Debian Python升級+pip安裝——基礎環境配置

第一步：下載python2.7.9版本源碼：

wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz

解壓文件

#tar zxvf Python-2.7.9.tar.bz2

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software# cd Python-2.7.9/
root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# dir
config.guess  Doc         LICENSE          Objects        Python
config.sub    Grammar     Mac              Parser         README
configure     Include     Makefile.pre.in  PC             RISCOS
configure.ac  install-sh  Misc             PCbuild        setup.py
Demo          Lib         Modules          pyconfig.h.in  Tools

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# mkdir /usr/local/python2.7.9

 

編譯之前，需要先安裝zlib包：

從官網http://www.zlib.net/下載zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software# tar -xvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software# cd zlib-1.2.8

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software# ./configure && make && make install

 

進入Python-2.7.9目錄，開始安裝Python

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.9

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# make && make install

 

安裝成功！

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# python -V
Python 2.6.6

版本依然是2.6.6，現在開始升級python，

查看python命令所在目錄

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/bin/python /etc/python2.6 /etc/python /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.4 /usr/lib/python2.5 /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

 

將/usr/bin/python備份

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6.6

root@iZ25xo8uaamZ:/opt/software/Python-2.7.9# python
-bash: /usr/bin/python: No such file or directory

 

python命令找不到，這時只需要將版本python2.7.9命令加入環境變量即可！

方式1：

修改/etc/profile加入如下兩行：

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python2.7.9/bin
export PATH

然后

[root@localhost Python-2.7.9]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost Python-2.7.9]# python -V
Python 2.7.9

 

當然也可以創建2.7.9版本的python的軟連接：/usr/bin/python

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

 

亦可

ok，python升級完成

 

但運行python get-pip.py時，報錯，原因是 python沒有完全安裝好，缺少ssl模塊

修改 Modules/Setup文件：

# Socket module helper for socket(2)
_socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c

# Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other
# socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable:
#SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl _ssl.c \
        -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
        -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto

 

重新編譯

make && make install

 

又報錯：ssl錯誤，原因是openssl-devel未安裝

使用:

apt-get install openssl
apt-get install libdev-ssl

再次編譯，搞定

 

第二步、安裝pip  參見https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing.html

To install pip, securely download get-pip.py. [2]

Then run the following (which may require administrator access):

python get-pip.py

pip被默認安裝在：/usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/

 

 此時要注意pip版本的問題，之前的/usr/bin/pip可能是使用 apt-get install python-pip安裝上的，

將/usr/bin/pip 升級為/usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/pip2.7：

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/pip2.7  /usr/bin/pip

 Ok，至此 pip安裝環境構建成功！

 

第三步、安裝python Django運行必須包 [可選]

1、安裝MySQLdb

官網下載MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz，解壓安裝

# python setup.py install

 

2、安裝pillow

#pip install pillow

3、安裝uwsgi [可選]

#pip install uwsgi

建立軟鏈接：

# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi