先轉一篇
================================我是分割線================================
時間:2013-06-22 13:48來源:未知 作者:admin 點擊:次
$ exp username/password file=expdat.dmp tables=tablename 這是一條經歷了磨難的語句，然而最終也還是修成正果 最開始報錯： EXP-00008: ORACLE error 904 encountered ORA-00904: DBMS_JAVA.LONGNAME: invalid identifier Export terminated successfully
$ exp username/password file=expdat.dmp tables=tablename
這是一條經歷了磨難的語句，然而最終也還是修成正果 :)
最開始報錯：
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 904 encountered
ORA-00904: “DBMS_JAVA”.”LONGNAME”: invalid identifier
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
重新運行了$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql，無效，錯誤依舊。
*具體運行方法
[oracle@10 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
連上db之后在里面通過執行sql郵件來使之生效
SQL>@/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql
(下同，略)
然后運行$ORACLE_HOME/javavm/install/initdbj.sql，重新創建dbms_java包，這個錯誤消失了。
我這邊遇到的情況驗證到這一步就解決了。
再次運行exp，報錯：
Export done in US7ASCII character set and UTF8 NCHAR character set
server uses UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 6552 encountered
ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated
ORA-06553: PLS-553: character set name is not recognized
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
檢查系統環境，發現在props$中字符集是UTF8，但是操作系統環境變量沒有設置NLS_LANG，於是：
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8;export NLS_LANG
再次運行exp，仍然報錯：
Export done in UTF8 character set and UTF8 NCHAR character set
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 6552 encountered
ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated
ORA-06553: PLS-553: character set name is not recognized
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
於是詢問客戶是否有做過字符集的修改，果然，在很久很久以前，他們手動update props$表修改了字符集（手動修改props$是oracle7的招數，在oracle8和oracle9中雖然也能修改，但是會留下修改不干凈的隱患）
首先，確認字符集是否修改的不徹底。
SELECT DISTINCT (NLS_CHARSET_NAME(CHARSETID)) CHARACTERSET,
DECODE(TYPE#,
1,
DECODE(CHARSETFORM,
1,
'VARCHAR2',
2,
'NVARCHAR2',
'UNKOWN'),
9,
DECODE(CHARSETFORM,
1,
'VARCHAR',
2,
'NCHAR VARYING',
'UNKOWN'),
96,
DECODE(CHARSETFORM, 1, 'CHAR', 2, 'NCHAR', 'UNKOWN'),
112,
DECODE(CHARSETFORM, 1, 'CLOB', 2, 'NCLOB', 'UNKOWN')) TYPES_USED_IN
FROM SYS.COL$
WHERE CHARSETFORM IN (1, 2)
AND TYPE# IN (1, 9, 96, 112);
CHARACTERSET TYPES_USED_IN
-------------------- -------------
AL16UTF16 NCHAR
AL16UTF16 NCLOB
AL16UTF16 NVARCHAR2
UTF8 CHAR
UTF8 VARCHAR2
WE8ISO8859P1 CHAR
WE8ISO8859P1 CLOB
WE8ISO8859P1 VARCHAR2
8 rows selected.
確實在數據庫的列屬性中仍然存在着多個字符集的設定，這是導致exp失敗的原因。下面解決這個問題。
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
COL VALUE NEW_VALUE CHARSET
SELECT VALUE FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS WHERE PARAMETER='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
COL VALUE NEW_VALUE NCHARSET
SELECT VALUE FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS WHERE PARAMETER='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';
--INTERNAL_USE是沒有寫在文檔中的參數，用以強制完成字符集一致化
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE &CHARSET;
ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE &NCHARSET;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
-- 再次啟動數據庫一遍
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
按照上面的步驟，一步一步來，一步不要少，完成以后，重新檢索col$表。
CHARACTERSET TYPES_USED_IN
-------------------- -------------
UTF8 CHAR
UTF8 CLOB
UTF8 NCHAR
UTF8 NCLOB
UTF8 NVARCHAR2
UTF8 VARCHAR2
干凈了，再次運行exp，大功告成。
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
(責任編輯：admin)
================================我是分割線================================
然后有個問題不曉得是不是不正常，我這邊在命令行里面直接寫
exp usernam/pwd@dbname file=file.dmp
或exp usernam/pwd@dbname
的時候會出錯。
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 26 11:05:43 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
EXP-00056: ORACLE error 12154 encountered
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
於是我嘗試寫了exp，就可以正常進行了。然后出現的一系列內容的填寫。
[oracle@10 ~]$ exp
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Sep 26 11:16:30 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Username: opr001
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Enter array fetch buffer size: 4096 >【回車】------選擇默認的情況下，直接回車就行了，下同
Export file: expdat.dmp > test0926.dmp
(1)E(ntire database), (2)U(sers), or (3)T(ables): (2)U > 2 *這里我隨便選了2，自己按需選擇順序或者寫縮寫（E，U，T）
Export grants (yes/no): yes >【回車】------默認是yes
Export table data (yes/no): yes >【回車】------默認是yes
Compress extents (yes/no): yes >【回車】------默認是yes
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses JA16SJIS character set (possible charset conversion)
About to export specified users ...
User to be exported: (RETURN to quit) > .. *這里一般默認寫上兩個點【..】
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
完了導出成功，在oracle_home下找到剛才的dmp文件。
*oracle_home為自定義環境變量或者叫安裝目錄吧，同windows系統下面的概念。
我這邊的oracle_home為：/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/