迷你MVVM框架 avalonjs 學習教程15、屬性監聽與模塊通信


avalon的ViewModel對象從其內部EventManager里繼承了三個方法,$watch、$unwatch、$fire三個方法,它們就是我們本節的主題。

詞如其名,非常直白,一看就知道做什么。我們先從$watch方法說起,它能監聽當前的VM第一層的監控屬性計算屬性,如果某屬性是一個對象,想監控其子孫屬性,就需要定位到此對象上使用$watch回調了。$watch回調會默認傳入先后兩個屬性值。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                aaa: "2",
                bbb: "2",
                $ccc: "1",//這是非監控屬性
                ddd: "1",//這是非監控屬性
                $skipArray: ["ddd"],
                click: function(a) {
                    model[a] = new Date - 0
                }
            })
            model.$watch("aaa", function(a, b) {
                console.log("aaa", a, b)
            })
            model.$watch("bbb", function(a, b) {
                console.log("bbb", a, b)
            })
            model.$watch("$ccc", function(a, b) {
                console.log("$ccc", a, b)
            })
            model.$watch("ddd", function(a, b) {
                console.log("ddd", a, b)
            })
        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

如果屬性非常多,我們可以監聽$all這個特殊的屬性名來得知所有屬性的變動狀況。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                aaa: "2",
                bbb: "2",
                $ccc: "1",
                ddd: "1",
                $skipArray: ["ddd"],
                click: function(a) {
                    model[a] = new Date - 0
                }
            })
            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {
                console.log(name, a, b)
            })

        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

我們也可以用$fire更改屬性值。這樣就可以打破不能觸發非監控屬性的回調的藩蘺,但要注意死循環,需要自己比較新舊值是否真的發生改變才觸發。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                aaa: "2",
                bbb: "2",
                $ccc: "1",
                ddd: "1",
                $skipArray: ["ddd"],
                click: function(a) {
                    var old = model[a]
                    model.$fire(a, new Date - 0, old)
                }
            })
            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {
                console.log(name, a, b)
            })

        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('bbb')">{{bbb}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('$ccc')">{{$ccc}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

注意,$watch回調里是用ecma262 v6 提供的新API Object.is做新舊值比較,它的功能與=== 差不多,但能對付NaN這個自己也不等於自己的怪胎。另,一個對象字面量即便外形看上去一致,也是一個新對象,不會等於原來的。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                aaa: "1111",
                nan: NaN,
                object: {a: 1, b: 2},
                array: [1, 2],
                ddd: "1",
                $skipArray: ["ddd"],
                click: function(a) {
                    if (a == "object") {
                        model[a] = {a: 1, b: 2}
                    } else if (a == "array") {
                        model[a] = [1, 2]
                    } else if (a == "nan") {
                        model[a] = NaN
                    } else {
                        model[a] = "1111"
                    }
                }
            })
            model.$watch("$all", function(name, a, b) {
                console.log(name, a, b)
            })

        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('aaa')">{{aaa}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('nan')">{{nan}}</div>
        <div ms-click="click('object')">
            <div ms-repeat='object'>{{$key}}</div>
        </div>
        <div ms-click="click('array')">
            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>
        </div>
        <div ms-click="click('ddd')">{{ddd}}</div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

對於數組,我們只能監聽數組長度的變化,不能監聽其內部是否發生變化。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                array: [1, 2],
                click: function(a) {
                    model.array.push(new Date - 0)
                }
            })
            model.array.$watch("length", function( a, b) {
                console.log(a, b)
            })

        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('array')">
            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

如果你一定要監聽數組每個元素的變化,可以使用1.3.4新添加的tick函數,這是一個心跳檢測,只要函數返回false就會從檢測列隊中移除。由於是每30ms檢測一次,非常耗性能,因此不用時記得移除。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
        <script src="../avalon.js" ></script>
        <script>
            var ret
            var model = avalon.define({
                $id: "test",
                array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],
                stop: function(){
                    ret = false
                },
                click: function(a) {
                    var index = Math.floor(Math.random() * 8)
                    model.array.set(index, new Date - 0)
                }
            })
            var old = model.$model.array.concat()
            avalon.tick(function() {
                console.log("tick...")
                var now = model.$model.array.concat()
                for (var i = 0, n = now.length; i < n; i++) {
                    if (now[i] !== old[i]) {
                        console.log("第" + i + "個元素發生變化: " + old[i] + " --> " + now[i])
                    }
                }
                old = now
                return ret
            })

        </script>
        <style>
            .ms-hover div:hover{
                background:yellowgreen;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body ms-controller="test" class='ms-hover'>
        <div ms-click="click('array')">
            <div ms-repeat='array'>{{el}}</div>
        </div>
        <button type='button' ms-click='stop'>移除此監聽器</button>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here

稍微說一下 $unwatch的用法,這個不太常用。如果它傳入兩個參數,第一個為屬性名,第二個為回調,那么就會移除此用戶,如果只傳入此屬性名,則移除此屬性的所有監聽函數。如果什么也不傳,那么就會臨時中斷此ViewModel的屬性監聽功能,所有$watch回調都不會觸發。想恢復也很簡單,調用$watch方法,也是什么也不傳。

我們最后看一下1.3.2新增的跨模塊通信功能,我們通過在$fire的第一個參數一些前綴,就能觸發其他模塊的屬性回調。它們分別是”up!”, “down!”, “all!”。上與下是根據當前ViewModel所在ms-controller元素在DOM樹位置決定的。

  • up!xxx, 向上冒泡
  • down!xxx, 向下捕獲
  • all!xxx, 全局廣播

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>by 司徒正美</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <script src="avalon.js"></script>
        <script>
            avalon.define("ancestor", function(vm) {
                vm.aaa = '1111111111'
                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {
                    avalon.log(v)
                    avalon.log("ancestor.aaa事件被觸發了")
                })
                vm.click = function() {
                    avalon.log("向下廣播")
                    vm.$fire("down!aaa", "capture")
                }
            })
            avalon.define("parent", function(vm) {
                vm.text = "222222222"
                vm.aaa = '3333333333'
                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {
                    avalon.log(v)
                    avalon.log("parent.aaa事件被觸發了")
                })
                vm.click = function() {
                    console.log("全局擴播")
                    vm.$fire("all!aaa", "broadcast")
                }
            })
            avalon.define("son", function(vm) {
                vm.$watch("aaa", function(v) {
                    avalon.log(v)
                    avalon.log("son.aaa事件被觸發了")
                })
                vm.click = function() {
                    console.log("向上冒泡")
                    vm.$fire("up!aaa", "bubble")
                }
            })
        </script>
    </head>
    <body class="ms-controller"   ms-controller="ancestor">
        <h3>avalon vm.$fire的升級版 </h3>
        <button type="button" ms-click="click">
            capture
        </button>
        <div ms-controller="parent">
            <button type="button" ms-click="click">broadcast</button>
            <div ms-controller="son">
                <button type="button" ms-click="click">
                    bubble
                </button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

enter image description here


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