碼上快樂

相關內容    簡體    繁體

win32手動創建windows窗口的，小記

本文轉載自   查看原文   2014-11-14 10:53   2496 

摘抄自文檔，其中的函數需要以后花時間看

 

向 WinMain 添加功能

  1. 首先，在 WinMain 函數內部創建 WNDCLASSEX 類型的窗口類結構。 此結構包含有關窗口的信息，如應用程序圖標、窗口的背景色、在標題欄中顯示的名稱、窗口過程函數的名稱等等。典型的 WNDCLASSEX 結構如下：

        WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

        WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    有關此結構的字段解釋，請參見 WNDCLASSEX。

  2. 現在已經創建了窗口類，接下來您必須注冊它。使用 RegisterClassEx 函數，並將窗口類結構作為參數傳遞：

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

        if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

  3. 現在已經注冊了您自己的類，接下來創建窗口。使用 CreateWindow 函數，如下所示：

    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
// szWindowClass: the name of the application
// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
// NULL: the parent of this window
// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
// NULL: not used in this application
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    szWindowClass,
    szTitle,
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    500, 100,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    hInstance,
    NULL
);
if (!hWnd)
{
    MessageBox(NULL,
        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
        NULL);

    return 1;
}

    static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");
static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");
// The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
// szWindowClass: the name of the application
// szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
// WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
// CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
// 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
// NULL: the parent of this window
// NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
// hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
// NULL: not used in this application
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    szWindowClass,
    szTitle,
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    500, 100,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    hInstance,
    NULL
);
if (!hWnd)
{
    MessageBox(NULL,
        _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
        _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
        NULL);

    return 1;
}

    此函數返回 HWND，它是某個窗口的句柄。有關更多信息，請參見 Windows 數據類型。

  4. 創建了窗口后，我們可以使用以下代碼將其顯示在屏幕上：

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
ShowWindow(hWnd,
    nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
// hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
// nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
ShowWindow(hWnd,
    nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    到目前為止，此窗口還不會顯示，因為我們尚未實現 WndProc 函數。

  5. WinMain 的最后一步是消息循環。 此循環的用途是偵聽操作系統發送的消息。應用程序收到消息后，將該消息調度到 WndProc 函數，以便進行處理。 消息循環類似於：

     
    以帶有顏色區分的格式查看 復制到剪貼板 打印 
        MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;

        MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;

    有關消息循環中使用的結構和函數的更多信息，請參見 MSG、 GetMessage、 TranslateMessage 和 DispatchMessage。

    您剛才完成的步驟為大多數 Win32 應用程序所共用。有關此應用程序所需要的 include 指令和全局變量聲明，請參見本主題末尾的完整代碼 示例。

    此時， WinMain 函數應該與下面的內容類似：

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nCmdShow)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
        szWindowClass,
        szTitle,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        500, 100,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
        nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nCmdShow)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application dows not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
        szWindowClass,
        szTitle,
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
        500, 100,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL,
            _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
            _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
            NULL);

        return 1;
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
        nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}

向 WndProc 添加功能

  1. WndProc 函數的用途是處理應用程序接收的消息。 通常使用 Switch 函數實現此操作。

    我們將處理的第一個消息是 WM_PAINT 消息。 當必須更新應用程序窗口的一部分時，應用程序會收到此消息。首次創建窗口時，必須更新整個窗口，並傳遞此消息以指示此操作。

    當處理 WM_PAINT 消息時，首先應做的是調用 BeginPaint，最后應做的是調用 EndPaint。 在這兩個函數調用之間，您可以處理所有的邏輯，以在窗口中排列文本、按鈕和其他控件。對於此應用程序，我們在窗口中顯示字符串“Hello, World!”。若要顯示文本，請使用 TextOut 函數，也可以使用drawtext函數如下所示：

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

switch (message)
{
case WM_PAINT:
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
        5, 5,
        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    break;
}

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

switch (message)
{
case WM_PAINT:
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
        5, 5,
        greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    break;
}

  2. 應用程序通常會處理許多其他消息，如 WM_CREATE 和 WM_DESTROY。 一個簡單而完整的 WndProc 函數如下：

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

        // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
        // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
            5, 5,
            greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
        // End application specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
        break;
    }

    return 0;
}


    完整代碼：

    #include <windows.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <tchar.h>

    // Global variables

    // The main window class name.static TCHAR szWindowClass[] = _T("win32app");

    // The string that appears in the application's title bar.static TCHAR szTitle[] = _T("Win32 Guided Tour Application");

    HINSTANCE hInst;

    // Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    int nCmdShow)
    {
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPLICATION));

    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to RegisterClassEx failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

    // The parameters to CreateWindow explained:
    // szWindowClass: the name of the application
    // szTitle: the text that appears in the title bar
    // WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW: the type of window to create
    // CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT: initial position (x, y)
    // 500, 100: initial size (width, length)
    // NULL: the parent of this window
    // NULL: this application does not have a menu bar
    // hInstance: the first parameter from WinMain
    // NULL: not used in this application
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(
    szWindowClass,
    szTitle,
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
    500, 100,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    hInstance,
    NULL
    );

    if (!hWnd)
    {
    MessageBox(NULL,
    _T("Call to CreateWindow failed!"),
    _T("Win32 Guided Tour"),
    NULL);

    return 1;
    }

    // The parameters to ShowWindow explained:
    // hWnd: the value returned from CreateWindow
    // nCmdShow: the fourth parameter from WinMain
    ShowWindow(hWnd,
    nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    // Main message loop:
    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
    }

    //
    // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
    //
    // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.//
    // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
    // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
    //
    //
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    TCHAR greeting[] = _T("Hello, World!");

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
    hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

    // Here your application is laid out.// For this introduction, we just print out "Hello, World!"
    // in the top left corner.TextOut(hdc,
    5, 5,
    greeting, _tcslen(greeting));
    // End application-specific layout section.EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
    PostQuitMessage(0);
    break;
    default:
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    break;
    }

    return 0;
    }




免責聲明！

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用，本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益，請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



猜您在找 win32 api Windows窗口的創建 win32下創建窗口 Win32窗口創建過程 Win32子窗口的創建 [Win32]創建模態窗口 win32創建窗口函數（windows程序內部運行機制） C語言調用WIN32 API學習之1創建窗口 Win32應用中創建多窗口 win32 - 創建帶有標准陰影的無邊框窗口 win32程序之子窗口編程
 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM