SQL Server玩了有些年，最近想玩玩Oracle，於是想到裝一台Oracle server來玩玩。第一次在Linux下安裝Oracle，整個過程參考了一篇文章：http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong/article/details/45021171
環境：VMWare Workstatrion 8.0.3
操作系統：CentOS 7 x64
數據庫：Oracle 12c x64
1）安裝好Centos 7，這一步跳過
2）從Oracle官網下載12c的安裝包，也跳過
3）把軟件從本地上傳到VM的linux服務器上
這一步的做法是：把虛機的網絡連接方式設置成橋接>>在linux服務器上配置ip地址和本機處在同一個網絡>>把本地機器上的包含Oracle 12c安裝包的目錄共享出來>>確保可以在linux服務器上Ping通本地機器>>用mount命令把共享目錄掛載到linux服務器上>>解壓linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip，linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip這兩個zip包到linux服務器上
掛載：mount -t cifs -o username=Jerry,password=password,ip=192.168.1.100 //192.168.1.100/Oracle /mnt/oracle
解壓：unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle; unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle;
禁用一些服務，用腳本來做
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat servicestop.sh chkconfig iptables off chkconfig ip6tables off chkconfig cups off chkconfig firstboot off chkconfig wpa_supplicant off chkconfig postfix off sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
這一步本來應該要去參考Oracle官方安裝文檔准備好要事先安裝的安裝包，不過由於上面參考的文章中作者已經列出，這里我直接借鑒那份列表
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64) gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64) ksh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686) libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64) libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64) libXext-1.1 (x86_64) libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64) libX11-1.3 (x86_64) libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64) libxcb-1.5 (x86_64) libXi-1.3 (x86_64) make-3.81-19.el6 sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
這些rpm包估計都在iso鏡像中，要我去一個一個找我覺得太浪費時間，要是下次我要再裝一台豈不是要再找多一次。於是我有了一個想法，就是用一個文件存儲這份列表，然后寫個shell通過關鍵字在安裝盤上查找我們可能需要安裝的包，然后拷貝到某個文件夾下
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# vi cppkg
binutils
compat-libcap compat-libstdc gcc- gcc-c++ glibc- glibc-devel ksh libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi- make sysstat
保存離開
建立bash_loop_test來拷貝rpm包到本地目錄
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat bash_loop_test
#!/bin/bash
cat /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/cppkg | while read line
do
find /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ -name ${line}'*' -exec cp {} /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/ \;
echo $line
done
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# sh bash_loop_test
生成安裝包腳本
[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# echo /dev/null > rpm.sh; find . -name '*.rpm'|xargs -i echo 'rpm -ivh '{} >> rpm.sh ;
不過經過實踐發現其實這個方法也不好，因為很多dependency在，所以其實還是要手動去安裝這個包。不過至少自己知道去思考一些方法，算是練習練習shell吧
安裝調用圖形化需要的包，注意這里需要機器可以連接到Internet
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install unixODBC Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution
省略
Installed:
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com
省略
Installed:
unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost Packages]# yum install -y xterm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.163.com 省略 Installed: xterm.x86_64 0:295-3.el7 Dependency Installed: libXaw.x86_64 0:1.0.11-6.1.el7 Complete!
添加用戶和用戶組，建立主目錄
[root@localhost Packages]# groupadd oinstall
groupadd: group 'oinstall' already exists [root@localhost Packages]# groupadd dba groupadd: group 'dba' already exists [root@localhost Packages]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle useradd: user 'oracle' already exists [root@localhost Packages]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is based on a dictionary word Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost Packages]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba) [root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 [root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory [root@localhost Packages]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app [root@localhost Packages]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app [root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf [root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf [root@localhost Packages]# sysctl -p fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[jerry@localhost Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
把下面的內容添加到文件尾部
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
把下面的內容添加到文件尾部
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/profile
添加到文件尾部
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
切換到oracle用戶，修改.bash_profile文件
[root@localhost database]# su oracle [oracle@localhost ~]$vi .bash_profile [oracle@localhost ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs #PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin #export PATH ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 ORACLE_SID=jerrychen PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
然而似乎一切順利可以進入安裝階段時
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller ./runInstaller: line 83: [: /usr/oracle/Oracle: binary operator expected ./runInstaller: line 247: [: too many arguments ./runInstaller: line 251: /usr/oracle/Oracle: No such file or directory
一時搞不懂出了什么情況。Google了一下有了頭緒，原因是安裝目錄的名字叫Oracle \Installation。這個命名包含了\符號，就是這個原因導致了runInstaller安裝腳本報錯，我把目錄的名稱修改了一下，去除空格和特殊符號好就沒報這個錯誤了。但是，出現了另一個錯誤，Display變量相關
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 19938 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2045 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set. Failed <<<< Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before continuing with the installation, Continue? (y/n) [n] n
用[oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.120:0.0設置一下這個變量，然后開啟另一個終端來運行runInstaller
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 19938 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2045 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-06-21_10-44-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@localhost database]$
終於進入安裝階段了
有個包前面漏安裝了。查了一下安裝光盤沒有找到這個包。原來linux 7上沒有，要到linux 6上才有。但是我不可能跑去download一個linux 6的鏡像嘛。用yum來安裝咯。至於swap文件和oracle建議的2.8G差了800mb，我想這個不影響整個安裝過程，可以等安裝完再修改swap文件的大小。跳過（忽略）這項檢查。
[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-72.el7 base 191 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 191 k Installed size: 811 k Downloading packages: compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm | 191 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 Complete!
