摘要：
MongoDB 3.0 安全權限訪問控制，在添加用戶上面3.0版本和之前的版本有很大的區別，這里就說明下3.0的添加用戶的方法。
環境、測試：
在安裝MongoDB之后，先關閉auth認證，進入查看數據庫，只有一個local庫，admin庫是不存在的：
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test 2015-06-29T09:31:08.673-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbs; local 0.078GB
現在需要創建一個帳號，該賬號需要有grant權限，即：賬號管理的授權權限。注意一點，帳號是跟着庫走的，所以在指定庫里授權，必須也在指定庫里驗證(auth)。
> use admin switched to db admin > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "dba", ... pwd: "dba", ... roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "dba", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
上面加粗的就是執行的命令：
user：用戶名
pwd：密碼
roles：指定用戶的角色，可以用一個空數組給新用戶設定空角色；在roles字段,可以指定內置角色和用戶定義的角色。role里的角色可以選：
Built-In Roles（內置角色）： 1. 數據庫用戶角色：read、readWrite; 2. 數據庫管理角色：dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin； 3. 集群管理角色：clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager； 4. 備份恢復角色：backup、restore； 5. 所有數據庫角色：readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase 6. 超級用戶角色：root // 這里還有幾個角色間接或直接提供了系統超級用戶的訪問（dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase） 7. 內部角色：__system
具體角色：
Read：允許用戶讀取指定數據庫
readWrite：允許用戶讀寫指定數據庫
dbAdmin：允許用戶在指定數據庫中執行管理函數，如索引創建、刪除，查看統計或訪問system.profile
userAdmin：允許用戶向system.users集合寫入，可以找指定數據庫里創建、刪除和管理用戶
clusterAdmin：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有分片和復制集相關函數的管理權限。
readAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的讀權限
readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的讀寫權限
userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的userAdmin權限
dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的dbAdmin權限。
root：只在admin數據庫中可用。超級賬號，超級權限
剛建立了 userAdminAnyDatabase 角色，用來管理用戶，可以通過這個角色來創建、刪除用戶。驗證：需要開啟auth參數。
root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test > show dbs; ####沒有驗證，導致沒權限。 2015-06-29T10:02:16.634-0400 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }", "code" : 13 } at Error (<anonymous>) at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15) at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33) at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36) at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47 > use admin #驗證，因為在admin下面添加的帳號，所以要到admin下面驗證。 switched to db admin > db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > show dbs; admin 0.078GB local 0.078GB > use test #在test庫里創建帳號 switched to db test > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zjyr", ... pwd: "zjyr", ... roles: [ ... { role: "read", db: "test" } #只讀帳號 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zjyr", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zjy", ... pwd: "zjy", ... roles: [ ... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" } #讀寫帳號 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zjy", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", #讀寫賬號 "db" : "test" } ] } > show users; #查看當前庫下的用戶 { "_id" : "test.zjyr", "user" : "zjyr", "db" : "test", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjy", "user" : "zjy", "db" : "test", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" } ] }
上面創建了2個帳號，現在驗證下：驗證前提需要一個集合
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) #插入失敗，沒有權限，userAdminAnyDatabase 權限只是針對用戶管理的，對其他是沒有權限的。 WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('55915185d629831d887ce2cb'), a: 1.0, b: 2.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) > bye root@zhoujinyi:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test > use test switched to db test > db.auth('zjy','zjy') #用創建的readWrite帳號進行寫入 1 > db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":11,"b":22}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":111,"b":222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 } > db.auth('zjyr','zjyr') #切換到只有read權限的帳號 1 > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #不能寫入 WriteResult({ "writeError" : { "code" : 13, "errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId('559151ebb78649ebd8316856'), a: 1111.0, b: 2222.0 } ], ordered: true }" } }) > db.abc.find() #可以查看 { "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
有沒有一個超級權限？不僅可以授權，而且也可以對集合進行任意操作？答案是肯定的，只是不建議使用。那就是role角色設置成root。
> db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "zhoujinyi", ... pwd: "zhoujinyi", ... roles: [ ... { role: "root", db: "admin" } #超級root帳號 ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "zhoujinyi", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } > > show users; #查看當前庫下的用戶 { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } > use admin switched to db admin > db.auth('zhoujinyi','zhoujinyi') 1 > use test switched to db test > db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #權限都有 WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.abc.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5591539bb78649ebd8316857"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("559153a0b78649ebd8316858"), "a" : 1111, "b" : 2222 } > db.abc.remove({}) WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 2 })
因為帳號都是在當前需要授權的數據庫下授權的，那要是不在當前數據庫下會怎么樣？
> db admin > db.createUser( ... { ... user: "dxy", ... pwd: "dxy", ... roles: [ ... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" }, #在當前庫下創建其他庫的帳號，在admin庫下創建test、abc庫的帳號 ... { role: "readWrite", db: "abc" } ... ] ... } ... ) Successfully added user: { "user" : "dxy", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > > show users; { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.dxy", "user" : "dxy", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > use test switched to db test > db.auth('dxy','dxy') #在admin下創建的帳號，不能直接在其他庫驗證， Error: 18 Authentication failed. 0 > use admin switched to db admin #只能在帳號創建庫下認證，再去其他庫進行操作。 > db.auth('dxy','dxy') 1 > use test switched to db test > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > use abc switched to db abc > db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
上面更加進一步說明數據庫帳號是跟着數據庫來走的，哪里創建哪里認證。
創建了這么多帳號，怎么查看所有帳號？
> use admin switched to db admin > db.auth('dba','dba') 1 > db.system.users.find().pretty() { "_id" : "admin.dba", "user" : "dba", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "KfDUzCOIUo7WVjFr64ZOcQ==", "storedKey" : "t4sPsKG2dXnZztVYj5EgdUzT9sc=", "serverKey" : "2vCGiq9NIc1zKqeEL6VvO4rP26A=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjyr", "user" : "zjyr", "db" : "test", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "h1gOW3J7wzJuTqgmmQgJKQ==", "storedKey" : "7lkoANdxM2py0qiDBzFaZYPp1cM=", "serverKey" : "Qyu6IRNyaKLUvqJ2CAa/tQYY36c=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "test.zjy", "user" : "zjy", "db" : "test", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "afwaKuTYPWwbDBduQ4Hm7g==", "storedKey" : "ebb2LYLn4hiOVlZqgrAKBdStfn8=", "serverKey" : "LG2qWwuuV+FNMmr9lWs+Rb3DIhQ=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi", "user" : "zhoujinyi", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "pE2cSOYtBOYevk8tqrwbSQ==", "storedKey" : "TwMxdnlB5Eiaqg4tNh9ByNuUp9A=", "serverKey" : "Mofr9ohVlFfR6/md4LMRkOhXouc=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] } { "_id" : "admin.dxy", "user" : "dxy", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "XD6smcWX4tdg/ZJPoLxxRg==", "storedKey" : "F4uiayykHDp/r9krAKZjdr+gqjM=", "serverKey" : "Kf51IU9J3RIrB8CFn5Z5hEKMSkw=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "abc" } ] } > db.system.users.find().count() 5
備份還原使用那個角色的帳號？之前創建的帳號zjy:test庫讀寫權限；zjyr:test庫讀權限
root@zhoujinyi:~# mongodump --port=27020 -uzjyr -pzjyr --db=test -o backup #只要讀權限就可以備份 2015-06-29T11:20:04.864-0400 writing test.abc to backup/test/abc.bson 2015-06-29T11:20:04.865-0400 writing test.abc metadata to backup/test/abc.metadata.json 2015-06-29T11:20:04.866-0400 done dumping test.abc 2015-06-29T11:20:04.867-0400 writing test.system.indexes to backup/test/system.indexes.bson root@zhoujinyi:~# mongorestore --port=27020 -uzjy -pzjy --db=test backup/test/ #讀寫權限可以進行還原 2015-06-29T11:20:26.607-0400 building a list of collections to restore from backup/test/ dir 2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 reading metadata file from backup/test/abc.metadata.json 2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 restoring test.abc from file backup/test/abc.bson 2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 error: E11000 duplicate key error index: test.abc.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('559154efb78649ebd831685a') } 2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 restoring indexes for collection test.abc from metadata 2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 finished restoring test.abc 2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 done
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