由於目前很多apache+tomcat集群都是在apache2.2上配置的，Apache2.4的教程幾乎沒有，這里寫一篇記錄下來。
環境：apache2.4.12(Apache Haus編譯版本)、tomcat8.0.15、1.2.40版本的mod_jk.so、jdk-7u71、操作系統winxp
關於這幾個軟件的下載安裝，這里就不多說，注意apache2.4必須安裝在根目錄，mod_jk必須下載Apache對應的版本
軟件
筆者環境
三台xp虛擬機
1.Apache服務器，IP:192.168.116.132
2.tomcat服務器一，IP:192.168.116.133
3.tomcat服務器二，IP:192.168.116.134
一、Apache服務器配置
筆者將Apache安裝在了C盤根目錄下
1.將mod_jk.so復制到Apache的modules目錄(筆者為C:\Apache24\modules)
2.在Apache的conf目錄(筆者為C:\Apache24\conf)找到httpd.conf，在文件最后添加
include "C:\Apache24\conf\mod_jk.conf"
3.在Apache的conf目錄(筆者為C:\Apache24\conf)新建文件mod_jk.conf，添加如下內容
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel debug JkMount /*.jsp controller
這里強烈建議把JkLogLevel debug加上，否則出錯找不到原因
4.在Apache的conf目錄(筆者為C:\Apache24\conf)新建文件workers.properties，添加如下內容
#server worker.list = controller #========tomcat1======== worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=192.168.116.133 worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1 #========tomcat2======== worker.tomcat2.port=8009 worker.tomcat2.host=192.168.116.134 worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13 worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1 #========controller,負載均衡控制器======== worker.controller.type=lb worker.controller.retries=3 worker.controller.balance_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2 worker.controller.sticky_session=false worker.controller.sticky_session_force=false
二、tomcat服務器配置
打開tomcat的conf目錄下的server.xml，找到AJP/1.3連接器，端口與workers.properties的worker.[名稱].port設置成一致，默認是8009，在Engine里面添加jvmRoute，名稱與worker.后面的名稱一致，最后去掉<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>兩邊的注釋，兩個服務器配置文件大致一樣，僅jvmRoute設置不一樣。
tomcat服務器一：
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine>
tomcat服務器二：
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine>
編寫文件部署到tomcat，筆者也懶得寫，大家都抄來抄去的
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ page import="java.util.Enumeration"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Cluster App Test</title> </head> <body> Server Info: <% out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort() + "<br>"); %> <% out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId() + "<br>"); // 如果有新的 Session 屬性設置 String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName"); if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) { String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue"); session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue); } out.println("<b>Session 列表</b><br>"); System.out.println("============================"); Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames(); while (e.hasMoreElements()) { String name = (String) e.nextElement(); String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString(); out.println(name + " = " + value + "<br>"); System.out.println(name + " = " + value); } %> <form action="index.jsp" method="POST"> 名稱:<input type=text size=20 name="dataName"> <br> 值:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue"> <br> <input type=submit> </form> </body> </html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>testc</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <distributable/> </web-app>
需要注意的是web.xml里面的必須要加上<distributable/>，然后部署到兩個tomcat服務器中
三、啟動測試運行
先啟動apache服務器，然后啟動2個tomcat服務器
瀏覽器打開http://192.168.116.132/test/index.jsp
然而奇跡並沒有出現，而是出現了404頁面，提示文字為
Not Found
The requested URL /test/index.jsp was not found on this server.
接下來我們要看日志文件，看看問題出在哪里
找到jk的日志文件(C:\Apache24\logs\mod_jk.log)
直接看最后幾行
[Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] extension_fix_activation::jk_uri_worker_map.c (485): Checking extension for worker controller of type lb (5) [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] uri_worker_map_dump::jk_uri_worker_map.c (178): uri map dump after extension stripping: id=1, index=0 file='(null)' reject_unsafe=0 reload=60 modified=0 checked=0 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] uri_worker_map_dump::jk_uri_worker_map.c (184): generation 0: size=0 nosize=0 capacity=0 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] uri_worker_map_dump::jk_uri_worker_map.c (184): generation 1: size=1 nosize=0 capacity=4 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] uri_worker_map_dump::jk_uri_worker_map.c (197): NEXT (1) map #0: uri=/*.jsp worker=controller context=/*.jsp source=JkMount type=Wildchar len=6 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] uri_worker_map_switch::jk_uri_worker_map.c (600): Switching uri worker map from index 0 to index 1 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] jk_shm_open::jk_shm.c (168): Shared memory is already opened [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] jk_shm_attach::jk_shm.c (337): Attached shared memory memory [1] size=2560 free=0 addr=0x32bb30 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.718 2015] [2176:1048] [debug] jk_child_init::mod_jk.c (3266): Initialized mod_jk/1.2.40 [Sat May 16 20:12:38.750 2015] [2176:3584] [debug] jk_translate::mod_jk.c (3623): missing uri map for localhost:/test/index.jsp [Sat May 16 20:12:38.750 2015] [2176:3584] [debug] jk_map_to_storage::mod_jk.c (3791): missing uri map for localhost:/test/index.jsp
通過搜索關鍵字missing uri map for localhost:/找到一篇文章
http://blog.csdn.net/bluecy/article/details/5897103
具體意思是在<VirtualHost>標簽中添加JkMountCopy On，然而作者並沒有說是哪個文件......
筆者也上谷歌搜了，也是添加這個，但就是找不到
筆者最后還是找到了這個文件，文件在C:\Apache24\conf\extra的httpd-vhosts.conf，為什么大家都不說這個啊。。。。。。筆者很是郁悶
默認情況下已經配置了一個虛擬主機
<VirtualHost _default_:80> DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs" #ServerName www.example.com:80 </VirtualHost>
然后在中間添加JkMountCopy On就行了（如果有多個要配置多個）
<VirtualHost _default_:80> DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs" #ServerName www.example.com:80 JkMountCopy On </VirtualHost>
如果讀者用的2.2版本，應該不會遇到要配置虛擬主機參數的問題。
保存之后重啟apache服務器，然后在瀏覽器重新打開
http://192.168.116.132/test/index.jsp
F5刷新
可以看到sessionid並沒有發生變化
在名稱和值中分別輸入1、1、2、2、3、3、4、4，可以看到如下結果
上面的測試說明，session已經能夠共享，並且session里面存儲的變量也能夠在集群中復制。