matlab 2012 vs2010混合編程

1、背景

眾所周知，matlab在處理矩陣、數學計算、計算機仿真、圖像處理等方面有着 c c++無可比擬的優勢，但是做成系統供使用時，又顯得過於粗糙，為了使用起來高大上，計算起來有簡單，方便。無疑，c++ 與matlab混合編程將會使非常靠譜的選擇。

這里暫且不論所謂的matlab效率低，c/c++效率高的問題，自我感覺，以我目前編碼的功底，所編寫的代碼的效率遠遠不及matlab提供的代碼的效率。除非你是大牛，或者你是人雲亦雲，所以能用matlab混合c++編碼還是很不錯的選擇，話不多說，我們開始討論正題。

2、我使用的版本是matlab2012與vs2010混合編程的。

軟件的下載這里就不多說了，我相信看這篇教程的你，這兩個軟件已經安裝的妥妥當當的了。

這里我選用網上常用來做例子的matlab代碼做測試，spline.m,該文件位於

D:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2012a\toolbox\matlab\polyfun

當然該文件中依賴調用另一個文件chckxy.m，該文件也在這條路徑下。找到后復制到matlab的工作目錄下。

這里為了方便提供兩個文件的代碼：

spline.m

function output = spline(x,y,xx)
%SPLINE Cubic spline data interpolation.
%   PP = SPLINE(X,Y) provides the piecewise polynomial form of the 
%   cubic spline interpolant to the data values Y at the data sites X,
%   for use with the evaluator PPVAL and the spline utility UNMKPP.
%   X must be a vector.
%   If Y is a vector, then Y(j) is taken as the value to be matched at X(j), 
%   hence Y must be of the same length as X  -- see below for an exception
%   to this.
%   If Y is a matrix or ND array, then Y(:,...,:,j) is taken as the value to
%   be matched at X(j),  hence the last dimension of Y must equal length(X) --
%   see below for an exception to this.
%
%   YY = SPLINE(X,Y,XX) is the same as  YY = PPVAL(SPLINE(X,Y),XX), thus
%   providing, in YY, the values of the interpolant at XX.  For information
%   regarding the size of YY see PPVAL.
%
%   Ordinarily, the not-a-knot end conditions are used. However, if Y contains
%   two more values than X has entries, then the first and last value in Y are
%   used as the endslopes for the cubic spline.  If Y is a vector, this
%   means:
%       f(X) = Y(2:end-1),  Df(min(X))=Y(1),    Df(max(X))=Y(end).
%   If Y is a matrix or N-D array with SIZE(Y,N) equal to LENGTH(X)+2, then
%   f(X(j)) matches the value Y(:,...,:,j+1) for j=1:LENGTH(X), then
%   Df(min(X)) matches Y(:,:,...:,1) and Df(max(X)) matches Y(:,:,...:,end).
%
%   Example:
%   This generates a sine-like spline curve and samples it over a finer mesh:
%       x = 0:10;  y = sin(x);
%       xx = 0:.25:10;
%       yy = spline(x,y,xx);
%       plot(x,y,'o',xx,yy)
%
%   Example:
%   This illustrates the use of clamped or complete spline interpolation where
%   end slopes are prescribed. In this example, zero slopes at the ends of an 
%   interpolant to the values of a certain distribution are enforced:
%      x = -4:4; y = [0 .15 1.12 2.36 2.36 1.46 .49 .06 0];
%      cs = spline(x,[0 y 0]);
%      xx = linspace(-4,4,101);
%      plot(x,y,'o',xx,ppval(cs,xx),'-');
%
%   Class support for inputs x, y, xx:
%      float: double, single
%
%   See also INTERP1, PCHIP, PPVAL, MKPP, UNMKPP.

%   Carl de Boor 7-2-86
%   Copyright 1984-2010 The MathWorks, Inc.
%   $Revision: 5.18.4.6 $  $Date: 2010/09/02 13:36:29 $


% Check that data are acceptable and, if not, try to adjust them appropriately
[x,y,sizey,endslopes] = mychckxy(x,y);
n = length(x); yd = prod(sizey);

% Generate the cubic spline interpolant in ppform

dd = ones(yd,1); dx = diff(x); divdif = diff(y,[],2)./dx(dd,:); 
if n==2
   if isempty(endslopes) % the interpolant is a straight line
      pp=mkpp(x,[divdif y(:,1)],sizey);
   else         % the interpolant is the cubic Hermite polynomial
      pp = pwch(x,y,endslopes,dx,divdif); pp.dim = sizey;
   end
elseif n==3&&isempty(endslopes) % the interpolant is a parabola
   y(:,2:3)=divdif;
   y(:,3)=diff(divdif')'/(x(3)-x(1));
   y(:,2)=y(:,2)-y(:,3)*dx(1); 
   pp = mkpp(x([1,3]),y(:,[3 2 1]),sizey);
else % set up the sparse, tridiagonal, linear system b = ?*c for the slopes
   b=zeros(yd,n);
   b(:,2:n-1)=3*(dx(dd,2:n-1).*divdif(:,1:n-2)+dx(dd,1:n-2).*divdif(:,2:n-1));
   if isempty(endslopes)
      x31=x(3)-x(1);xn=x(n)-x(n-2);
      b(:,1)=((dx(1)+2*x31)*dx(2)*divdif(:,1)+dx(1)^2*divdif(:,2))/x31;
      b(:,n)=...
      (dx(n-1)^2*divdif(:,n-2)+(2*xn+dx(n-1))*dx(n-2)*divdif(:,n-1))/xn;
   else
      x31 = 0; xn = 0; b(:,[1 n]) = dx(dd,[2 n-2]).*endslopes;
   end
   dxt = dx(:);
   c = spdiags([ [x31;dxt(1:n-2);0] ...
        [dxt(2);2*(dxt(2:n-1)+dxt(1:n-2));dxt(n-2)] ...
        [0;dxt(2:n-1);xn] ],[-1 0 1],n,n);

   % sparse linear equation solution for the slopes
   mmdflag = spparms('autommd');
   spparms('autommd',0);
   s=b/c;
   spparms('autommd',mmdflag);

   % construct piecewise cubic Hermite interpolant
   % to values and computed slopes
   pp = pwch(x,y,s,dx,divdif); pp.dim = sizey;

end

if nargin==2, output = pp; else output = ppval(pp,xx); end

chckxy.m

function [x,y,sizey,endslopes] = mychckxy(x,y)
%CHCKXY check and adjust input for SPLINE and PCHIP
%   [X,Y,SIZEY] = CHCKXY(X,Y) checks the data sites X and corresponding data
%   values Y, making certain that there are exactly as many sites as values,
%   that no two data sites are the same, removing any data points that involve 
%   NaNs, reordering the sites if necessary to ensure that X is a strictly
%   increasing row vector and reordering the data values correspondingly,
%   and reshaping Y if necessary to make sure that it is a matrix, with Y(:,j)
%   the data value corresponding to the data site X(j), and with SIZEY the
%   actual dimensions of the given values. 
%   This call to CHCKXY is suitable for PCHIP.
%
%   [X,Y,SIZEY,ENDSLOPES] = CHCKXY(X,Y) also considers the possibility that
%   there are two more data values than there are data sites.
%   If there are, then the first and the last data value are removed from Y
%   and returned separately as ENDSLOPES. Otherwise, an empty ENDSLOPES is
%   returned.  This call to CHCKXY is suitable for SPLINE.
%
%   See also PCHIP, SPLINE.

%   Copyright 1984-2011 The MathWorks, Inc.

% make sure X is a vector:
if length(find(size(x)>1))>1 
  error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:XNotVector')) 
end

% ensure X is real
if any(~isreal(x)) 
  error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:XComplex')) 
end

% deal with NaN's among the sites:
nanx = find(isnan(x));
if ~isempty(nanx)
   x(nanx) = [];
   warning(message('MATLAB:chckxy:nan'))
end

n=length(x);
if n<2 
  error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:NotEnoughPts')) 
end

% re-sort, if needed, to ensure strictly increasing site sequence:
x=x(:).'; 
dx = diff(x);

if any(dx<0), [x,ind] = sort(x); dx = diff(x); else ind=1:n; end

if ~all(dx), error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:RepeatedSites')), end

% if Y is ND, reshape it to a matrix by combining all dimensions but the last:
sizey = size(y);


while length(sizey)>2&&sizey(end)==1, sizey(end) = []; end


yn = sizey(end); 
sizey(end)=[]; 
yd = prod(sizey);

if length(sizey)>1
   y = reshape(y,yd,yn);
else
   % if Y happens to be a column matrix, change it to the expected row matrix.
   if yn==1
       yn = yd;
       y = reshape(y,1,yn); 
       yd = 1; 
       sizey = yd;
   end
end

% determine whether not-a-knot or clamped end conditions are to be used:
nstart = n+length(nanx);
if yn==nstart
   endslopes = [];
elseif nargout==4&&yn==nstart+2
   endslopes = y(:,[1 n+2]); y(:,[1 n+2])=[];
   if any(isnan(endslopes))
      error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:EndslopeNaN'))
   end
   if any(isinf(endslopes))
       error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:EndslopeInf'))
   end
else
   error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:NumSitesMismatchValues',nstart, yn))
end

% deal with NaN's among the values:
if ~isempty(nanx)
    y(:,nanx) = [];
end

y=y(:,ind);
nany = find(sum(isnan(y),1));
if ~isempty(nany)
   y(:,nany) = []; x(nany) = [];
   warning(message('MATLAB:chckxy:IgnoreNaN'))
   n = length(x);
   if n<2 
     error(message('MATLAB:chckxy:NotEnoughPts')) 
   end
end

ps:說明下，由於這兩個文件都是matlab的工具文件，所以chckxy.m在調用時，改了名字叫做mychckxy.m，相應的文件名字也需要改。

做一個簡單的測試，做一個調用：

clc; 
clear all; 
close all;
x = 0:10;
y = sin(x);
xx = 0:.25:10;
yy = spline(x,y,xx)
plot(x,y,'o',xx,yy);

運行結果：

 

到此為止，都是准備工作做，下面開始介紹如何在vs中調用spline函數。

1）在matlab中輸入命令 mbuild -setup , 運行結果如下圖所示, 按照提示選擇編譯器 vs2010.

mbuild -setup

然后鍵入：mex -setup 命令，運行結果如下圖所示,按照提示選擇編譯器 vs2010

mex -setup

 

然后在matlab命令窗口輸入：

 mcc -W cpplib:libspline -T link:lib spline.m

可以得到如下圖這些文件：

依然，其中的"libspline.dll"、"libspline.h"和"libspline.lib"這三個文件是我們所需的。

 

2）打開vs2010建一個控制台應用程序，可以選擇一個空的控制台應用程序。

創建程序之后把第一步中得到的三個文件copy到工程中。

 

由於我的電腦是win 7 64bit，matlab是64bit，所以應該選擇x64,而不是win32平台。

a)修改平台參數，為x64

生成 ---> 配置管理器 

 

b）配置包含目錄與庫目錄

項目 ----> 屬性 ----> vc++目錄

包含目錄：

D:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2012a\extern\include

 

庫目錄：

D:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2012a\extern\lib\win64\microsoft

 

c)配置附加依賴項 ， 這里根據項目的不同，依賴的文件不同，這里測試依賴的是"mclmcrrt.lib"和"libspline.lib"這兩個lib，第一是庫lib，第二個是我們生成的lib.文件。所依賴的lib文件在庫目錄已經說明了，

路徑為：D:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2012a\extern\lib\win64\microsoft下。

這里有兩種解決方案，第一種在vs中配置。

項目 ----> 屬性 ----> 連接器 ----> 輸入 

第二種方法是，在文件中直接引入lib文件。

 

做完以上工作后，我們新建一個主函數作為入口函數，具體測試代碼如下:

#include "libspline.h"    //增加頭文件
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;


#pragma comment(lib,"mclmcrrt.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"libspline.lib")



int main()
{
    //初始化lib（必須）
    if (!libsplineInitialize())
        return -1;

    int i, j;
    double x[1][11], y[1][11];
    for(i=0; i<11; i++)
    {
        x[0][i] = i;
        y[0][i] = sin(x[0][i]);
    }

    double xx[1][41];
    for(i=0; i<41; i++)
        xx[0][i] = i*0.25;

    double yy[1][41];

    mwArray mwX(1,11,mxDOUBLE_CLASS);
    mwArray mwY(1,11,mxDOUBLE_CLASS);
    mwArray mwXX(1,41,mxDOUBLE_CLASS);
    mwArray mwYY(1,41,mxDOUBLE_CLASS);
    mwX.SetData(*x, 11);
    mwY.SetData(*y, 11);
    mwXX.SetData(*xx, 41);
    mwYY.SetData(*yy, 41);

    spline(1, mwYY, mwX, mwY, mwXX);    //調用spline

    cout<<"yy = "<<endl;
    i = 0;
    for(j = 0; j < 41; j++)
    {
        //Get第一個參數表示用1個下標訪問元素，j+1是列號（MATLAB下標從1開始，而C++從0開始，故做+1操作）
        yy[0][j] = mwYY.Get(1,j+1);
        cout<<setprecision(4)<<right<<setw(10)<<yy[0][j];
        i++;
        if(i%7 == 0) cout<<endl;    //換行
    }
    cout<<endl;

    //終止調用
    libsplineTerminate();

    return 0;
}

 

運行結果如圖：

比較這個結果與最開始我們測試matlab運行的結果，測試通過。matlab配置完成。

 

ps說明：配置過程中遇到的問題：

配置時經常遇到 LINK2019的錯誤。這種錯誤就是典型的lib缺失導入的問題。

main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 mclGetMatrix_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: __cdecl mwArray::mwArray(unsigned __int64,unsigned __int64,enum mxClassID,enum mxComplexity)" (??0mwArray@@QEAA@_K0W4mxClassID@@W4mxComplexity@@@Z) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 mclcppGetLastError_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: static void __cdecl mwException::raise_error(void)" (?raise_error@mwException@@SAXXZ) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 mclcppCreateError_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: __cdecl mwException::mwException(void)" (??0mwException@@QEAA@XZ) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 ref_count_obj_addref_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: __cdecl mwException::mwException(class mwException const &)" (??0mwException@@QEAA@AEBV0@@Z) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 ref_count_obj_release_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: virtual __cdecl mwException::~mwException(void)" (??1mwException@@UEAA@XZ) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 error_info_get_message_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: virtual char const * __cdecl mwException::what(void)const " (?what@mwException@@UEBAPEBDXZ) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 array_ref_getV_int_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: class mwArray __cdecl mwArray::GetPromoted(unsigned __int64,...)" (?GetPromoted@mwArray@@QEAA?AV1@_KZZ) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 array_ref_set_numeric_mxDouble_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: void __cdecl mwArray::SetData(double *,unsigned __int64)" (?SetData@mwArray@@QEAAXPEAN_K@Z) 中被引用
1>main.obj : error LNK2019: 無法解析的外部符號 array_ref_get_numeric_mxDouble_proxy，該符號在函數 "public: __cdecl mwArray::operator double(void)const " (??BmwArray@@QEBANXZ) 中被引用

這里是因為缺少：mclmcrrt.lib

#pragma comment(lib,"mclmcrrt.lib")

即可解決。