2 '' ] .Copy ;
c.從A1位置開始粘貼:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range. [ '' A1 '' ] .PasteSpecial ;
d.從文件尾部開始粘貼:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range.PasteSpecial ;

16 ) 插入一行或一列:
a.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Insert ;
b.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Insert ;

17 ) 刪除一行或一列:
a.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Delete ;
b.ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Delete ;

18 ) 打印預覽工作表:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;

19 ) 打印輸出工作表:
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintOut ;

20 ) 工作表保存:
If Not ExcelApp.ActiveWorkBook.Saved Then
ExcelApplication1.DisplayAlerts:=False;//保存不提示
ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkbook.Save;//保存EXCEL
ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;//打印

21 ) 工作表另存為:
ExcelApp.SaveAs ( '' C : \Excel\Demo1.xls '' ) ;

22 ) 放棄存盤:
ExcelApp.ActiveWorkBook.Saved := True ;

23 ) 關閉工作簿:
ExcelApp.WorkBooks.Close ;

24 ) 退出 Excel:
ExcelApp.Quit ;

=========

25)單元格合並

ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range[ 'A4:A5 '].Select;
ExcelApp.Selection.Merge;

或着

ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.Range[ExcelApp.Cells[1,3],ExcelApp.Cells[1,5]].Select;
ExcelApp.Selection.Merge;

注意:

用 Sheet.range['D2:D6'].Merge(True); 表示跨越合並,作用合並區域中同一行的單元格,行與行之間不合並,也就是說:保持行的狀態,結果仍然是多行。
如果區域是一列多行,那這個操作自然沒有任何變化。

 

26) 保存EXCEL       

ExcelApp.ActiveSheet.SaveAs('F:\zjq\Demo22222222222.xls');

ExcelApp.Activeworkbook.Close;

ExcelApp.Quit;
ExcelApp := Unassigned; //但都是提示文件有問題,不過能正常打開。

 

27)單元格水平居中

ExcelApp.cells[1,4].HorizontalAlignment:=$FFFFEFF4;

 

28)查找功能

Cells.find('數學')

Cells.FindNext(After)

FindNext 方法
繼續執行用 Find 方法啟動的搜索。查找下一個匹配相同條件的單元格並返回代表單元格的 Range 對象。不影響選定區域或當前單元格。

 

===========

( 二 ) 使用Delphi 控件方法
在Form中分別放入ExcelApplication , ExcelWorkbook和ExcelWorksheet。

1 ) 打開Excel
ExcelApplication1.Connect ;

2 ) 顯示當前窗口:
ExcelApplication1.Visible [ 0 ] := True ;

3 ) 更改 Excel 標題欄:
ExcelApplication1.Caption := '' 應用程序調用 Microsoft Excel '' ;

4 ) 添加新工作簿:
ExcelWorkbook1.ConnectTo ( ExcelApplication1.Workbooks.Add ( EmptyParam , 0 ) ) ;

5 ) 添加新工作表:
Var
  Temp_Worksheet : _WorkSheet ;
Begin
  Temp_Worksheet := ExcelWorkbook1.
    WorkSheets.Add ( EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , 0 ) As _WorkSheet ;
  ExcelWorkSheet1.ConnectTo ( Temp_WorkSheet ) ;
End ;

6 ) 打開已存在的工作簿:
ExcelApplication1.Workbooks.Open ( c : \a.xls
  EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam ,
  EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam ,
  EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , EmptyParam , 0 )

7 ) 設置第2個工作表為活動工作表:
ExcelApplication1.WorkSheets [ 2 ] .Activate ;

ExcelApplication1.WorksSheets [ '' Sheet2 '' ] .Activate ;

8 ) 給單元格賦值:
ExcelApplication1.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .Value := '' 第一行第四列 '' ;

9 ) 設置指定列的寬度(單位:字符個數),以第一列為例:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .ColumnsWidth := 5 ;

10 ) 設置指定行的高度(單位:磅)(1磅=0.035 厘米),以第二行為例:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .RowHeight := 1 / 0.035 ; // 1厘米

11 ) 在第8行之前插入分頁符:
ExcelApplication1.WorkSheets [ 1 ] .Rows [ 8 ] .PageBreak := 1 ;

12 ) 在第8列之前刪除分頁符:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 4 ] .PageBreak := 0 ;

13 ) 指定邊框線寬度:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' B3 : D4 '' ] .Borders [ 2 ] .Weight := 3 ;
1 - 左 2 - 右 3 - 頂 4 - 底 5 - 斜 ( \ ) 6 - 斜 ( / )

14 ) 清除第一行第四列單元格公式:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Cells [ 1 , 4 ] .ClearContents ;

15 ) 設置第一行字體屬性:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Name := '' 隸書 '' ;
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Color := clBlue ;
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.Bold := True ;
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 1 ] .Font.UnderLine := True ;

16 ) 進行頁面設置:
a.頁眉:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHeader := '' 報表演示 '' ;
b.頁腳:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterFooter := '' 第&P頁 '' ;
c.頁眉到頂端邊距2cm:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
d.頁腳到底端邊距3cm:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 3 / 0.035 ;
e.頂邊距2cm:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.TopMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
f.底邊距2cm:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.BottomMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
g.左邊距2cm:
ExcelAppli

cation1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.LeftMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
h.右邊距2cm:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightMargin := 2 / 0.035 ;
i.頁面水平居中:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHorizontally := 2 / 0.035 ;
j.頁面垂直居中:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterVertically := 2 / 0.035 ;
k.打印單元格網線:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintGridLines := True ;

17 ) 拷貝操作:

a.拷貝整個工作表:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Used.Range.Copy ;

b.拷貝指定區域:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range [ '' A1 : E2 '' ] .Copy ;

c.從A1位置開始粘貼:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range. [ '' A1 '' ] .PasteSpecial ;

d.從文件尾部開始粘貼:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Range.PasteSpecial ;

18 ) 插入一行或一列:
a.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Insert ;
b.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Insert ;

19 ) 刪除一行或一列:
a.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Rows [ 2 ] .Delete ;
b.ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.Columns [ 1 ] .Delete ;

20 ) 打印預覽工作表:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;

21 ) 打印輸出工作表:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintOut ;

22 ) 工作表保存:
If Not ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkBook.Saved Then
  ExcelApplication1.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview ;

23 ) 工作表另存為:
ExcelApplication1.SaveAs ( '' C : \Excel\Demo1.xls '' ) ;

24 ) 放棄存盤:
ExcelApplication1.ActiveWorkBook.Saved := True ;

25 ) 關閉工作簿:
ExcelApplication1.WorkBooks.Close ;

26 ) 退出 Excel:
ExcelApplication1.Quit ;
ExcelApplication1.Disconnect ;

( 三 ) 使用Delphi 控制Excle二維圖
在Form中分別放入ExcelApplication , ExcelWorkbook和ExcelWorksheet
Var
  asheet1 , achart , range : variant ;

  1 )選擇當第一個工作薄第一個工作表
    asheet1 := ExcelApplication1.Workbooks [ 1 ] .Worksheets [ 1 ] ;

  2 )增加一個二維圖
    achart := asheet1.chartobjects.add ( 100 , 100 , 200 , 200 ) ;

  3 )選擇二維圖的形態
    achart.chart.charttype := 4 ;

  4 )給二維圖賦值
    series := achart.chart.seriescollection ;
  range := sheet1!r2c3 : r3c9 ;
  series.add ( range , true ) ;

  5 )加上二維圖的標題
    achart.Chart.HasTitle := True ;
  achart.Chart.ChartTitle.Characters.Text := ’ Excle二維圖’

  6 )改變二維圖的標題字體大小
    achart.Chart.ChartTitle.Font.size := 6 ;

  7 )給二維圖加下標說明
    achart.Chart.Axes ( xlCategory , xlPrimary ) .HasTitle := True ;
  achart.Chart.Axes ( xlCategory , xlPrimary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 下標說明 '' ;

  8 )給二維圖加左標說明
    achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlPrimary ) .HasTitle := True ;
  achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlPrimary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 左標說明 '' ;

  9 )給二維圖加右標說明
    achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlSecondary ) .HasTitle := True ;
  achart.Chart.Axes ( xlValue , xlSecondary ) .AxisTitle.Characters.Text := '' 右標說明 '' ;

  10 )改變二維圖的顯示區大小
    achart.Chart.PlotArea.Left := 5 ;
  achart.Chart.PlotArea.Width := 223 ;
  achart.Chart.PlotArea.Height := 108 ;

  11 )給二維圖坐標軸加上說明
    achart.chart.seriescollection [ 1 ] .NAME := '' 坐標軸說明 '' ;

 

==常用變量===================================================

需要聲明的常量:

const
  file://Excel用到的常量//
  xlHairline = $00000001;
  xlMedium = $FFFFEFD6;
  xlThick = $00000004;
  xlThin = $00000002;
const
  file://Excel用到的常量//
  xlContinuous = $00000001;
  xlDash = $FFFFEFED;
  xlDashDot = $00000004;
  xlDashDotDot = $00000005;
  xlDot = $FFFFEFEA;
  xlDouble = $FFFFEFE9;
  xlSlantDashDot = $0000000D;
  xlLineStyleNone = $FFFFEFD2;
const
  xlAll = $FFFFEFF8;
  xlAutomatic = $FFFFEFF7;
  xlBoth = $00000001;
  xlCenter = $FFFFEFF4;
  xlChecker = $00000009;
  xlCircle = $00000008;
  xlCorner = $00000002;
  xlCrissCross = $00000010;
  xlCross = $00000004;
  xlDiamond = $00000002;
  xlDistributed = $FFFFEFEB;
  xlDoubleAccounting = $00000005;
  xlFixedValue = $00000001;
  xlFormats = $FFFFEFE6;
  xlGray16 = $00000011;
  xlGray8 = $00000012;
  xlGrid = $0000000F;
  xlHigh = $FFFFEFE1;
  xlInside = $00000002;
  xlJustify = $FFFFEFDE;
  xlLightDown = $0000000D;
  xlLightHorizontal = $0000000B;
  xlLightUp = $0000000E;
  xlLightVertical = $0000000C;
  xlLow = $FFFFEFDA;
  xlManual = $FFFFEFD9;
  xlMinusValues = $00000003;
  xlModule = $FFFFEFD3;
  xlNextToAxis = $00000004;
  xlNone = $FFFFEFD2;
  xlNotes = $FFFFEFD0;
  xlOff = $FFFFEFCE;
  xlOn = $00000001;
  xlPercent = $00000002;
  xlPlus = $00000009;
  xlPlusValues = $00000002;
  xlSemiGray75 = $0000000A;
  xlShowLabel = $00000004;
  xlShowLabelAndPercent = $00000005;
  xlShowPercent = $00000003;
  xlShowValue = $00000002;
  xlSimple = $FFFFEFC6;
  xlSingle = $00000002;
  xlSingleAccounting = $00000004;
  xlSolid = $00000001;
  xlSquare = $00000001;
  xlStar = $00000005;
  xlStError = $00000004;
  xlToolbarButton = $00000002;
  xlTriangle = $00000003;
  xlGray25 = $FFFFEFE4;
  xlGray50 = $FFFFEFE3;
  xlGray75 = $FFFFEFE2;
  xlBottom = $FFFFEFF5;
  xlLeft = $FFFFEFDD;
  xlRight = $FFFFEFC8;
  xlTop = $FFFFEFC0;
  xl3DBar = $FFFFEFFD;
  xl3DSurface = $FFFFEFF9;
  xlBar = $00000002;
  xlColumn = $00000003;
  xlCombination = $FFFFEFF1;
  xlCustom = $FFFFEFEE;
  xlDefaultAutoFormat = $FFFFFFFF;
  xlMaximum = $00000002;
  xlMinimum = $00000004;
  xlOpaque = $00000003;
  xlTransparent = $00000002;
  xlBidi = $FFFFEC78;
  xlLatin = $FFFFEC77;
  xlContext = $FFFFEC76;
  xlLTR = $FFFFEC75;
  xlRTL = $FFFFEC74;
  xlFullScript = $00000001;
  xlPartialScript = $00000002;
  xlMixedScript = $00000003;
  xlMixedAuthorizedScript = $00000004;
  xlVisualCursor = $00000002;
  xlLogicalCursor = $00000001;
  xlSystem = $00000001;
  xlPartial = $00000003;
  xlHindiNumerals = $00000003;
  xlBidiCalendar = $00000003;
  xlGregorian = $00000002;
  xlComplete = $00000004;
  xlScale = $00000003;
  xlClosed = $00000003;
  xlColor1 = $00000007;
  xlColor2 = $00000008;
  xlColor3 = $00000009;
  xlConstants = $00000002;
  xlContents = $00000002;
  xlBelow = $00000001;
  xlCascade = $00000007;
  xlCenterAcrossSelection = $00000007;
  xlChart4 = $00000002;
  xlChartSeries = $00000011;
  xlChartShort = $00000006;
  xlChartTitles = $00000012;
  xlClassic1 = $00000001;
  xlClassic2 = $00000002;
  xlClassic3 = $00000003;
  xl3DEffects1 = $0000000D;
  xl3DEffects2 = $0000000E;
  xlAbove = $00000000;
  xlAccounting1 = $00000004;
  xlAccounting2 = $00000005;
  xlAccounting3 = $00000006;
  xlAccounting4 = $00000011;
  xlAdd = $00000002;
  xlDebugCodePane = $0000000D;
  xlDesktop = $00000009;
  xlDirect = $00000001;
  xlDivide = $00000005;
  xlDoubleClosed = $00000005;
  xlDoubleOpen = $00000004;
  xlDoubleQuote = $00000001;
  xlEntireChart = $00000014;
  xlExcelMenus = $00000001;
  xlExtended = $00000003;
  xlFill = $00000005;
  xlFirst = $00000000;
  xlFloating = $00000005;
  xlFormula = $00000005;
  xlGeneral = $00000001;
  xlGridline = $00000016;
  xlIcons = $00000001;
  xlImmediatePane = $0000000C;
  xlInteger = $00000002;
  xlLast = $00000001;
  xlLastCell = $0000000B;
  xlList1 = $0000000A;
  xlList2 = $0000000B;
  xlList3 = $0000000C;
  xlLocalFormat1 = $0000000F;
  xlLocalFormat2 = $00000010;
  xlLong = $00000003;
  xlLotusHelp = $00000002;
  xlMacrosheetCell = $00000007;
  xlMixed = $00000002;
  xlMultiply = $00000004;
  xlNarrow = $00000001;
  xlNoDocuments = $00000003;
  xlOpen = $00000002;
  xlOutside = $00000003;
  xlReference = $00000004;
  xlSemiautomatic = $00000002;
  xlShort = $00000001;
  xlSingleQuote = $00000002;
  xlStrict = $00000002;
  xlSubtract = $00000003;
  xlTextBox = $00000010;
  xlTiled = $00000001;
  xlTitleBar = $00000008;
  xlToolbar = $00000001;
  xlVisible = $0000000C;
  xlWatchPane = $0000000B;
  xlWide = $00000003;
  xlWorkbookTab = $00000006;
  xlWorksheet4 = $00000001;
  xlWorksheetCell = $00000003;
  xlWorksheetShort = $00000005;
  xlAllExceptBorders = $00000006;
  xlLeftToRight = $00000002;
  xlTopToBottom = $00000001;
  xlVeryHidden = $00000002;
  xlDrawingObject = $0000000E;
const

{ The list of VtFont styles }

{ FontStyleConstants }

  VtFontStyleBold = 1;
  VtFontStyleItalic = 2;
  VtFontStyleOutline = 4;

{ The list of VtFont effects }

{ FontEffectsConstants }

  VtFontEffectStrikeThrough = 256;
  VtFontEffectUnderline = 512;

 


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