函數釋義
Python中默認安裝的ftplib模塊定義了FTP類,其中函數有限,可用來實現簡單的ftp客戶端,用於上傳或下載文件,函數列舉如下
ftp登陸連接 from ftplib import FTP #加載ftp模塊 ftp=FTP() #設置變量 ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打開調試級別2,顯示詳細信息 ftp.connect("IP","port") #連接的ftp sever和端口 ftp.login("user","password") #連接的用戶名,密碼 print ftp.getwelcome() #打印出歡迎信息 ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx") #進入遠程目錄 bufsize=1024 #設置的緩沖區大小 filename="filename.txt" #需要下載的文件 file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以寫模式在本地打開文件 ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服務器上文件並寫入本地文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #關閉調試模式 ftp.quit() #退出ftp ftp相關命令操作 ftp.cwd(pathname) #設置FTP當前操作的路徑 ftp.dir() #顯示目錄下所有目錄信息 ftp.nlst() #獲取目錄下的文件 ftp.mkd(pathname) #新建遠程目錄 ftp.pwd() #返回當前所在位置 ftp.rmd(dirname) #刪除遠程目錄 ftp.delete(filename) #刪除遠程文件 ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#將fromname修改名稱為toname。 ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #上傳目標文件 ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #下載FTP文件
FTP.quit()與FTP.close()的區別
- FTP.quit():發送QUIT命令給服務器並關閉掉連接。這是一個比較“緩和”的關閉連接方式,但是如果服務器對QUIT命令返回錯誤時,會拋出異常。
- FTP.close():單方面的關閉掉連接,不應該用在已經關閉的連接之后,例如不應用在FTP.quit()之后。
例1:下載、上傳文件
#coding: utf-8 from ftplib import FTP import time import tarfile #!/usr/bin/python #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- from ftplib import FTP def ftpconnect(host, username, password): ftp = FTP() #ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打開調試級別2,顯示詳細信息 ftp.connect(host, 21) #連接 ftp.login(username, password) #登錄,如果匿名登錄則用空串代替即可 return ftp def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 #設置緩沖塊大小 fp = open(localpath,'wb') #以寫模式在本地打開文件 ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) #接收服務器上文件並寫入本地文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #關閉調試 fp.close() #關閉文件 def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'rb') ftp.storbinary('STOR '+ remotepath , fp, bufsize) #上傳文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) fp.close() if __name__ == "__main__": ftp = ftpconnect("******", "***", "***") downloadfile(ftp, "***", "***") uploadfile(ftp, "***", "***") ftp.quit()
例2:上傳、下載文件/目錄
#coding:utf-8 from ctypes import * import os import sys import ftplib class myFtp: ftp = ftplib.FTP() bIsDir = False path = "" def __init__(self, host, port='21'): #self.ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打開調試級別2,顯示詳細信息 #self.ftp.set_pasv(0) #0主動模式 1 #被動模式 self.ftp.connect( host, port ) def Login(self, user, passwd): self.ftp.login( user, passwd ) print self.ftp.welcome def DownLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile): file_handler = open( LocalFile, 'wb' ) self.ftp.retrbinary( "RETR %s" %( RemoteFile ), file_handler.write ) file_handler.close() return True def UpLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile): if os.path.isfile( LocalFile ) == False: return False file_handler = open(LocalFile, "rb") self.ftp.storbinary('STOR %s'%RemoteFile, file_handler, 4096) file_handler.close() return True def UpLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir): if os.path.isdir(LocalDir) == False: return False print "LocalDir:", LocalDir LocalNames = os.listdir(LocalDir) print "list:", LocalNames print RemoteDir self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir ) for Local in LocalNames: src = os.path.join( LocalDir, Local) if os.path.isdir( src ): self.UpLoadFileTree( src, Local ) else: self.UpLoadFile( src, Local ) self.ftp.cwd( ".." ) return def DownLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir): print "remoteDir:", RemoteDir if os.path.isdir( LocalDir ) == False: os.makedirs( LocalDir ) self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir ) RemoteNames = self.ftp.nlst() print "RemoteNames", RemoteNames print self.ftp.nlst("/del1") for file in RemoteNames: Local = os.path.join( LocalDir, file ) if self.isDir( file ): self.DownLoadFileTree( Local, file ) else: self.DownLoadFile( Local, file ) self.ftp.cwd( ".." ) return def show(self, list): result = list.lower().split( " " ) if self.path in result and "<dir>" in result: self.bIsDir = True def isDir(self, path): self.bIsDir = False self.path = path #this ues callback function ,that will change bIsDir value self.ftp.retrlines( 'LIST', self.show ) return self.bIsDir def close(self): self.ftp.quit() if __name__ == "__main__": ftp = myFtp('*****') ftp.Login('***','***') ftp.DownLoadFileTree('del', '/del1')#ok ftp.UpLoadFileTree('del', "/del1" ) ftp.close() print "ok!"
注:目錄內為文件,若為目錄則無法傳輸
例3:異常處理
#coding: utf-8 #from ftplib import FTP import ftplib import socket import os def ftpconnect(ftp_info): try: ftp = ftplib.FTP(ftp_info[0]) except (socket.error, socket.gaierror): print "ERROR: cannot reach %s" % ftp_info[0] return None username = ftp_info[1] passwd = ftp_info[2] try: ftp.login(username, passwd) except ftplib.error_perm: print "ERROR: cannot login anonymously" ftp.quit() return None return ftp if __name__ == "__main__": info_list = ["10.19.3.199", "fastupdate_amap", "@utonavi&A.map"] ftp = ftpconnect(info_list) if not ftp: exit(1) bufsize = 1024 fname = "20150416113942674.tar.gz" fp = open(os.path.join(".", fname), 'wb') remotefile = os.path.join("/ADF++", fname) ftp.retrbinary("RETR " + remotefile, fp.write, bufsize) #是否有目錄,沒有就創建;有的話看是否有權限創建 a = ftp.dir() try: ftp.cwd("jimi") except ftplib.error_perm: try: ftp.mkd("jimi") except ftplib.error_perm: print "WARNING: U have no authority to make dir" finally: ftp.quit()