Oracle簡單常用的數據泵導出導入(expdp/impdp)命令舉例(上)

《Oracle簡單常用的數據泵導出導入(expdp/impdp)命令舉例(上)》

《Oracle簡單常用的數據泵導出導入(expdp/impdp)命令舉例(下)》

目的：指導項目側自行進行簡單的數據泵遷移工作。

本文實驗環境：Oracle 11.2.0.4，利用數據庫自帶的scott示例用戶進行試驗測試。

1.首先需要創建Directory

2.使用expdp導出用戶數據

• 2.1 只導出scott用戶的元數據，且不包含統計信息；
• 2.2 只導出scott用戶的數據；
• 2.3 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表及數據；
• 2.4 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表結構；
• 2.5 導出scott用戶下所有的內容；
• 2.6 並行導出scott用戶下所有的內容；

3.查詢當前用戶用到的表空間

特別注意：如果后續要導入的數據庫版本低，所有導出命令就需要在后面加一個version=指定版本。
例如11g -> 10g，假設10g具體版本為10.2.0.1，那么就加一個版本的參數version=10.2.0.1。

1. 首先需要創建Directory

這里目錄名字定義為"jy"， 若是windows平台，對應系統目錄為"E:\jingyu";

create or replace directory jy as 'E:\jingyu';

若是Unix/Linux平台，對應系統目錄為"/tmp/jingyu".

create or replace directory jy as '/tmp/jingyu';

注意：目錄在系統上需要真實存在（mkdir -p /tmp/jingyu），且有訪問的權限。
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K May 22 16:48 jingyu

2. 使用expdp導出用戶數據

2.1 只導出scott用戶的元數據，且不包含統計信息；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:57:59 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log 
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_meta.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:13 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11

2.2 只導出scott用戶的數據；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:58:47 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_data.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:57 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07

2.3 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表及數據；

這里如果用scott用戶導出，需要注意scott用戶對於directory的權限問題：需要dba用戶賦予scott用戶read,write目錄的權限。 即：grant read, write on directory jy to scott;

SQL> grant read, write on directory jy to scott;

Grant succeeded.

expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log

$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:13:55 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:14:04 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:06

2.4 只導出scott用戶下的emp，dept表結構；

expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log

$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:14:51 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log 
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:15:01 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07

2.5 導出scott用戶下所有的內容；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:15:52 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_all.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:16:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11

2.6 並行導出scott用戶下所有的內容；

expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2

$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:55:13 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Password: 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.484 KB      12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_all01.dmp
  /tmp/jingyu/scott_all02.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:56:12 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:54

3. 查詢當前用戶用到的表空間

select tablespace_name from user_tables union
select tablespace_name from user_tab_partitions union
select tablespace_name from user_indexes union
select tablespace_name from user_ind_partitions;

Oracle簡單常用的數據泵導出導入(expdp/impdp)命令舉例(下)