User對象
User對象是認證系統的核心。用戶對象通常用來代表網站的用戶，並支持例如訪問控制、注冊用戶、關聯創建者和內容等。在Django認證框架中只有一個用戶類，例如超級用戶('superusers’)或('staff')用戶只不過是相同用戶對象設置了不同屬性而已。
缺省字段Fields
username
用戶名,必需字段。30個字符或更少，可以包含 _, @, +, . 和 - 字符。
first_name
可選。 30 characters or fewer.
last_name
可選。 30 characters or fewer.
email
郵箱,可選。 Email address.
password
密碼,必需。Django不是以明文存儲密碼的，而是存儲哈希值。
groups
用戶組。Many-to-many relationship to Group
user_permissions
用戶權限。Many-to-many relationship to Permission
groups = models.ManyToManyField(Group, verbose_name=_('groups'),
blank=True, help_text=_('The groups this user belongs to. A user will '
'get all permissions granted to each of '
'their groups.'),
related_name="user_set", related_query_name="user")
user_permissions = models.ManyToManyField(Permission,
verbose_name=_('user permissions'), blank=True,
help_text=_('Specific permissions for this user.'),
related_name="user_set", related_query_name="user")
is_staff
Boolean。決定用戶是否可以訪問admin管理界面。默認False。
is_active
Boolean。 用戶是否活躍,默認True。一般不刪除用戶，而是將用戶的is_active設為False。
is_superuser
Boolean。默認False。當設為True時，用戶獲得全部權限。
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"""
Returns True if the user has the specified permission. This method
queries all available auth backends, but returns immediately if any
backend returns True. Thus, a user who has permission from a single
auth backend is assumed to have permission in general. If an object is
provided, permissions for this specific object are checked.
"""
# Active superusers have all permissions.
if self.is_active and self.is_superuser:
return True
# Otherwise we need to check the backends.
return _user_has_perm(self, perm, obj)
last_login
上一次的登錄時間，為datetime對象，默認為當時的時間。
user.last_login = timezone.now()
date_joined
用戶創建的時間
方法Methods
is_anonymous()
是否是匿名用戶。
is_authenticated()
用戶是否通過驗證，登陸。
get_full_name()
返回first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.
get_short_name()
返回first_name.
set_password(raw_password)
設置密碼。
check_password(raw_password)
驗證密碼。
get_group_permissions(obj=None)
返回用戶組權限的集合。
get_all_permissions(obj=None)
返回用戶所有的權限集合。
has_perm(perm, obj=None)
用戶是否具有某個權限。perm的格式是 "<app label>.<permission codename>".
has_perms(perm_list, obj=None)
用戶是否具有權限列表中的每個權限。
創建用戶
由於User對象的密碼不是明文存儲的，所以創建User對象時與通常的Model create不同，需用內置的create_user()方法。
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> user = User.objects.create_user('john', 'lennon@thebeatles.com', 'johnpassword')
# At this point, user is a User object that has already been saved
# to the database. You can continue to change its attributes
# if you want to change other fields.
>>> user.last_name = 'Lennon'
>>> user.save()
當然也可以在admin界面中添加用戶。
創建superusers
$ python manage.py createsuperuser --username=joe --email=joe@example.com
修改密碼
使用內置的set_password()方法。
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> u = User.objects.get(username='john')
>>> u.set_password('new password')
>>> u.save()
驗證用戶
authenticate()
驗證給出的username和password是否是一個有效用戶。如果有效，則返回一個User對象，無效則返回None。
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username='john', password='secret')
if user is not None:
# the password verified for the user
if user.is_active:
print("User is valid, active and authenticated")
else:
print("The password is valid, but the account has been disabled!")
else:
# the authentication system was unable to verify the username and password
print("The username and password were incorrect.")