curl命令
curl是linux系統命令行下用來簡單測試web訪問的工具。
curl -xip:port www.baidu.com -x可以指定ip和端口，省略寫hosts，方便實用
-I 只顯示狀態碼
-v 顯示詳細過程，可視化操作；
-u 指定用戶名和密碼
-O 下載網頁文件
-o 自定義下載文件名
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[root@localhost ~]
# curl -x61.135.157.156:80 www.qq.com -I
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
Server: squid
/3
.4.1
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2015 13:57:51 GMT
Content-Type: text
/html
; charset=GB2312
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Expires: Mon, 20 Apr 2015 13:58:51 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=60
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Cache: HIT from tianjin.qq.com
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HTTP 200 代表網頁正常。
curl -Iv www.qq.com -I可以把訪問的內容略掉，只顯示狀態碼，-v可以顯示詳細過程
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[root@yong ~]
# curl -Iv www.qq.com
* About to connect() to www.qq.com port 80 (
#0)
* Trying 180.96.86.192... connected
* Connected to www.qq.com (180.96.86.192) port 80 (
#0)
> HEAD / HTTP
/1
.1
> User-Agent: curl
/7
.19.7 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl
/7
.19.7 NSS
/3
.16.2.3 Basic ECC zlib
/1
.2.3 libidn
/1
.18 libssh2
/1
.4.2
> Host: www.qq.com
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
HTTP
/1
.1 200 OK
< Server: squid
/3
.4.1
Server: squid
/3
.4.1
< Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:38:47 GMT
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:38:47 GMT
< Content-Type: text
/html
; charset=GB2312
Content-Type: text
/html
; charset=GB2312
< Connection: keep-alive
Connection: keep-alive
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
Vary: Accept-Encoding
< Expires: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:39:47 GMT
Expires: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 01:39:47 GMT
< Cache-Control: max-age=60
Cache-Control: max-age=60
< Vary: Accept-Encoding
Vary: Accept-Encoding
< X-Cache: HIT from nanjing.qq.com
X-Cache: HIT from nanjing.qq.com
<
* Connection
#0 to host www.qq.com left intact
* Closing connection
#0
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curl -u user:password www.hao123.com -u可以指定用戶名和密碼
使用-O 下載web網頁；
示例，下載51cto博客網頁，下載下來的文件是HTML文檔；
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[root@yong ~]
# curl http://8802265.blog.51cto.com/8792265/1636847 -O
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 68527 0 68527 0 0 176k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 224k
[root@yong ~]
# file 1636847
1636847: ISO-8859 HTML document text, with very long lines
[root@yong ~]
# ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68527 Apr 24 09:38 1636847
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還可以使用 -o 自定義下載的名字
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[root@yong ~]
# curl http://8802265.blog.51cto.com/8792265/1636847 -o blog.html
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 68527 0 68527 0 0 87925 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 98k
[root@yong ~]
# ls -l blog.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68527 Apr 24 09:43 blog.html
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linux下網絡相關的幾個命令
ping 測試網絡是否通
格式：ping www.baidu.com -c 3 -c參數指定ping的次數
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[root@yong ~]
# ping www.baidu.com -c 3
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53
time
=32.6 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53
time
=28.5 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53
time
=29.2 ms
--- www.a.shifen.com
ping
statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss,
time
2034ms
rtt min
/avg/max/mdev
= 28.558
/30
.130
/32
.623
/1
.788 ms
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telnet 測試端口是否打開
安裝telnet命令：yum install -y telnet
示例，訪問百度的80端口可以連接，3389端口是關閉的；
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[root@yong ~]
# telnet www.qq.com 80
Trying 180.96.86.192...
Connected to www.qq.com
Escape character is
'^]'
.
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[root@yong ~]
# telnet www.qq.com 3389
Trying 180.96.86.192...
telnet: connect to address 180.96.86.192: Connection timed out
Trying 240e:e1:8100:28::2:16...
telnet: connect to address 240e:e1:8100:28::2:16: Network is unreachable
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traceroute 追蹤路由表
安裝traceroute命令： yum install -y traceroute
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[root@yong ~]
# traceroute www.qq.com
traceroute
to www.qq.com (180.96.86.192), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.20.1 (192.168.20.1) 1.397 ms * *
2 192.168.4.1 (192.168.4.1) 2.950 ms 2.415 ms 2.930 ms
3 113.116.76.1 (113.116.76.1) 5.948 ms 5.539 ms 5.138 ms
4 113.106.43.101 (113.106.43.101) 3.044 ms 3.567 ms 3.901 ms
5 219.133.30.238 (219.133.30.238) 3.454 ms 3.070 ms 2.654 ms
6 183.56.65.86 (183.56.65.86) 6.279 ms 5.681 ms 183.56.66.2 (183.56.66.2) 4.197 ms
7 202.97.48.109 (202.97.48.109) 26.995 ms 26.693 ms 27.072 ms
8 61.160.134.26 (61.160.134.26) 442.708 ms 442.285 ms 440.784 ms
9 202.102.69.206 (202.102.69.206) 24.608 ms 202.102.69.202 (202.102.69.202) 28.271 ms 202.102.73.14 (202.102.73.14) 30.530 ms
10 180.96.48.6 (180.96.48.6) 23.971 ms 180.96.51.102 (180.96.51.102) 27.870 ms 27.521 ms
11 180.96.35.182 (180.96.35.182) 25.203 ms 180.96.48.206 (180.96.48.206) 23.814 ms 180.96.35.182 (180.96.35.182) 25.058 ms
12 * * *
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dig，全稱Domain Information Groper 域名信息搜索器，用於詢問DNS的靈活的工具，顯示從受請求的域名服務器返回的答復。和windows里面的nslookup一樣的功能。
安裝dig命令：yum install -y bind-utils
使用方法： dig @域名服務器 www.baidu.com
[root@yong ~]# dig @114.114.114.114 www.qq.com
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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.2 <<>> @114.114.114.114 www.qq.com
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,
id
: 9644
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.qq.com.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.qq.com.181INA14.17.42.40
www.qq.com.181INA59.37.96.63
www.qq.com.181INA14.17.32.211
;; Query
time
: 46 msec
;; SERVER: 114.114.114.114
#53(114.114.114.114)
;; WHEN: Fri Apr 24 09:53:01 2015
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 76
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nc （netcat）功能強大的網絡工具，掃描端口；
安裝nc的命令：yum install -y nc
格式：nc -z -w2 -v www.baidu.com 1-1024
-w2 表示2s超時；port 可以只寫一個端口，也可以寫一個范圍。使用nc掃描端口時，必須要加 -z（將輸入輸出關閉）否則不顯示結果。-v 顯示詳細信息，會把不開放的端口也顯示出來；
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[root@yong ~]
# nc -z -w2 www.baidu.com 80
Connection to www.baidu.com 80 port [tcp
/http
] succeeded!
[root@yong ~]
# nc -z -v -w2 www.baidu.com 20-22
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 20 (tcp) timed out: Operation now
in
progress
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 20 (tcp) timed out: Operation now
in
progress
Connection to www.baidu.com 21 port [tcp
/ftp
] succeeded!
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now
in
progress
nc: connect to www.baidu.com port 22 (tcp) timed out: Operation now
in
progress
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