avalon的ViewModel對象從其內部EventManager里繼承了三個方法,$watch、$unwatch、$fire三個方法,它們就是我們本節的主題。
詞如其名,非常直白,一看就知道做什么。我們先從$watch方法說起,它能監聽當前的VM第一層的監控屬性 與 計算屬性,如果某屬性是一個對象,想監控其子孫屬性,就需要定位到此對象上使用$watch回調了。$watch回調會默認傳入先后兩個屬性值。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="avalon.js" ></script> <script> var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", aaa: "2", bbb: "2", $ccc: "1",//這是非監控屬性 ddd: "1",//這是非監控屬性 $skipArray: ["ddd"], click: function(a) { model[a] = new Date - 0 } }) model.$watch("aaa", function(a, b) { console.log("aaa", a, b) }) model.$watch("bbb", function(a, b) { console.log("bbb", a, b) }) model.$watch("$ccc", function(a, b) { console.log("$ccc", a, b) }) model.$watch("ddd", function(a, b) { console.log("ddd", a, b) }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div> <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div> <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div> <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div> </body> </html>
如果屬性非常多,我們可以監聽$all這個特殊的屬性名來得知所有屬性的變動狀況。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="../avalon.js" ></script> <script> var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", aaa: "2", bbb: "2", $ccc: "1", ddd: "1", $skipArray: ["ddd"], click: function(a) { model[a] = new Date - 0 } }) model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) { console.log(name, a, b) }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div> <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div> <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div> <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div> </body> </html>
我們也可以用$fire更改屬性值。這樣就可以打破不能觸發非監控屬性的回調的藩蘺,但要注意死循環,需要自己比較新舊值是否真的發生改變才觸發。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="../avalon.js" ></script> <script> var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", aaa: "2", bbb: "2", $ccc: "1", ddd: "1", $skipArray: ["ddd"], click: function(a) { var old = model[a] model.$fire(a, new Date - 0, old) } }) model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) { console.log(name, a, b) }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div> <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div> <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div> <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div> </body> </html>
注意,$watch回調里是用ecma262 v6 提供的新API Object.is做新舊值比較,它的功能與=== 差不多,但能對付NaN這個自己也不等於自己的怪胎。另,一個對象字面量即便外形看上去一致,也是一個新對象,不會等於原來的。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="avalon.js" ></script> <script> var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", aaa: "1111", nan: NaN, object: {a: 1, b: 2}, array: [1, 2], ddd: "1", $skipArray: ["ddd"], click: function(a) { if (a == "object") { model[a] = {a: 1, b: 2} } else if (a == "array") { model[a] = [1, 2] } else if (a == "nan") { model[a] = NaN } else { model[a] = "1111" } } }) model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) { console.log(name, a, b) }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div> <div ms-click="click('nan')">{{nan}}</div> <div ms-click="click('object')"> <div ms-repeat='object'>{{$key}}</div> </div> <div ms-click="click('array')"> <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div> </div> <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div> </body> </html>
對於數組,我們只能監聽數組長度的變化,不能監聽其內部是否發生變化。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="../avalon.js" ></script> <script> var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", array: [1, 2], click: function(a) { model.array.push(new Date - 0) } }) model.array.$watch("length", function( a, b) { console.log(a, b) }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('array')"> <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div> </div> </body> </html>
如果你一定要監聽數組每個元素的變化,可以使用1.3.4新添加的tick函數,這是一個心跳檢測,只要函數返回false就會從檢測列隊中移除。由於是每30ms檢測一次,非常耗性能,因此不用時記得移除。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <script src="../avalon.js" ></script> <script> var ret var model = avalon.define({ $id: "test", array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], stop: function(){ ret = false }, click: function(a) { var index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 8) model.array.set(index, new Date - 0) } }) var old = model.$model.array.concat() avalon.tick(function() { console.log("tick...") var now = model.$model.array.concat() for (var i = 0, n = now.length; i < n; i++) { if (now[i] !== old[i]) { console.log("第" + i + "個元素發生變化: " + old[i] + " --> " + now[i]) } } old = now return ret }) </script> <style> .ms-hover div:hover{ background:yellowgreen; } </style> </head> <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'> <div ms-click="click('array')"> <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div> </div> <button type='button' ms-click='stop'>移除此監聽器</button> </body> </html>
稍微說一下 $unwatch的用法,這個不太常用。如果它傳入兩個參數,第一個為屬性名,第二個為回調,那么就會移除此用戶,如果只傳入此屬性名,則移除此屬性的所有監聽函數。如果什么也不傳,那么就會臨時中斷此ViewModel的屬性監聽功能,所有$watch回調都不會觸發。想恢復也很簡單,調用$watch方法,也是什么也不傳。
我們最后看一下1.3.2新增的跨模塊通信功能,我們通過在$fire的第一個參數一些前綴,就能觸發其他模塊的屬性回調。它們分別是”up!”, “down!”, “all!”。上與下是根據當前ViewModel所在ms-controller元素在DOM樹位置決定的。
- up!xxx, 向上冒泡
- down!xxx, 向下捕獲
- all!xxx, 全局廣播
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>by 司徒正美</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <script src="avalon.js"></script> <script> avalon.define("ancestor", function(vm) { vm.aaa = '1111111111' vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) { avalon.log(v) avalon.log("ancestor.aaa事件被觸發了") }) vm.click = function() { avalon.log("向下廣播") vm.$fire("down!aaa", "capture") } }) avalon.define("parent", function(vm) { vm.text = "222222222" vm.aaa = '3333333333' vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) { avalon.log(v) avalon.log("parent.aaa事件被觸發了") }) vm.click = function() { console.log("全局擴播") vm.$fire("all!aaa", "broadcast") } }) avalon.define("son", function(vm) { vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) { avalon.log(v) avalon.log("son.aaa事件被觸發了") }) vm.click = function() { console.log("向上冒泡") vm.$fire("up!aaa", "bubble") } }) </script> </head> <body class="ms-controller" ms-controller="ancestor"> <h3>avalon vm.$fire的升級版 </h3> <button type="button" ms-click="click"> capture </button> <div ms-controller="parent"> <button type="button" ms-click="click">broadcast</button> <div ms-controller="son"> <button type="button" ms-click="click"> bubble </button> </div> </div> </body> </html>