在ASP.NET MVC中實現一種不同於平常的三級聯動、級聯方式, 可用於城市、車型選擇等多層級聯場景

本文轉載自查看原文 2014-12-18 09:42 2622 ASP.NET MVC

三級或多級聯動的場景經常會碰到，比如省、市、區，比如品牌、車系、車型，比如類別的多級聯動......我們首先想到的是用三個select來展示，這是最通常的做法。但在另外一些場景中，比如確定搜索條件的時候，對於三級聯動來說，可能選擇1個，2個，或3個條件，我想，以下的方式可能更適合：

以上，可以只選擇品牌，或同時選擇品牌、車系，或同時選擇品牌、車系、車型，最后把選擇的內容展示到input上，並以逗號隔開。

可以實現的功能包括：

○ 點擊最上面的input彈出div，此時只顯示品牌區域
○ 點擊最左邊拼音首字母，導航到對應的品牌上
○ 當把鼠標移動到某個品牌上，品牌為選中狀態，其對應的車系顯示在車系區域
○ 當鼠標不在任何品牌上，所有品牌都為不選中狀態
○ 當把鼠標移動到某個車系上，車系為選中狀態，其對應的車型顯示在車型區域，選中車系的所屬品牌也為選中狀態
○ 當鼠標不在任何車系上，所有車系、品牌都為不選中狀態
○ 當把鼠標移動到某個車型上，車型為選中狀態，選中車型的所屬車系為選中狀態，選中車系所屬品牌為選中狀態
○ 當鼠標不在任何車型上，所有車型、車系、品牌為不選中狀態
○ 點擊品牌，品牌顯示到input上
○ 點擊車系，品牌、車系顯示到input上，並以逗號隔開
○ 點擊車型，品牌、車系、車型顯示到input上，並以逗號隔開
○ 點擊div上的關閉按鈕或者頁面空白區域，div隱藏

界面的構成如下：

○ 最上面的是一個input
○ 品牌、車系、車型被包裹在一個div中，點擊關閉按鈕或點擊空白處關閉的就是這個div
○ 品牌區域是一個div，分為首字母導航div和品牌顯示div
○ 車系區域是一個div
○ 車型區域是一個div
○ 品牌、車系、車型內的內容是一些dl, dt, dd的html元素
○ 樣式的事情交給css

實現的思路大致這樣：

○ 給input點擊事件，點擊彈出品牌、車系、車型顯示的div，並綁定頁面空白區域的點擊事件
○ 導航首字母指向錨點，品牌按首字母分類並提供錨點id
○ 在控制器中把品牌按照首字母分類，以json格式返回到前端，填充到tmpl模版，再追加到頁面品牌區域
○ 給品牌添加鼠標移上事件，品牌為選中狀態，對應的車系顯示在車系區域
○ 給品牌添加鼠標移去事件
○ 給品牌添加點擊事件，把點擊品牌顯示到input上
○ 給車系添加鼠標移上事件，當前車系為選中狀態，其對應的車型顯示在車型區域，其所屬的品牌為選中狀態
○ 給車系添加鼠標移去事件
○ 給車系添加點擊事件，把點擊車系和所屬品牌顯示到input上，以逗號隔開
○ 給車型添加鼠標移上事件，當前車型為選擇狀態，其所屬父類車系為選中狀態，車型所屬父類品牌也為選中狀態
○ 給車型添加點擊事件，把點擊車型和所屬車系、品牌顯示到input上，以逗號隔開
○ 給關閉按鈕添加點擊事件，關閉div，並解除頁面空白區域點擊事件的綁定

領域先行，首先是有關品牌、車系、車型的模型：

    public class CarCategory
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int PId { get; set; }
        public string FirstLetter { get; set; }
        public string AnchorName { get; set; }
        public int Level { get; set; }
    }

○ PId屬性用來表示父類Id,車系的父類Id為某個品牌Id,車型的父類Id為某個車系Id
○ FirstLetter屬性用來表示首字母，作為分組的條件
○ AnchorName屬性用來表示品牌的錨點id，車系和車型此項為空

在ASP.NET MVC4中，在Shared/Layout.cshtml中，該有的css,js都必須有：

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    @Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
    @RenderSection("styles", required: false)
    <link href="~/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
    <script src="~/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    @RenderBody()
    
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>

模擬一個數據庫，該數據庫類可以獲取到所有的品牌、車系、車型，以及根據品牌Id或車系Id獲取對應的車系和車型。

   public class Database
    {
        public static IEnumerable<CarCategory> GetCarCategories()
        {
            return new List<CarCategory>()
            {
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 0, Name = "奧迪",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "aa", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 1, Name = "奧斯頓·馬丁",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "aa", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 2, Name = "寶駿",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 3, Name = "巴博斯",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 4, Name = "北汽威旺",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 5, Name = "北汽制造",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 6, Name = "奔馳",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 7, Name = "別克",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 8, Name = "賓利",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 9, Name = "保時捷",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 10, Name = "比亞迪",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 11, Name = "奔騰",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 12, Name = "標致",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 13, Name = "本田",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 14, Name = "寶馬",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 15, Name = "北京汽車",FirstLetter = "B",AnchorName = "bb", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 16, Name = "昌河",FirstLetter = "C",AnchorName = "cc", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 17, Name = "長安",FirstLetter = "C",AnchorName = "cc", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 18, Name = "長城",FirstLetter = "C",AnchorName = "cc", Level = 1, PId = -1},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 19, Name = "奧迪A4",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 2, PId = 0},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 20, Name = "奧迪A6L",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 2, PId = 0},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 21, Name = "奧迪Q3",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 2, PId = 0},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 22, Name = "奧迪A4舒適版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 19},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 23, Name = "奧迪A4尊貴版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 19},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 24, Name = "奧迪A6L舒適版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 20},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 25, Name = "奧迪A6L黃金版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 20},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 26, Name = "奧迪Q3舒適版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 21},
                 new CarCategory(){Id = 27, Name = "奧迪Q3至尊版",FirstLetter = "A",AnchorName = "", Level = 3, PId = 21},
            };
        }
        //根據品牌或車系I獲取所有車系或車型
        public static IEnumerable<CarCategory> GetCarCategoriesByPId(int pid)
        {
            return GetCarCategories().Where(c => c.PId == pid);
        }
    }

在HomeController中，在前端頁面加載的時候，這里提供一個分組好的所有品牌的json格式給前端；當前端把鼠標移動到某個品牌上，這里根據品牌Id返回車系的json格式給前端；當前端把鼠標移動到某個車系上，這里根據車系Id返回車型的json格式給前端。

   public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        //獲取所有品牌
        public ActionResult GetPinPai()
        {
            var allPinPai = Database.GetCarCategories().Where(c => c.Level == 1).OrderBy(c => c.Id);
            var result = from p in allPinPai
                group p by new
                {
                    p.FirstLetter,
                    p.AnchorName
                }
                into g
                select new {firstletter = g.Key.FirstLetter, anchor = g.Key.AnchorName, pinpais = g};
            return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
        }
        //根據品牌Id獲取車系
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult GetCheXiByPId(int pid) 
        {
            var allCheXi = Database.GetCarCategoriesByPId(pid).OrderBy(c => c.Id);
            var result = from c in allCheXi
                select new {chexi = c.Name, cxid = c.Id, parentId = c.PId};
            return Json(result);
        }
        //根據車系Id獲取車型
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult GetCheXingByCxId(int cxid) 
        {
            var allCheXing = Database.GetCarCategoriesByPId(cxid).OrderBy(c => c.Id);
            var result = from c in allCheXing
                         select new { chexing = c.Name, chexingid = c.Id, parentId = c.PId };
            return Json(result);
        }
    }

在Home/Index.cshtml視圖中，品牌、車系、車型內容都是先填充到tmpl模版中，然后追加到頁面某個區域上的。

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section styles
{
    <link href="~/Content/CarSelect.css" rel="stylesheet" />
}
<div class="input-group">
   <input type="text" id="mychoice" class="form-control">
   <span class="input-group-btn">
        <button class="btn btn-default" type="button">∨</button>
   </span>
</div>
<div id="carcategory-picker-outer">
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="cancel"></a>
    <div id="carcategory-picker-inner">
        <div id="pinpai" class="carcategory-list">
            <h6>請選擇品牌</h6>
            <div id="PreLetter">
                <a href="#aa">A</a>
                <a href="#bb">B</a>
                <a href="#cc">C</a>
                <a href="#dd">D</a>
                <a href="#ff">F</a>
                <a href="#gg">G</a>
                <a href="#hh">H</a>
                <a href="#jj">J</a>
                <a href="#kk">K</a>
                <a href="#ll">L</a>
                <a href="#mm">M</a>
                <a href="#nn">N</a>
                <a href="#oo">O</a>
                <a href="#qq">Q</a>
                <a href="#rr">R</a>
                <a href="#ss">S</a>
                <a href="#ww">W</a>
                <a href="#xx">X</a>
                <a href="#yy">Y</a>
                <a href="#zz">Z</a>
            </div>
            <div id="AllPinPai">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="chexi" class="carcategory-list">
            <h6>請選擇車系</h6>
            <div id="AllCheXi">
           
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="chexin" class="carcategory-list">
            <h6>請選擇車型</h6>
            <div id="AllCheXing">
               
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@section scripts
{
    <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.tmpl.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function() {
            //加載所有品牌
            $.getJSON('@Url.Action("GetPinPai", "Home")', function(data) {
                $('#pinpaiTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#AllPinPai');
            });
            //點擊input彈出品牌車系車型選擇
            $('#mychoice').on("click", function() {
                $('#carcategory-picker-outer').css('display', 'block');
                $("body").bind("mousedown", onBodyDown);//綁定鼠標單擊事件
            });
            //點擊關閉按鈕隱藏品牌車系車型選擇
            $('.cancel').on("click", function() {
                hideMenu();
            });
            //給所有品牌加上鼠標移動上事件
            $('#AllPinPai').on("mouseover", ".ppm", function() {
                $(this).addClass('selected');
                $('#chexi').css("display", "block");
                $.post('@Url.Action("GetCheXiByPId","Home")', { 'pid': $(this).attr('pid') }, function (data) {
                    $('#AllCheXi').empty();
                    $('#AllCheXing').empty();
                    $('#chexiTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#AllCheXi');
                });
            });
            //給所有品牌加上鼠標移去事件
            $('#AllPinPai').on("mouseout", ".ppm", function () {
                $(this).removeClass('selected');
            });
            //品牌點擊事件
            $('#AllPinPai').on("click", ".ppm", function () {
                $('#mychoice').val('');
                $('#mychoice').val($(this).text());
                hideMenu();
            });
            //給車系加上鼠標移動上事件
            $('#AllCheXi').on("mouseover", ".cxm", function () {
                //取取當前車系的父類Id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                //把品牌中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").addClass('selected');
                $(this).addClass('selected');
                $('#chexin').css("display", "block");
                $.post('@Url.Action("GetCheXingByCxId","Home")', { 'cxid': $(this).attr('pid') }, function (data) {
                    $('#AllCheXing').empty();
                    $('#chexingTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#AllCheXing');
                });
            });
            //給車系加上鼠標移去事件
            $('#AllCheXi').on("mouseout", ".cxm", function () {
                $(this).removeClass('selected');
                //取取當前車系的父類Id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                //把品牌中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").removeClass('selected');
            });
            //車系點擊事件
            $('#AllCheXi').on("click", ".cxm", function () {
                $('#mychoice').val('');
                //取取當前車系的父類Id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                $('#mychoice').val($('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").text() + "," + $(this).text());
                hideMenu();
            });
            //給車型加上鼠標移上事件
            $('#AllCheXing').on("mouseover", ".cxim", function () {
                //取出車型的父類id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                //把車系中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").addClass('selected');
                //取出車系的父類id
                var parentparentId = $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").attr('parentid');
                //把品牌中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentparentId + "']").addClass('selected');
            });
            //給車型加上鼠標移去事件
            $('#AllCheXing').on("mouseout", ".cxim", function () {
                //取出車型的父類id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                //把車系中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").removeClass('selected');
                //取出車系的父類id
                var parentparentId = $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").attr('parentid');
                //把品牌中該父類添加selected這個類
                $('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentparentId + "']").removeClass('selected');
            });
            //車型點擊事件
            $('#AllCheXing').on("click", ".cxim", function () {
                $('#mychoice').val('');
                //取出車型的父類id
                var parentId = $(this).attr('parentid');
                //取出車系的父類id
                var parentparentId = $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").attr('parentid');
                $('#mychoice').val($('#AllPinPai').find("a[pid='" + parentparentId + "']").text() + "," + $('#AllCheXi').find("a[pid='" + parentId + "']").text() + "," + $(this).text());
                hideMenu();
            });
        });
        //隱藏樹並解除綁定
        function hideMenu() {
            $("#carcategory-picker-outer").fadeOut("fast");
            $("body").unbind("mousedown", onBodyDown);
        }
        //鼠標單擊空白處事件
        function onBodyDown(event) {
            if (!(event.target.id == "mychoice" || event.target.id == "carcategory-picker-outer" || $(event.target).parents("#carcategory-picker-outer").length > 0)) {
                hideMenu();
            }
        }
    </script>
    
    <script id="pinpaiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <dl>
            <dt id="${anchor}">${firstletter}</dt>
            
            {{if pinpais}}
            {{each pinpais}}<dd><a class="ppm" pid="${$value.Id}">${$value.Name}</a></dd>{{/each}}
            {{else}}
            <dd>沒有此品牌</dd>
            {{/if}}
        </dl>
    </script>
    
    <script id="chexiTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <dl>
            <dd><a class="cxm" pid="${cxid}" parentid="${parentId}">${chexi}</a></dd>
        </dl>  
    </script>
    
    <script id="chexingTemplate" type="text/x-jQuery-tmpl">
        <dl>
            <dd><a class="cxim" pid="${chexingid}" parentid="${parentId}">${chexing}</a></dd>
       </dl>  
    </script>
}

css部分如下，關閉按鈕可自找。

展開#carcategory-picker-outer {
    background: #f9f9f9;
    padding: 10px;
    width: 640px;
    height: 380px;
    position: relative;
    display: none;
}

#PreLetter {
    border: 0px solid blue;
    width: 21px;
    float: left;
}

#PreLetter a:link{
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    clear: both;
    font-size: 10px;
    text-align: center;
    padding-top: 0px;
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    background-color: #e9e9e9;
    margin-top: 2px;
    font-weight: bold;
}

#PreLetter a:hover {
    border: 1px solid blue;
}

#PreLetter a:visited {
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
}

#pinpai {
    border: 0px solid green;
    float: left;
}

#AllPinPai {
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
    margin-left: 5px;
    float: left;
    padding-bottom: 0px;
    width: 120px;
    height: 340px;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

#AllPinPai dl dd a {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    padding-left: 10px;
}

#AllPinPai dl dd {
    padding-left: 0px;
}

#AllPinPai dl dd a:hover {
    /*background-color: gray;*/
    color: white;
}

#AllPinPai dl {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

#chexi {
    border: 0px solid orange;
    float: left;
    margin-left: 10px;
    display: none;
}

#AllCheXi {
    width: 150px;
    height: 340px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
}

#AllCheXi dl dd a {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    padding-left: 10px;
}

#AllCheXi dl dd {
    padding-left: 0px;
}

#AllCheXi dl dd a:hover {
    color: white;
}

#AllCheXi dl {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

#chexin {
    border: 0px solid red;
    float: left;
    margin-left: 10px;
    display: none;
}

#AllCheXing {
    width: 300px;
    height: 340px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
    
}

#AllCheXing dl dd a {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    padding-left: 10px;
}

#AllCheXing dl dd {
    padding-left: 0px;
}

#AllCheXing dl dd a:hover {
    background-color: gray;
    color: white;
}

#AllCheXing dl {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}


dt {
    background-color: #e9e9e9;
    padding-left: 10px;
}

dl {
    border: 0px solid red;
}

dd {
    padding-left: 10px;
    line-height: 15px;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 0px;
    border: 0px solid blue;
    /*background-color: gray;*/
}

.selected {
    background-color: gray;
    color: white;
}

.cancel {
    width: 20px;
    height: 17px;
    position: absolute;
    display: block;
    top: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    background-image: url("../img/close.png");
    border: 1px solid orangered;
    background-color: orangered;
}

.input-group {
    width: 640px;
}

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