《C++設計新思維》勘誤,附C++14新解法


勘誤:

原書(中文版)3.13節,65-69頁中GenScatterHierarchy以及FieldHelper均存在問題,當TypeList中類型有重復時,無法通過編譯(原因在於“二義性基類”)。

書中出現的二義性問題,可以用一小段代碼演示一下:

class A{};
class B:public A{};
class C:public A,public B{};

void test()
{
    C c;
    A& cf =c;//wrong,don't try this at home.  
    B& cbf =c;//right
    A& caf = cbf;//right
}

由於C繼承了兩個A,一個直接繼承,一個間接繼承,所以將C轉換成A,存在兩條路徑,無法轉換。甚至我們永遠無法訪問C直接繼承的A!

繼承B的路徑是唯一的,所以可以通過B,再次轉換成為A。

《C++設計新思維》書中給出的代碼和類圖,向右側轉換是唯一的,但是向左側轉換時路徑不為一,所以TypeList一旦包含重復類型后,無法通過編譯。

這個問題已經解決了,具體解決方案請參看Loki源碼 Loki源碼

這里我簡要說一下,解決方法就是確保左端的直接父類是唯一的,這樣即可有一條唯一的路徑可以轉換到某一基類。

 

C++14 新法:

首先,給出typelist和操作typelist的兩個函數

template <typename... T> struct TypeList;

template <int I, typename Arg>
struct at;
template <int I, typename Head, typename... Tail>
struct at<I, TypeList<Head, Tail...>>
{
    typedef typename at<I - 1, TypeList<Tail...>>::type type;
};
template <class Head, typename... Tail>
struct at<0, TypeList<Head, Tail...>>
{
    typedef Head type;
};
template <int N, class Seq>
struct drop;
template <int N, class Head, class... Tail>
struct drop<N, TypeList<Head, Tail...>>
{
    typedef
    typename drop<N-1, TypeList<Tail...>>::type
    type;
};
template <class Head, class... Tail>
struct drop<0, TypeList<Head, Tail...>>
{
    typedef TypeList<Head, Tail...> type;
};

at獲取typelist中某個索引值的類型元素,而drop是去除首部的某幾個元素。

 

下面給出GenScatterHierarchy代碼,此處為了方便使用Genorator代之。

 

namespace Private
{
// The following type helps to overcome subtle flaw in the original
// implementation of GenScatterHierarchy.
// The flaw is revealed when the input type list of GenScatterHierarchy
// contains more then one element of the same type (e.g. LOKI_TYPELIST_2(int, int)).
// In this case GenScatterHierarchy will contain multiple bases of the same
// type and some of them will not be reachable (per 10.3).
// For example before the fix the first element of Tuple<LOKI_TYPELIST_2(int, int)>
// is not reachable in any way!
template<class, class>
struct UniqueTag;
}



template <typename Head,typename... Tails, template <typename> class Unit> class Genorater<TypeList<Head,Tails...>,Unit>
        :public Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<Head,TypeList<Head,Tails...>>,Unit>,public Genorater<TypeList<Tails...>,Unit> {};
template <typename Head,typename... Tails,template <typename> class Unit> class Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<Head,TypeList<Head,Tails...>>,Unit>:public Unit<Head> {};

UniqueTag,用於輔助構建唯一的類型轉換路徑。

下面給出FieldHelper源碼:

template <int I,typename... TList,template <typename> class Unit> Unit<typename at<I,TypeList<TList...>>::type>& FieldHelper(Genorater<TypeList<TList...>,Unit>& obj)
{
 
    Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<typename at<I,TypeList<TList...>>::type,typename drop<I,TypeList<TList...>>::type>,Unit>& leftBase = obj;
    return leftBase;
 
}
 
template <int I,typename... TList, template <typename> class Unit> Unit<typename at<I,TypeList<TList...>>::type>& Field(Genorater<TypeList<TList...>,Unit>& obj)
{
 
    //return FieldHelper(obj,Int2Type<I>());
    return FieldHelper<I>(obj);
}
 

 

最后是測試代碼:

typedef TypeList<double,int,double,string> myList;

typedef Genorater<myList,Holder> Info;

int main()
{
    cout << "Hello world!" << endl;
  
    Info obj;
    cout<<typeid(obj).name()<<endl;
    Field<1>(obj).value_=1;
    Field<2>(obj).value_=2;
    Field<3>(obj).value_="hao123";
    cout<< Field<1>(obj).value_<<endl;
    cout<< Field<2>(obj).value_<<endl;
    cout<< Field<3>(obj).value_<<endl;
 
 
    return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------華麗的分割線---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

此處給出一個仿寫Loki源碼的FieldHelper

namespace Private
{
template<class, class...>
struct UniqueTag;
}

template <typename Head,typename... Tails, template <typename> class Unit> class Genorater<TypeList<Head,Tails...>,Unit>
        :public Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<Head,Tails...>,Unit>,public Genorater<TypeList<Tails...>,Unit> {};
template <typename Head,typename... Tails,template <typename> class Unit> class Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<Head,Tails...>,Unit>:public Unit<Head> {};


template <typename Head,typename... TList,template <typename> class Unit> Unit<Head>& FieldHelper(Genorater<TypeList<Head,TList...>,Unit>& obj,Int2Type<0>){

              Genorater<Private::UniqueTag<Head,TList...>,Unit>& leftBase =  obj;
              return leftBase;
}
template <int I,typename Head,typename... TList, template <typename> class Unit> Unit<typename at<I,TypeList<Head,TList...>>::type>& FieldHelper(Genorater<TypeList<Head,TList...>,Unit>& obj,Int2Type<I>){

Genorater <TypeList<TList...>,Unit>& rightBase = obj;
return FieldHelper(rightBase,Int2Type<I-1>());
}

 

補充一些內容,其實C++11可利用變模板參數而剔除typelist。比如C++11標准的tuple的實現並沒有利用typelist技術。

tuple利用了多重繼承,實現方法和Genorator方式大同小異。C++11采用左端采用公有繼承,右端使用私有繼承。並采用int類型模板參數,作為轉換路徑唯一的標示。

具體見C++11 tuple.h中 相關源碼。

接下來我不使用typelist技術來實現單根繼承

class empty{};

template <template <typename,typename> class Unit,typename Head,typename... Tail> class GenorateLiner
:public Unit<Head,GenorateLiner<Unit,Tail...>>{
    
};

template <template <typename,typename> class Unit,typename Head> class GenorateLiner<Unit,Head>:Unit<Head,empty>{

};

 

謝謝,轉載請表明出處!本文僅對讀過《C++設計新思維》一書朋友有用,其他博友慎讀(不要對C++產生抵觸情緒)

 


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