項目搭建系列之一：使用Maven搭建SpringMVC項目

　　約定電腦都安裝了eclipse，且已配置好Maven以及eclipse插件。

　　1.Eclipse

　　2.maven

　　3.Eclipse 需要安裝maven插件。url:maven - http://download.eclipse.org/technology/m2e/releases 。

1、新建一個Maven Project

 2、選擇工作空間

 3、搭建Web工程，我們選擇maven-archetype-webapp類型

 4、填寫項目參數，如圖

 5、以上步驟完成時的工程結構目錄

 6、可以查看或修改發布目錄

 7、確保勾選上Dynamic Web Module和Java

 8、完成以上步驟，我們的工程就是一個Web項目了，接着我們賦予工程的springmvc特性，配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置兩處，一個是ContextLoaderListener，一個是DispatcherServlet。代碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    
    <!-- 配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置兩處，一個是ContextLoaderListener，一個是DispatcherServlet -->
    
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- 配置ContextLoaderListener表示，該工程要以spring的方式啟動。啟動時會默認在/WEB-INF目錄下查找applicationContext.xml
作為spring容器的配置文件，該文件里可以初始化一些bean -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
    <!-- 字符集過濾器 -->  
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <!-- spring mvc 配置 -->
    <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet表示，該工程將采用springmvc的方式。啟動時也會默認在/WEB-INF目錄下查找XXX-servlet.xml作為配置文件，
        XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，該文件中將配置兩項重要的mvc特性：HandlerMapping,負責為DispatcherServlet這個前端控制器的請求查找Controller；
        ViewResolver,負責為DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的視圖解析器。
        此處使用指定的配置文件spring-mvc.xml -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>-->
            <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>  
</web-app>

9、配置ContextLoaderListener表示，該工程要以spring的方式啟動。啟動時會默認在/WEB-INF目錄下查找 applicationContext.xml作為spring容器的配置文件，這里可以初始化一些bean，如DataSource等。代碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd">

    <!-- bean definitions here -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe" />
    
    <!-- 配置讀取外部配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
        p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}" />
    <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 此行語句使得resource autowired 等四個注解可以使用 -->
    
    <!-- 實例化jdbcTemplate,同時注入數據源 -->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
        p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />
    
    <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="txManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事務掃描開始(開啟@Tranctional) -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />

</beans>

 10、配置DispatcherServlet表示，該工程將采用springmvc的方式。啟動時也會默認在/WEB-INF目錄下查找XXX- servlet.xml作為配置文件，XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，該文件中將配置兩項重要的mvc特性：ViewResolver,負責為DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的視圖解析器。這里我們使用指定的xml配置文件spring-mvc.xml，代碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd    
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">

    <!-- 啟動事務添加配置 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe">  
        <!-- 排除掃描service標簽 -->
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/>   
    </context:component-scan>  
    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
        <!-- 注冊JASON轉換器 -->
        <property name="messageConverters">  
            <list>  
                <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>  
                <ref bean="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter"/>
            </list>  
        </property> 
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">  
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">  
            <list>  
                <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>  
                <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
    <bean id="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
            <list>
                <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"></bean>
 
    
    <!-- 當配置了<mvc:annotation-driven/>后，會自動加載org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter，所以如果顯示的配置則需去掉配置<mvc:annotation-driven/> -->
    <!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
</beans>

11、配置pom.xml文件，讓maven自動配置jar包，代碼如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>cn.jxufe</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC-Maven</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <name>SpringMVC-Maven Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- web jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jackson jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.11</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- commons jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
            <version>4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-chain</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-chain</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId>
            <version>3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-digester3</artifactId>
            <version>3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-net</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
            <version>3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- jstl jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日志相關 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 驗證碼kaptcha -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code</groupId>
            <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.31</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVC-Maven</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

12、完成以上步驟后，可以繼續配置jdbc.properties、log4j.properties等文件。至此SpringMVC項目搭建完成，工程結構如下圖：

13、今后博客中的代碼我都會托管到GibHub上，有需要的朋友可以查看。GitHub