WCF服務的異常消息

本文轉載自查看原文 2014-10-27 20:10 8104 includeExceptionDetailInFaults/ WCF/ 異常/ Exception

原創地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/p/4055024.html

轉載請注明出處

WCF Service發生異常的時候，客戶端一般只能看見這樣一個錯誤：“The server encountered an error processing the request”，而異常的類型和引起異常的代碼都沒有顯示，究其原因是出於安全考慮。如果想要暴露這些異常信息的細節給客戶端，只需要在服務器的配置文件上修改<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />。

（一）SOAP WCF Service的異常

（1）當serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"

IDemoService.cs:

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCFDemo
{    
    [ServiceContract(Name = "IDemoService")]
    public interface IDemoService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        int Divide(int numerator, int denominator);
    }
}

DemoService.cs:

using System;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;

namespace WCFDemo
{
    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class DemoService : IDemoService
    {
        public int Divide(int numerator, int denominator)
        {
            return numerator / denominator;
        }
    }
}

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<configuration> 
    <system.web> 
      <compilation targetFramework="4.0" /> 
    </system.web>

    <system.serviceModel> 
      <services> 
        <service name="WCFDemo.DemoService" behaviorConfiguration="metaBehavior"> 
          <endpoint address="DemoService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCFDemo.IDemoService" /> 
          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> 
          <host> 
            <baseAddresses> 
              <add baseAddress="http://localhost:8080"/> 
            </baseAddresses> 
          </host> 
        </service> 
      </services> 
        <behaviors> 
            <serviceBehaviors> 
                <behavior name="metaBehavior"> 
                    <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> 
                    <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> 
                </behavior> 
            </serviceBehaviors> 
        </behaviors> 
        <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> 
    </system.serviceModel> 
</configuration>

建立一個Windows Client，Form1.cs:

private void buttonCalculate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 
{ 
    DemoServiceReference.DemoServiceClient demoServiceClient = new DemoServiceReference.DemoServiceClient(); 
    textBoxResult.Text = demoServiceClient.Divide(Convert.ToInt32(textBoxNumerator.Text), Convert.ToInt32(textBoxDenominator.Text)).ToString(); 
}

Client app.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<configuration> 
    <system.serviceModel> 
        <bindings> 
            <basicHttpBinding> 
                <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IDemoService" /> 
            </basicHttpBinding> 
        </bindings> 
        <client> 
            <endpoint address="http://169.254.14.147:8080/DemoService.svc/DemoService" 
                binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IDemoService" 
                contract="DemoServiceReference.IDemoService" name="BasicHttpBinding_IDemoService" /> 
        </client> 
    </system.serviceModel> 
</configuration>

在正常情況下的消息為：

Request Body:

<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <s:Body>
    <Divide xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <numerator>100</numerator>
      <denominator>10</denominator>
    </Divide>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

Response Body:

<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <s:Body>
    <DivideResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <DivideResult>10</DivideResult>
    </DivideResponse>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

在發生異常時：

Request Header:

<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <s:Body>
    <Divide xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <numerator>100</numerator>
      <denominator>0</denominator>
    </Divide>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

Response Body:

<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <s:Body>
    <s:Fault>
      <faultcode xmlns:a="http://schemas.microsoft.com/net/2005/12/windowscommunicationfoundation/dispatcher">a:InternalServiceFault</faultcode>
      <faultstring xml:lang="en-US">The server was unable to process the request due to an internal error.  For more information about the error, either turn on IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults (either from ServiceBehaviorAttribute or from the &lt;serviceDebug&gt; configuration behavior) on the server in order to send the exception information back to the client, or turn on tracing as per the Microsoft .NET Framework SDK documentation and inspect the server trace logs.</faultstring>
    </s:Fault>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

（2）當serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"

可以看到異常的消息為”Attempted to divide by zero.”

response body:

<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <s:Body>
    <s:Fault>
      <faultcode xmlns:a="http://schemas.microsoft.com/net/2005/12/windowscommunicationfoundation/dispatcher">a:InternalServiceFault</faultcode>
      <faultstring xml:lang="en-US">Attempted to divide by zero.</faultstring>
      <detail>
        <ExceptionDetail xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/System.ServiceModel" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
          <HelpLink i:nil="true"/>
          <InnerException i:nil="true"/>
          <Message>Attempted to divide by zero.</Message>
          <StackTrace>
            at WCFDemo.DemoService.Divide(Int32 numerator, Int32 denominator)&#xD;
            at SyncInvokeDivide(Object , Object[] , Object[] )&#xD;
            at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]&amp; outputs)&#xD;
            at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc&amp; rpc)&#xD;
            at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage5(MessageRpc&amp; rpc)&#xD;
            at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage31(MessageRpc&amp; rpc)&#xD;
            at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.MessageRpc.Process(Boolean isOperationContextSet)
          </StackTrace>
          <Type>System.DivideByZeroException</Type>
        </ExceptionDetail>
      </detail>
    </s:Fault>
  </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

（二）JSON WCF Service的異常

（1） serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"

IDemoJsonService.cs:

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCFDemo
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "IDemoJsonService")]
    public interface IDemoJsonService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        int Divide(int numerator, int denominator);
    }
}

DemoJsonService.cs

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;

namespace WCFDemo
{

    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class DemoJsonService : IDemoJsonService
    {
        [WebGet(UriTemplate="Divide?numerator={numerator}&denominator={denominator}", ResponseFormat=WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        public int Divide(int numerator, int denominator)
        {
            return numerator / denominator;
        }
    }
}

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<configuration> 
    <system.web> 
      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> 
    </system.web> 
    <system.serviceModel> 
      <services> 
        <service name="WCFDemo.DemoService" behaviorConfiguration="metaBehavior"> 
          <endpoint address="DemoService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCFDemo.IDemoService" />          
          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> 
        </service> 
        <service name="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService" behaviorConfiguration="metaBehavior"> 
          <endpoint address="DemoJsonService" binding="webHttpBinding" contract="WCFDemo.IDemoJsonService" behaviorConfiguration="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService.endpointBehavior" /> 
          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> 
        </service> 
      </services> 
        <behaviors> 
            <serviceBehaviors> 
                <behavior name="metaBehavior"> 
                    <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> 
                    <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> 
                </behavior> 
            </serviceBehaviors> 
          <endpointBehaviors> 
            <behavior name="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService.endpointBehavior"> 
              <webHttp helpEnabled="true"/> 
            </behavior> 
          </endpointBehaviors> 
        </behaviors> 
        <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> 
    </system.serviceModel> 
</configuration>

正常情況下：

發生異常時：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 
  <head> 
    <title>Request Error</title> 
    <style>BODY { color: #000000; background-color: white; font-family: Verdana; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; } #content { margin-left: 30px; font-size: .70em; padding-bottom: 2em; } A:link { color: #336699; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } A:visited { color: #6699cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } A:active { color: #336699; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } .heading1 { background-color: #003366; border-bottom: #336699 6px solid; color: #ffffff; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 26px; font-weight: normal;margin: 0em 0em 10px -20px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 30px;padding-top: 16px;} pre { font-size:small; background-color: #e5e5cc; padding: 5px; font-family: Courier New; margin-top: 0px; border: 1px #f0f0e0 solid; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: -pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana;} table th { border-right: 2px white solid; border-bottom: 2px white solid; font-weight: bold; background-color: #cecf9c;} table td { border-right: 2px white solid; border-bottom: 2px white solid; background-color: #e5e5cc;}</style> 
  </head> 
  <body> 
    <div id="content"> 
      <p class="heading1">Request Error</p> 
      <p xmlns="">The server encountered an error processing the request. Please see the <a rel="help-page" href="http://169.254.14.147:8080/DemoJsonService.svc/DemoJsonService/help">service help page</a> for constructing valid requests to the service.</p> 
    </div> 
  </body> 
</html>

（2）當serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"

web.config

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<configuration> 
    <system.web> 
      <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> 
    </system.web> 
    <system.serviceModel> 
      <services> 
        <service name="WCFDemo.DemoService" behaviorConfiguration="metaBehavior"> 
          <endpoint address="DemoService" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCFDemo.IDemoService" />          
          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> 
        </service> 
        <service name="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService" behaviorConfiguration="metaBehavior"> 
          <endpoint address="DemoJsonService" binding="webHttpBinding" contract="WCFDemo.IDemoJsonService" behaviorConfiguration="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService.endpointBehavior" /> 
          <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"></endpoint> 
        </service> 
      </services> 
        <behaviors> 
            <serviceBehaviors> 
                <behavior name="metaBehavior"> 
                    <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> 
                    <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /> 
                </behavior> 
            </serviceBehaviors> 
          <endpointBehaviors> 
            <behavior name="WCFDemo.DemoJsonService.endpointBehavior"> 
              <webHttp helpEnabled="true"/> 
            </behavior> 
          </endpointBehaviors> 
        </behaviors> 
        <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> 
    </system.serviceModel> 
</configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 
  <head> 
    <title>Request Error</title> 
    <style>BODY { color: #000000; background-color: white; font-family: Verdana; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; } #content { margin-left: 30px; font-size: .70em; padding-bottom: 2em; } A:link { color: #336699; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } A:visited { color: #6699cc; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } A:active { color: #336699; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; } .heading1 { background-color: #003366; border-bottom: #336699 6px solid; color: #ffffff; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 26px; font-weight: normal;margin: 0em 0em 10px -20px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 30px;padding-top: 16px;} pre { font-size:small; background-color: #e5e5cc; padding: 5px; font-family: Courier New; margin-top: 0px; border: 1px #f0f0e0 solid; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: -pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; font-family: Verdana;} table th { border-right: 2px white solid; border-bottom: 2px white solid; font-weight: bold; background-color: #cecf9c;} table td { border-right: 2px white solid; border-bottom: 2px white solid; background-color: #e5e5cc;}</style> 
  </head> 
  <body> 
    <div id="content"> 
      <p class="heading1">Request Error</p> 
      <p xmlns="">The server encountered an error processing the request. Please see the <a rel="help-page" href="http://169.254.14.147:8080/DemoJsonService.svc/DemoJsonService/help">service help page</a> for constructing valid requests to the service. The exception message is 'Attempted to divide by zero.'. See server logs for more details. The exception stack trace is: </p> 
      <p>   at WCFDemo.DemoJsonService.Divide(Int32 numerator, Int32 denominator) 
   at SyncInvokeDivide(Object , Object[] , Object[] ) 
   at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.SyncMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object instance, Object[] inputs, Object[]&amp; outputs) 
   at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DispatchOperationRuntime.InvokeBegin(MessageRpc&amp; rpc) 
   at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage5(MessageRpc&amp; rpc) 
   at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessage31(MessageRpc&amp; rpc) 
   at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.MessageRpc.Process(Boolean isOperationContextSet)</p> 
    </div> 
  </body> 
</html>

（三）總結

出於安全考慮，WCF Server不會暴露異常的詳細信息，如果想看到這一信息，需要在服務器上將配置文件修改為<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />。

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