windows平台使用Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7編譯python擴展

在windows平台上安裝python c extension的擴展包是件很痛苦的事情，一般通過安裝vc/vs系列來編譯C擴展，不過安裝包都比較大。或者通過mingw編譯，不過有時會在兼容性上出現點問題。

有個好消息就是微軟為Python提供了專用的編譯器Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7（包含32位和64位） 下載地址: http://aka.ms/vcpython27

提示：在此感謝@ThunderEX的提醒，setuptools 6.0及后續版本可以自動識別Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler for Python 2.7了，趕緊升級吧。如果不能升級，請參考下面的操作步驟。

1.下載完成並安裝。以本機為例，安裝完成后的路徑為: 

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0

2.修改python安裝目錄下Lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py文件(如有必要可能msvccompiler.py文件也需要做相應更改，視系統而定)，找到get_build_version方法直接return 9.0

def get_build_version():
    """Return the version of MSVC that was used to build Python.

    For Python 2.3 and up, the version number is included in
    sys.version.  For earlier versions, assume the compiler is MSVC 6.
    """
    return 9.0
    prefix = "MSC v."
    i = sys.version.find(prefix)
    if i == -1:
        return 6
    i = i + len(prefix)
    s, rest = sys.version[i:].split(" ", 1)
    majorVersion = int(s[:-2]) - 6
    minorVersion = int(s[2:3]) / 10.0
    # I don't think paths are affected by minor version in version 6
    if majorVersion == 6:
        minorVersion = 0
    if majorVersion >= 6:
        return majorVersion + minorVersion
    # else we don't know what version of the compiler this is
    return None

然后再找到find_vcvarsall方法直接返回vcvarsall.bat的路徑（以自己機器安裝后的路徑為准）

def find_vcvarsall(version):
    """Find the vcvarsall.bat file

    At first it tries to find the productdir of VS 2008 in the registry. If
    that fails it falls back to the VS90COMNTOOLS env var.
    """
    return r'C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Common\Microsoft\Visual C++ for Python\9.0\vcvarsall.bat'
    vsbase = VS_BASE % version
    try:
        productdir = Reg.get_value(r"%s\Setup\VC" % vsbase,
                                   "productdir")
    except KeyError:
        productdir = None

    # trying Express edition
    if productdir is None:
        vsbase = VSEXPRESS_BASE % version
        try:
            productdir = Reg.get_value(r"%s\Setup\VC" % vsbase,
                                       "productdir")
        except KeyError:
            productdir = None
            log.debug("Unable to find productdir in registry")

    if not productdir or not os.path.isdir(productdir):
        toolskey = "VS%0.f0COMNTOOLS" % version
        toolsdir = os.environ.get(toolskey, None)

        if toolsdir and os.path.isdir(toolsdir):
            productdir = os.path.join(toolsdir, os.pardir, os.pardir, "VC")
            productdir = os.path.abspath(productdir)
            if not os.path.isdir(productdir):
                log.debug("%s is not a valid directory" % productdir)
                return None
        else:
            log.debug("Env var %s is not set or invalid" % toolskey)
    if not productdir:
        log.debug("No productdir found")
        return None
    vcvarsall = os.path.join(productdir, "vcvarsall.bat")
    if os.path.isfile(vcvarsall):
        return vcvarsall
    log.debug("Unable to find vcvarsall.bat")
    return None

3.上述完成之后就可以在windwos下正常編譯python的C擴展。以pycrypto-2.6.1為例，執行如下命令

python setup.py install

當然也可以建立一個windows的二進制包

python setup.py bdist_wininst