【小記】:最近基於WinForm+Access數據庫完成一個法律咨詢管理系統。本系統要求類似網頁后台管理效果,並且基於局域網內,完成多客戶端操作同一數據庫,根據權限不同分別執行不同功能模塊。核心模塊為級聯統計類型管理、數據庫咨詢數據扇形統計、樹的操作、咨詢數據的管理、手寫分頁、Excel數據的導出、多用戶操作服務器數據等。並支持多用戶同時操作,遠程連接數據庫且對數據IP信息的修改。開發過程中特別對界面的要求和事后多用戶操作顯得略為麻煩。自此,本項目得以完善交付,然后對其進行小結。依舊采用整個框架認識,核心知識逐個梳理分析,以便於二次開發和需要之程序員共享。
篇二:WinForm開發扇形圖統計和Excel數據導出
【開篇】本章概述
開發過程簡介:應客戶需求,在法律咨詢系統中以扇形圖形式進行數據統計。需求如下:(圖表需要統計的數據 各咨詢類型小類的數量、以及占大類的百分比,可隨意組合生成。例如,(以民事 - 婚姻家庭 - 撫養為例)所有民事的占總案件的比例,婚姻家庭占所有民事的比例,撫養占所有婚姻家庭的比例。)現在核心問題在於兩點,第一、如果單級易於把握,但是多級無限組合似乎有難度;第二、web和wpf等開發都有現成的控件或者組件應用經驗,而winfrom的相關控件不熟悉;第三、只能通過網上查詢相關資料,具體查詢結果我做個總結,以供需要之人,免得浪費時間。
一、扇形統計圖解決思路:(以下資料中包含扇形圖、餅狀圖、折線圖)
1 下個MSChart控件,里面可以直接用
2 C#編寫的圖像:http://www.cnblogs.com/ziyiFly/archive/2008/09/24/1297841.html
3 比較簡潔:http://netdz.blog.163.com/blog/static/2106990252012725104054804/
4 參考:http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e75aca858b6630142edac6de.html
但是,最終以上思路還沒有解決問題。因為我采用的直接C#代碼繪制圖片顯示方式,然后圖片pictureBox控件中顯示。這樣會出現至上而下流形式的輸出。使得頁面布局效果很差。最終自己改進后,采用兩個pictureBox控件,一個用於輸出圖片流,另一個用於輸出文字流。實現效果如下(三級實現,下面顯示2級的效果,因為后台核心代碼基本一致)
程序編寫思路:
1、窗體頁面放置兩個pictureBox控件顯示圖片和數據信息.
2、構造Cartogram統計圖類,然后構造方法,最后講控件名和查詢數據文本傳參。Cartogram.CreateTestImage(pictureBox1, pictureBox2, comboBox1.Text);
3、在統計方法中首先模糊查詢獲取總的條目,然后將類型表中所有那列類型數據保存在數組中,以便下面遍歷。
public static ArrayList BindB(string type) { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); string sql = "select * from B_type where aname='" + type + "'"; DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { for (int j = 0; j < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++) { al.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[j]["bname"].ToString()); } } return al; }
4、再進行遍歷數組,查到每個類型的條目,然后比總數獲取百分比進行在圓圖上比例顯示。到此每個類型所占比例的統計圖構造完成,那么怎么打印數目和百分比?
int childtype = 0; ArrayList coun = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { //子事件總數 childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'"); //畫占扇形圖的比例 objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360); currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360; coun.Add(childtype); }
5、依舊采用遍歷方式,將上面遍歷的每個類型條目輸出,然后除總數目轉化成百分比。最后實例化兩個圖片對象進行輸出
for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { kuandu += 20; y += 20; objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu); objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], 20, y, 10, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * 100) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, 200, kuandu); }
6、網頁輸出和窗體輸出的區別?即本代碼適應於網頁和窗體
網頁輸出圖片流:
Response.ContentType = "image/Jpeg"; objbitmap.Save(Response.OutputStream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg); objgraphics.Dispose(); objbitmap.Dispose();
窗體輸出圖片流:
pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap;
pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1;
完整統計圖源碼:

static string date = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static ArrayList BindA() { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); string sql = "select * from A_type"; DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { for (int j = 0; j < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++) { al.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[j]["name"].ToString()); } } return al; } public static ArrayList BindB(string type) { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); string sql = "select * from B_type where aname='" + type + "'"; DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { for (int j = 0; j < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++) { al.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[j]["bname"].ToString()); } } return al; } public static ArrayList BindC(string type) { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); string sql = "select * from C_type where bname='" + type + "'"; DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { for (int j = 0; j < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++) { al.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[j]["cname"].ToString()); } } return al; } //一級統計圖 public static void CreateTestImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2) { ArrayList a = BindA(); //把連接字串指定為一個常量 float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("select count(*) from L_consult");//獲取總的條目數 #region //設置字體,fonttitle為主標題的字體 Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", 9); Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold); //背景寬 int width = 350; int bufferspace = 15; int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * 12 + bufferspace; //高度 int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace; int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高 int pieheight = width; Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(0, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各種隨機色 ArrayList colors = new ArrayList(); Random rnd = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)))); //創建一個bitmap實例 Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //畫一個白色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0, width, height); //畫一個亮黃色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下為畫餅圖(有幾行row畫幾個) float currentdegree = 0.0f; #endregion int childtype = 0; ArrayList coun = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { //子事件總數 childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'"); //畫子事件總數 objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360); currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360; coun.Add(childtype); } //以下為生成主標題 SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue); string title = " 律師事務所統計餅狀圖: " + "\n \n\n"; StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat(); stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center; stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center; objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(0, 10, width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段與得數目 objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, 2), 0, 0, 400, 400); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨詢事件統計信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, 0, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("統計單位: " + "律師事務所", fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40); objgraphics1.DrawString("統計年份: " + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 70); objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨詢總數: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 100); int kuandu = 100; int y = 100; int x = 40; for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { kuandu += 30; y += 30; objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu); objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], 20, y, 10, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * 100) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, 160, kuandu); } pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap; pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1; } //二級統計圖 public static void CreateTestImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2, string type) { ArrayList a = BindB(type); //把連接字串指定為一個常量 float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + type + "%" + "'");//獲取總的條目數 #region //設置字體,fonttitle為主標題的字體 Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", 9); Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold); //背景寬 int width = 350; int bufferspace = 15; int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * 12 + bufferspace; //高度 int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace; int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高 int pieheight = width; Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(0, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各種隨機色 ArrayList colors = new ArrayList(); Random rnd = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)))); //創建一個bitmap實例 Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //畫一個白色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0, width, height); //畫一個亮黃色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下為畫餅圖(有幾行row畫幾個) float currentdegree = 0.0f; #endregion int childtype = 0; ArrayList coun = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { //子事件總數 childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'"); //畫占扇形圖的比例 objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360); currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360; coun.Add(childtype); } //以下為生成主標題 SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue); string title = " 律師事務所統計餅狀圖: " + "\n \n\n"; StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat(); stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center; stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center; objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(0, 10, width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段與得數目 objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, 2), 0, 0, 500, 500); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨詢事件統計信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, 0, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("統計單位: " + "律師事務所", fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40); // objgraphics1.DrawString("【統計時間:】" + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40); objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨詢總數: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 60); int kuandu = 60; int y = 60; int x = 40; for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { kuandu += 20; y += 20; objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu); objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], 20, y, 10, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * 100) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, 200, kuandu); } pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap; pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1; } //三級統計圖 public static void CreateThreeImage(PictureBox pictureBox1, PictureBox pictureBox2, string bname) { ArrayList a = BindC(bname); //把連接字串指定為一個常量 float Total = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + bname + "%" + "'");//獲取總的條目數 #region //設置字體,fonttitle為主標題的字體 Font fontlegend = new Font("verdana", 9); Font fonttitle = new Font("verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold); //背景寬 int width = 350; int bufferspace = 15; int legendheight = fontlegend.Height * 12 + bufferspace; //高度 int titleheight = fonttitle.Height + bufferspace; int height = width + legendheight + titleheight + bufferspace;//白色背景高 int pieheight = width; Rectangle pierect = new Rectangle(0, titleheight, width, pieheight); //加上各種隨機色 ArrayList colors = new ArrayList(); Random rnd = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 80; i++) colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255)))); //創建一個bitmap實例 Bitmap objbitmap = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap); Bitmap objbitmap1 = new Bitmap(width, height); Graphics objgraphics1 = Graphics.FromImage(objbitmap1); //畫一個白色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.White), 0, 0, width, height); //畫一個亮黃色背景 objgraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.Beige), pierect); //以下為畫餅圖(有幾行row畫幾個) float currentdegree = 0.0f; #endregion int childtype = 0; ArrayList coun = new ArrayList(); for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { //子事件總數 childtype = MYHelper.SQLHelper.ExecuteScalar("Select count(*) From L_consult Where type Like '" + "%" + a[i].ToString() + "%" + "'"); //畫通過人數 objgraphics.FillPie((SolidBrush)colors[i], pierect, currentdegree, Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360); currentdegree += Convert.ToSingle(childtype) / Total * 360; coun.Add(childtype); } //以下為生成主標題 SolidBrush blackbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black); SolidBrush bluebrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue); string title = " 律師事務所統計餅狀圖: " + "\n \n\n"; StringFormat stringFormat = new StringFormat(); stringFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center; stringFormat.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center; objgraphics.DrawString(title, fonttitle, blackbrush, new Rectangle(0, 10, width, titleheight), stringFormat); //列出各字段與得數目 objgraphics1.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.White, 2), 0, 0, 400, 500); objgraphics1.DrawString("---------------咨詢事件統計信息---------------------", fontlegend, bluebrush, 0, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("統計單位: " + "律師事務所", fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40); // objgraphics1.DrawString("【統計時間:】" + date, fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 40); objgraphics1.DrawString("事件咨詢總數: " + Convert.ToString(Total), fontlegend, blackbrush, 40, 60); int kuandu = 60; int y = 60; int x = 40; for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; i++) { kuandu += 20; y += 20; objgraphics1.DrawString(a[i] + "事件: " + (coun[i]), fontlegend, blackbrush, x, kuandu); objgraphics1.FillRectangle((SolidBrush)colors[i], 20, y, 10, 10); objgraphics1.DrawString("所占比率: " + Convert.ToString((Convert.ToSingle(coun[i]) / Total) * 100) + " %", fontlegend, blackbrush, 220, kuandu); } pictureBox1.Image = objbitmap; pictureBox2.Image = objbitmap1; }
二、對當前頁數據和全部數據導出的功能實現
首先咱們還是看看效果,然后我說下思路,最后查看源碼:
注釋:當用戶點擊導出當前頁,則以Excel形式導出當前頁信息,當用戶關閉時候,提示是否保存。這樣既可以達到查詢效果,也可以根據需求進行保存。當然導出所有頁效果一樣。
思路:在方法中傳入兩個參數(數據源控件名DataGridView,布爾值flag),在方法中對DataGridView進行遍歷打印出標頭,然后在對各列數據進行填充。最后通過控件器flag控制,如果flag==true,則進行數據保存關閉Excel,如果false直接關閉
補充:有時候,在導出Excel時候,不希望直接顯示關閉時保存,即如上方法。希望直接彈窗,提示保存物理路徑進行保存。在如下代碼,將兩種形式實現方法都進行粘貼出來。
方法一、關閉時保存

#region DataGridView數據顯示到Excel /// <summary> /// 打開Excel並將DataGridView控件中數據導出到Excel /// </summary> /// <param name="dgv">DataGridView對象 </param> /// <param name="isShowExcle">是否顯示Excel界面 </param> /// <remarks> /// add com "Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library" /// using Excel=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; /// </remarks> /// <returns> </returns> public bool DataGridviewShowToExcel(DataGridView dgv, bool isShowExcle) { try { if (dgv.Rows.Count == 0) return false; //建立Excel對象 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application excel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); excel.Application.Workbooks.Add(true); excel.Visible = isShowExcle; //生成字段名稱 for (int i = 0; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++) { excel.Cells[1, i + 1] = dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText; } //填充數據 for (int i = 0; i < dgv.RowCount; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dgv.ColumnCount; j++) { if (dgv[j, i].ValueType == typeof(string)) { excel.Cells[i + 2, j + 1] = "'" + dgv[j, i].Value.ToString(); } else { excel.Cells[i + 2, j + 1] = dgv[j, i].Value.ToString(); } } } return true; } catch { return false; } } #endregion
方法二、直接提示保存

#region DateGridView導出到csv格式的Excel /// <summary> /// 常用方法,列之間加\t,一行一行輸出,此文件其實是csv文件,不過默認可以當成Excel打開。 /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// using System.IO; /// </remarks> /// <param name="dgv"></param> public void DataGridViewToExcel(DataGridView dgv) { SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog(); dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls"; dlg.FilterIndex = 0; dlg.RestoreDirectory = true; dlg.CreatePrompt = true; dlg.Title = "保存為Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { Stream myStream; myStream = dlg.OpenFile(); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(myStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(-0)); string columnTitle = ""; try { //寫入列標題 for (int i = 0; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++) { if (i > 0) { columnTitle += "\t"; } columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText; } sw.WriteLine(columnTitle); //寫入列內容 for (int j = 0; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++) { string columnValue = ""; for (int k = 0; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++) { if (k > 0) { columnValue += "\t"; } if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null) columnValue += ""; else columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim(); } sw.WriteLine(columnValue); } sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(e.ToString()); } finally { sw.Close(); myStream.Close(); } } } #endregion
【篇中】技術梳理
1、如何點擊按鈕顯示彈窗保存或者加載文件?

SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog(); dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls"; dlg.FilterIndex = 0; dlg.RestoreDirectory = true; dlg.CreatePrompt = true; dlg.Title = "保存為Excel文件"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { 。。。。。 }
2、如何遍歷數據控件的列名並寫入Excel?

for (int i = 0; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++) { if (i > 0) { columnTitle += "\t"; } columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText; } sw.WriteLine(columnTitle);
3、如何遍歷數據逐行寫入Excel?

//寫入列內容 for (int j = 0; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++) { string columnValue = ""; for (int k = 0; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++) { if (k > 0) { columnValue += "\t"; } if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null) columnValue += ""; else columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim(); } sw.WriteLine(columnValue); } sw.Close(); myStream.Close();
4、怎么使用集合保存數據?

public static ArrayList BindA() { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); string sql = "select * from A_type"; DataSet ds = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetSetData(sql); if (ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0) { for (int j = 0; j < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; j++) { al.Add(ds.Tables[0].Rows[j]["name"].ToString()); } } return al; }
5、怎樣顯示隨機顏色?

Random rnd = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) colors.Add(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255), rnd.Next(255))));
【篇末】項目小結
到此為止,本篇介紹了窗體顯示扇形圖的思想和代碼。並且提供了支持網頁和窗體共享的通用源碼,在這個過程中推薦了幾遍相關的技術文檔。然后又針對導出Excel不同效果的分析與總結,結合第一遍實現上整天核心點已經講完。其他簡單的功能沒有在文章中贅述。下章主要介紹,在配置遠程連接數據庫遇到問題,以及如何解決問題,關於vpn和ftp是摸索中遇到的,到時候一並介紹。另外如何在服務器分享文件,控制文件讀寫權限。客戶端如何遠程連接服務器數據庫等關於配置安裝問題。