今天閑來無事,把Oracle的樹狀查詢再看了一遍,以下是我的理解
Oracle的樹狀查詢語句很簡單SELECT 。。。START WITH condition CONNECT BY condition;
Oracle使用樹狀結構的目的是:
1.用二維表的形式記錄樹狀結構
2.查詢二維表來構造樹狀結構,一般都是根據一個對象向上查詢查出它所有的祖先,根據一個對象向下查詢查出它所有的子孫
樹狀結構的特點就是一個子只有一個父,一個父可以有多個子。那只要每一個對象知道了他的父對象,就可以手動的構造出樹狀結構。也就是說,有多少個對象在二維表中就需要多少行,每一個對象都有一個指出它的父對象是字段。
看圖中所示,二維表應該表示為
對象 父對象
以下是創建表的命令
SQL> create table tree_t (id char,p_id char); Table created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('A',NULl); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('B','A'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('C','A'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('D','A'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('E','B'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('F','B'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('G','C'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('H','D'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('I','F'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('J','H'); 1 row created. SQL> insert into tree_t values('K','H'); 1 row created. SQL> commit; Commit complete.
SQL> select * from tree_t;
那怎樣根據二維表中的記錄查詢一個對象的祖先和子孫呢,這就要用到SELECT 。。。START WITH condition CONNECT BY condition命令了
1.先要確定查詢哪個對象的祖先和子孫
這要用到START WITH condition,只要滿足條件的行,都可以做為查詢的對象,也就是說,在一個查詢中可以查詢多個對象的祖先和子孫
2.再確定對象的字段和父對象的字段,向上查詢還是向下查詢
CONNECT BY prior id = p_id 對象字段為id,父對象字段為p_id,向下查詢
CONNECT BY id = prior p_id 對象字段為id,父對象字段為p_id,向上查詢
下面是舉例
查詢ID = D的子孫
SQL> select * from tree_t start with id = 'D' connect by prior id = p_id;
查詢ID = D祖先
SQL> select * from tree_t start with id = 'D' connect by id = prior p_id;
查詢P_ID = B的行的對象的祖先,這就是查詢多個對象,因為P_ID = B的對象有兩個,E和F,查詢E和F的祖先
SQL> select * from tree_t start with p_id = 'B' connect by id = prior p_id;
本文轉自:http://blog.itpub.net/8745319/viewspace-569133