Android -- 重寫BaseAdapter以及對ListView的優化


背景                                                                                   

對於ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等,它是它們的適配器,直接繼承自接口類Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter時需要重寫很多方法,其中最重要的當屬getView,因為這會涉及到ListView優化等問題,BaseAdapter與其他Adapter有些不一樣,其他的Adapter可以直接在其構造方法中進行數據的設置:

SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.list_item, new String[]{"img","title","info",new int[]{R.id.img, R.id.title, R.id.info}});

但是在BaseAdapter中需要實現一個繼承自BaseAdapter的類,並且重寫里面的很多方法:

class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
    {
        private Context context;
        public MyAdapter(Context context)
        {
            this.context = context;
        }
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            // How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.(在此適配器中所代表的數據集中的條目數)
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            // Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.(獲取數據集中與指定索引對應的數據項)
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            // Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.(取在列表中與指定索引對應的行id)
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            // Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
            return null;
        }
        
    }

沒有任何處理,不建議這樣寫。                                                     

如果數據量少看將就,但是如果列表項數據量很大的時候,會每次都重新創建View,設置資源,嚴重影響性能,所以從一開始就不要用這種方式。

@Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
            ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) 
            TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
            TextView info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
            img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            title.setText("Hello");
            info.setText("world");
            
            return item;
        }

ListView優化                                                                          

通過緩存convertView,這種利用緩存contentView的方式可以判斷如果緩存中不存在View才創建View,如果已經存在可以利用緩存中的View,提升了性能。

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            if(convertView == null)
            {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
            }
            
            ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img) 
            TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
            TextView info = (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
            img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            title.setText("Hello");
            info.setText("world");
            
            return convertView;
        }

ListView再優化                                                                       

通過convertView+ViewHolder來實現,ViewHolder就是一個靜態類,使用 ViewHolder 的關鍵好處是緩存了顯示數據的視圖(View),加快了 UI 的響應速度

當我們判斷 convertView == null  的時候,如果為空,就會根據設計好的List的Item布局(XML),來為convertView賦值,並生成一個viewHolder來綁定converView里面的各個View控件(XML布局里面的那些控件)。再用convertView的setTag將viewHolder設置到Tag中,以便系統第二次繪制ListView時從Tag中取出。(看下面代碼中)

如果convertView不為空的時候,就會直接用convertView的getTag(),來獲得一個ViewHolder。

//在外面先定義,ViewHolder靜態類
    static class ViewHolder
    {
        public ImageView img;
        public TextView title;
        public TextView info;
    }
//然后重寫getView
        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder holder;
            if(convertView == null)
            {
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
                holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img) 
                holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
                holder.info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
                convertView.setTag(holder);

                holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
                holder.title.setText("Hello"); holder.info.setText("World");

}
else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher); holder.title.setText("Hello"); holder.info.setText("World"); } return convertView; }
  • 提升Adapter的兩種方法

To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques:
-It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary

(譯:重用緩存convertView傳遞給getView()方法來避免填充不必要的視圖)
-It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary

  • (譯:使用ViewHolder模式來避免沒有必要的調用findViewById():因為太多的findViewById也會影響性能)
    ViewHolder類的作用
    -The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view returned by getView().This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to, thus avoiding calling to findViewById() every time getView() is invoked

(譯:ViewHolder模式通過getView()方法返回的視圖的標簽(Tag)中存儲一個數據結構,這個數據結構包含了指向我們要綁定數據的視圖的引用,從而避免每次調用getView()的時候調用findViewById())

我是天王蓋地虎的分割線                                                             


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