【Spring實戰】—— 8 自動裝配


本篇介紹一下自動裝配的知識,Spring為了簡化配置文件的編寫。采用自動裝配方式,自動的裝載需要的bean。

  自動裝配 有以下幾種方式:

  1 byName 通過id的名字與屬性的名字進行判斷,要保證Bean實例中屬性名字與該裝配的id名字相同。

  2 byType 通過類型確定裝配的bean,但是當存在多個類型符合的bean時,會報錯。

  3 contructor 在構造注入時,使用該裝配方式,效果如同byType。

  4 autodetect 自動裝配,這個測試了,3.0.5版本不可用了,不知道是不是被移除了。

 

  下面簡單的看下,自動裝配的所需代碼:

public class Instrumentalist implements Performer{
    private String song;
    private int age;
    private Instrument instrument;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getSong() {
        return song;
    }
    public void setSong(String song) {
        this.song = song;
    }
    public Instrument getInstrument() {
        return instrument;
    }
    public void setInstrument(Instrument instrument) {
        this.instrument = instrument;
    }
    public Instrumentalist(){}
    public Instrumentalist(String song,int age,Instrument instrument){
        this.song = song;
        this.age = age;
        this.instrument = instrument;
    }
    public void perform() throws PerformanceException {
        System.out.println("Instrumentalist age:"+age);
        System.out.print("Playing "+song+":");
        instrument.play();
    }
}
View Code
public interface Instrument {
    public void play();
}
View Code
public class Saxophone implements Instrument {
    public Saxophone(){}
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("TOOT TOOT TOOT");
    }
}
View Code
public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws PerformanceException {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        
        Instrumentalist performer = (Instrumentalist)ctx.getBean("kenny");
        performer.perform();
        
    }
}
View Code

  采用byName方式的配置文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
    
    <bean id="instrument" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone"/>
    <bean id="kenny" class="com.spring.test.setter.Instrumentalist" autowire="byName">
         <property name="song" value="Jingle Bells" />
         <property name="age" value="25" />
     </bean>
</beans>

  采用byType的配置文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
    
    <bean id="test2" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone"/>
    <bean id="test1" class="com.spring.test.setter.Saxophone" primary="true"/> <!-- 默認是false -->
    <bean id="kenny" class="com.spring.test.setter.Instrumentalist" autowire="byType">
         <property name="song" value="Jingle Bells" />
         <property name="age" value="25" />
     </bean>
</beans>

  如果有多個類型匹配的bean,則可以采用 primary 來設置主要裝配的bean,默認情況下是false


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