WCF服務寄宿IIS與Windows服務

本文轉載自查看原文 2015-04-07 00:35 3667 windows服務/ WCF

WCF是Windows平台下程序間通訊的應用程序框架。整合和 .net Remoting，WebService，Socket的機制，是用來開發windows平台上分布式開發的最佳選擇。wcf程序的運行需要一個宿主ServiceHost，我們可以選用控制台應用程序，也可以選擇IIS寄宿，還可以選擇windows 服務寄宿。相較與控制台程序，IIS,和Windows服務比較穩定。而且大家不會時不時的去重啟下IIS下的網站，或者windows服務。

在IIS下寄宿Wcf

我們新建一個類庫項目

在項目下添加一個ICalculator接口類，實現wcf 服務契約，操作契約接口

using System.ServiceModel;
namespace IISServices
{
    [ServiceContract(Name = "CalculatorService")]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]
        double Add(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        double Subtract(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        double Multiply(double x, double y);

        [OperationContract]
        double Divide(double x, double y);
    }
}

新建一個服務類CalculatorService，實現服務契約接口ICalculator

namespace IISServices
{
    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
        public double Add(double x, double y)
        {
            return x + y;
        }

        public double Subtract(double x, double y)
        {
            return x - y;
        }

        public double Multiply(double x, double y)
        {
            return x * y;
        }

        public double Divide(double x, double y)
        {
            return x / y;
        }
    }
}

添加一個文件，文件名為CalculatorService.svc就是我們用來尋找服務對外暴漏的入口。只需要添加一行代碼就可以。當我們訪問服務的時候IIS會尋找我們這個svc文件來找到我們提供的服務。

 <%@ServiceHost Service="IISServices.CalculatorService"%>

添加一個web.Config文件，添加system.serviceModel節點的配置信息。里面不需要配置我們訪問服務的地址，因為IIS下我們網站的地址就是我們訪問服務的地址。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="metadataBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <services>
      <service behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior" name="IISServices.CalculatorService">
        <endpoint  binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="IISServices.ICalculator" />
      </service>
    </services>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>

項目詳細如下，另外應用里面需要添加System.ServiceModel這個dll引用，wcf的大部分實現都在這個類庫里面：

我們在IIS下面新建一個網站，根目錄只需要添加web.Config,svc服務文件即可，bin下面放我們生成的IISServices.dll如下：

網站訪問端口我們配置為82，啟動網站。

在我們需要引用服務的類庫或exe上添加服務引用http://localhost:82/CalculatorService.svc，就可以找到我們需要的服務了。

在Windows服務下寄宿wcf服務

我們新建一個控制台應用程序Service。添加下面這三個類庫引用

System.ServiceModel.dll
System.ServiceProcess.dll
System.Configuration.Install.dll

將Programs.cs修改為Service.cs,添加代碼如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Configuration.Install;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    // Define a service contract.
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]
        double Add(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }

    // Implement the ICalculator service contract in a service class.
    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
        // Implement the ICalculator methods.
        public double Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 + n2;
            return result;
        }

        public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 - n2;
            return result;
        }

        public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 * n2;
            return result;
        }

        public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 / n2;
            return result;
        }
    }

    public class CalculatorWindowsService : ServiceBase
    {
        public ServiceHost serviceHost = null;
        public CalculatorWindowsService()
        {
            // Name the Windows Service
            ServiceName = "WCFWindowsServiceSample";
        }

        public static void Main()
        {
            ServiceBase.Run(new CalculatorWindowsService());
        }

        // Start the Windows service.
        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            if (serviceHost != null)
            {
                serviceHost.Close();
            }

            // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type and 
            // provide the base address.
            serviceHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService));

            // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners and start 
            // listening for messages.
            serviceHost.Open();
        }

        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            if (serviceHost != null)
            {
                serviceHost.Close();
                serviceHost = null;
            }
        }
    }

    // Provide the ProjectInstaller class which allows 
    // the service to be installed by the Installutil.exe tool
    [RunInstaller(true)]
    public class ProjectInstaller : Installer
    {
        private ServiceProcessInstaller process;
        private ServiceInstaller service;

        public ProjectInstaller()
        {
            process = new ServiceProcessInstaller();
            process.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem;
            service = new ServiceInstaller();
            service.ServiceName = "WCFWindowsServiceSample";
            Installers.Add(process);
            Installers.Add(service);
        }
    }
}

View Code

在App.Config里面添加配置節點ServiceModel如下：

 <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <!-- This section is optional with the new configuration model
           introduced in .NET Framework 4. -->
      <service name="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.CalculatorService"
               behaviorConfiguration="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service"/>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
        <!-- this endpoint is exposed at the base address provided by host: http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service  -->
        <endpoint address=""
                  binding="wsHttpBinding"
                  contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />
        <!-- the mex endpoint is exposed at http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service/mex -->
        <endpoint address="mex"
                  binding="mexHttpBinding"
                  contract="IMetadataExchange" />
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="CalculatorServiceBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>

View Code

生成文件，注意看程序的入口main函數ServiceBase.Run(new CalculatorWindowsService());在main函數里面程序調用了windows服務。我們這個項目本質上是一個windows服務。windows服務不可以直接運行，需要先安裝。我們使用管理員身份打開cmd.exe

進入我們的.net安裝目錄，我這個是安裝的4.0，所以進入C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319文件夾，找到該文件夾下面的InstallUtil.exe程序。在cmd里面輸入如下，回車