(轉)cygwin包管理器apt-cyg

通過終端安裝apt-cyg之前選要安裝以下軟件包

wget
tar
gawk
bzip2

Cygwin終端安裝

wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg -P /bin
chmod.exe +x /bin/apt-cyg

去googlecode手工下載安裝

svn --force export http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ /bin/   
chmod +x /bin/apt-cyg

去github手工下載安裝

https://codeload.github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/zip/master
解壓到用戶目錄
mv apt-cyg /bin/
chmod +x /bin/apt-cyg

 

 

apt-cyg使用

apt-cyg install : to install packages
apt-cyg remove : to remove packages
apt-cyg update: to update setup.ini
apt-cyg show: to show installed packages
apt-cyg packageof : to locate parent packages
apt-cyg find : to find packages matching patterns
*apt-cyg describe : to describe packages matching patterns</PATTERN(S)></PATTERN(S)>

---

apt-cyg配置

*配置安裝源
apt-cyg -m http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin/

export LANG="zh_CN.GBK"

alias ls="ls --color=auto" 
alias dir="ls --color=auto"

export PS1="\[\e]0;\w\a\]\[\e[32m\]\u@\h:\[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\$ "

alias ..="cd .."

alias ...="cd ..."

 


$ apt-cyg install wget 
You must install wget, tar, gawk, xz and bzip2 to use apt-cyg.

目錄

• Cygwin使用
• 常用軟件安裝
  • 安裝apt-cyg
  • 安裝常用工具
  • 安裝python環境
• 常用工具設置
  • Cygwin終端
  • bashrc
  • screen設置
  • ~/.vimrc
  • ~/.ssh/config
• 其他設置
  • SSH Server
  • crontab
  • nontsec
• 中文亂碼設置
• 技巧收集

Cygwin使用

(轉自)http://w.gdu.me/wiki/cygwin/index.html

Update: 2013-01-04

• Cygwin
• RedHat Cygwin
• KeepassX_SecureCRT

常用軟件安裝

• 安裝Cygwin時，應安裝上：wget, tar, gawk, bzip2, nc, xz, openssh

安裝apt-cyg

• 修改x86/x86_64源、xz壓縮包支持的apt-cyg:apt-cyg

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  #wget http://apt-cyg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apt-cyg wget http: //w .gdu.me /wiki/files/shell/apt-cyg chmod +x apt-cyg mv apt-cyg /usr/local/bin/ apt-cyg --help cygcheck --help # 修改軟件源 apt-cyg --mirror http: //mirrors .163.com /cygwin   # ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/cygwin # http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin # ftp://ftp.ges.redhat.com/private/releng/cygwin-1.8

• 201308后Cygwin版本變更，需修改apt-cyg(使用上面已修改過的版本即可)
  • 軟件源路徑變更
    • 2013-08-08后Cygwin分為x86、x86_64兩個安裝包，源路徑也改不同路徑(x86、x86_64)，因此apt-cyg下載setup.bz2和setup.ini時發生404錯誤。

      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

      vim /usr/loccal/bin/apt-cyg # 將: wget -N $mirror /setup .bz2 wget -N $mirror /setup .ini # 改為： wget -N $mirror /x86/setup .bz2 wget -N $mirror /x86/setup .ini # 或: wget -N $mirror /x86_64/setup .bz2 wget -N $mirror /x86_64/setup .ini

  • 添加xz壓縮包支持

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    diff apt-cyg apt-cyg.bak 353,358c353 <     echo $ file | grep ".xz$" > /dev/null 2>&1 <     if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then <       cat $ file | xz -d | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C / <     else <       cat $ file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C / <     fi --- >     cat $ file | bunzip2 | tar > "/etc/setup/$pkg.lst" xvf - -C /

安裝常用工具

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# apt-cyg install man cygwin-doc apt-cyg install vim screen wget subversion openssh pwgen gzip bzip2 curl rsync bash -completion \   lftp nc tree p7zip connect-proxy util-linux bind-utils inetutils

安裝python環境

1	apt-cyg install python python-crypto

• 安裝easy_install
  • 參考：http://atbrox.com/2009/09/21/how-to-get-pipvirtualenvfabric-working-on-cygwin/

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    #wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg #sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg   apt-cyg install python-setuptools   easy_install pip pip install moin

常用工具設置

Cygwin終端

• ~/.minttyrc

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  BoldAsFont=no Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid FontHeight=12 #BackgroundColour=0,43,53 BackgroundColour=11,22,33 ForegroundColour=191,191,191 FontSmoothing=full

• 顏色、字體選擇參數

  背景顏色：(RGB)0,40,51;或11,22,33(就是這個Wiki頁面的背景色)
  字體顏色：(RGB)31,148,150(較暗);或191,191,191
  目錄顏色：(RGB)255,128,128
  壓縮文件顏色：(RGB)128,128,0
  
  字體：Consolas,Courier New,Fixedsys,YaHei Consolas hybrid

• YaHei Consolas hybrid.1.12字體下載：
  • YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z
  • 百度網盤下載：YaHei.Consolas.1.12.7z

bashrc

• ~/.bashrc

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  alias grep = 'grep --color'                     # show differences in colour alias egrep = 'egrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour alias fgrep = 'fgrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour alias ls = 'ls -hF --color=tty'                 # classify files in colour alias ll= 'ls -la'                             # long list alias la= 'ls -A'                              # all but . and .. alias l= 'ls -CF'                              # alias ssh = "ssh -S none"

• ~/.bash_profile

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  PS1= "[\w]$" #彩色的PS1會造成命令編輯時光標定位錯誤 #PS1="\e[0;32m[\u@\h \W]\$ \e[m"

screen設置

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# # ~/.screenrc # # 啟動時不顯示歡迎屏幕 startup_message off   # 定義screen的功能鍵為Ctrl-A。向終端輸入Ctrl-A時應按 Ctrl-A a。 #escape ^Aa   # 屏幕緩沖區 1024 行。 defscrollback 1024   # 顯示窗口列表 caption always "%-w%{= BW}%50>%n %t%{-}%+w%<"   # 按 Ctrl-A w 或 Ctrl-A Ctrl-W 顯示窗口列表 bind w windowlist -b #bind ^w windowlist -b   #在使用screen過程中，經常會遇到“閃屏”的問題，這是可以關掉的。 #快速關掉：也就是先輸入CTRL + a，再輸入CTRL + g。 #永久關閉：修改/etc/screenrc 加入 vbell off

~/.vimrc

• vim沒有語法高亮，需加載基本設置

  1	cd /usr/share/vim && cp vim74 /vimrc_example .vim vimrc

• .vimrc設置

詳見：vimrc

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" ~/.vimrc set mouse=c set nobackup   " set paste   set fileformats=unix,dos,mac set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1 set encoding=utf-8 " set termencoding=cp936 let &termencoding = &encoding language messages en_US.UTF-8 "language messages zh_CN.UTF-8   " colo murphy   " tab set tabstop=4 set cindent shiftwidth=4 set autoindent shiftwidth=4 " TAB -> Space set expandtab

~/.ssh/config

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#ssh_config #~/.ssh/config IdentitiesOnly yes ServerAliveInterval 60 GSSAPIAuthentication no   Host m*     Port 22     User root     ControlMaster auto     ControlPath ~/. ssh /master- %r@%h:%p     #ProxyCommand connect-proxy -S 127.0.0.1:2223 %h %p Host mNagios     Hostname 172.16.16.150

其他設置

SSH Server

• OS修改環境變量：path增加c:/cygwin/bin
• OS增加環境變量：CYGWIN=ntsec tty
• Cygwin安裝必要的套件：OpenSSH，cygrunsrv
• Change permissions and ownership on some files:

  1 2 3 4 5 6

  # 以下代碼沒測試過，慎用 cd /; chmod -R og-w . chmod og+w /tmp touch /var/log/sshd .log chown system:system /var/log/sshd .log /var/empty /etc/ssh_h * chmod 755 /var/empty

• Cygwin設定OpenSSH：

  1	ssh -host-config

      Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) ：yes
      Should this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) ：yes
      Do you want to install sshd as service? (yes/no) ：yes
      Default is "ntsec" . CYGWIN=ntsec tty

• 啟動OpenSSH：net start sshd

  1	cygrunsrv -S sshd

• 停止OpenSSH：net stop sshd

crontab

• 在Windows上安裝系統服務 cron，開機即運行。

  1	cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D

• 啟動服務

  1	cygrunsrv -S cron

nontsec

這在 Cygwin 下創建的文件，其他管理員不可寫，是所謂的 ntsec 在起作用。通過 NTFS 的權限設置，模擬 UNIX 的權限。可以通過 CYGWIN 環境變量修改。如：

1	export CYGWIN= "nontsec nosmbntsec"

中文亂碼設置

**若存在中文問題才進行以下設置。**

• Rethat Cygwin安裝后目錄中文即正常，以下設置不一定需要。
• ~/.bashrc

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  export SVN_EDITOR=vim   # Redhat Cygwin中未做以下設置，中文正常 alias ls = 'ls --color --show-control-chars' export LESSCHARSET=latin1 alias less = '/bin/less -r' #export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8 #export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 #export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 #export OUTPUT_CHARSET="GBK"   #stty cs8 -istrip #stty pass8   export CYGWIN= "nontsec nosmbntsec"

• ~/.inputrc

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  # Allow 8-bit input/output set meta-flag on set convert-meta off set input-meta on set output-meta on

技巧收集

• Howto get version info?

  1	cygcheck -c cygwin

• 查看系統信息、軟件包

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  cygcheck -h #幫助 cygcheck -s #sysinfo cygcheck -l #已安裝包列表 cygcheck -c #列出並校驗已安裝的包 cygcheck -p vim #從cygwin.com源查詢包

• 給curl安裝CA Certificates

  1	curl http: //curl .haxx.se /ca/cacert .pem > /usr/ssl/certs/ca-bundle .crt

• 同步Windows用戶和組

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  mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd mkgroup -l > /etc/group   # 如果有Domain的話，需要加上-d domainname

• 設置Cygwin/mintty字體和大小
  • 界面中設置：右鍵菜單->Options->Text，然后選擇你喜歡的字體和大小。
  • 如果沒有你相要的字體，但Windows中有，可修改配置文件：~/.minttyrc，添加以下設置：

    BoldAsFont=no
    #Font=Courier New
    Font=YaHei Consolas hybrid
    FontHeight=12

• 給Cygwin添加more/col/whereis等命令：安裝util-linux包:apt-cyg install util-linux
• 給Cygwin添加telnet/ftp工具:apt-cyg install inetutils
• 給Cygwin安裝dig命令
  • 安裝bind-utils包:apt-cyg install bind-utils
  • 檢查系統中已設置好DNS: ipconfig /all
• 得到Windows格式的路徑名?

  1	cygpath -d -m "`pwd`"

• 用Explorer打開當前目錄

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  #!/bin/sh # openexplorer.sh d=$1;[ -z "$d" ] && d=$( pwd ) d=$( cd "$d" > /dev/null 2>&1; pwd ) Explorer /e , "$(cygpath -d -w $d)"

• Cygwin error: -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
  • http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9300722/cygwin-error-bash-fork-retry-resource-temporarily-unavailable
  • http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall
  • 錯誤現象

    -bash-4.1$ wc m1.txt
          3 [main] bash 2216 child_info_fork::abort: data segment start: parent(0x26D000) !=     child(0x38D000)
          -bash: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          2013930  4027950 74968256 m1.txt

  • 處理辦法

    rkosegi's Answer seems to be working for everyone (myself included). But, just so you don't have to follow the daisy chain of links:
    
    (assuming Cygwin is installed at C:\cygwin):
    
    1.Open Task Manager and close any processes that look to be Cygwin related.
    2.Open C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    3.Verify that dash.exe, ash.exe, rebase.exe, and rebaseall exist in this folder
        - If any of them are missing, re-run Cygwin setup and select the dash, ash, and rebase packages
    4.right-click your C:\Cygwin folder, uncheck Read-only (if its checked), and press OK.
        - When an error about not being able to switch some files comes up, select "Ignore All". Wait for this process to complete.
    5.Browse to C:\Cygwin\bin in Windows Explorer
    6.Right click dash.exe and click "Run as Administrator". A command Prompt should appear with nothing but a $
    7.Type /usr/bin/rebaseall -v, hit enter, and wait for the process to complete.
        - If you get errors about Cygwin processes running, try Step 1 again. If that still doesn't work, Restart your computer into safe mode and try these steps again.
    8.Try opening Cygwin again.
    
    This process worked for me. I hope it works for you guys too.
    
    Source: http://cygwin.wikia.com/wiki/Rebaseall