在CentOS上把MySQL從5.5升級到5.6


在CentOS上把MySQL從5.5升級到5.6

摘要:本文記錄了在CentOS 6.3上,把MySQL從5.5.28升級到5.6.19的過程。

1. 概述

在我做的一個項目中,最近我對生產服務器上的一系列系統軟件進行了升級,包括Git、Nginx、MySQL和PHP。這篇文章講的是升級MySQL的過程,其他軟件的升級,可見下面列出的文章。

在我加入這個項目之前,服務器上的MySQL已經安裝設置好了,我只是正常使用而已。現在過去1年了,應該適當升級服務器上的軟件了。升級這種事情是應當經常做的,倒不是為了追最新版本,而是當正式版本發放出來的時候,應該及時更新, 以便獲得最新的更正、補丁,避免服務器上的漏洞,減少安全隱患。

升級是在今年6月11-12日進行的,到今天才有空做個記錄,便於日后參考。

動手之前,查找了很多資料,因為MySQL要比之前升級的Git和Nginx要復雜多了。我在參考資料中列出了我所能找到作為依據的文檔,可供參考。

2. 計划

我們使用的服務器是阿里雲的,服務器的操作系統是CentOS 6.3。登錄管理界面,發現共有兩塊物理硬盤,一塊系統盤,一塊數據盤,而我們只使用了系統盤,數據盤一直空着沒用。所以,計划就變成:

  1. 加載數據硬盤
  2. 升級MySQL的同時,遷移MySQL數據到數據硬盤上。

3. 加載數據硬盤

下面的操作需要以超級管理員root的身份登錄服務器進行操作。

3.1 查看硬盤

首先,查看硬盤使用情況:

# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 2550 20480000 83 Linux /dev/xvda2 2550 2611 490496 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 20G 9.4G 11G 48% / tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm

可以看到,邏輯盤/dev/xvda1是位於根目錄(/),/dev/xvda2是系統緩存(swap)。第二塊物理硬盤/dev/xvdb的大小是21.5 GB,沒有加載和使用,我們可以把它加載,並把MySQL的數據遷移到第二塊物理硬盤上,把對系統盤和數據庫的硬盤訪問分流,希望這樣一定程度上可以提高訪問MySQL數據庫的性能。

3.2 格式化數據硬盤

格式化第二塊物理硬盤:

# mke2fs -j /dev/xvdb
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks 262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式化順利完成。

3.3 加載數據硬盤

下面,加載第二塊物理硬盤為/data目錄:

# mount /dev/xvdb /data

這個命令沒有反饋,當時我有點兒吃驚和失落。因為這許多命令我也都是第一次從網上查到,第一次使用,對於它們的輸出和結果,都有一種第一次坐過山車般的期待、興奮、好奇和不確定,每一次的輸出對於我都是新的,你不知道翻過面前這個坡之后會出現什么!

再用下面的命令查看新的邏輯盤:

# df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 20G 9.3G 11G 48% / tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb 20G 173M 19G 1% /data

可以看到/dev/xvdb是第二塊物理硬盤!激動,成功了!

用下面的命令查看加載(mount)的類型:

# mount
/dev/xvda1 on / type xfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) /dev/xvdb on /data type ext3 (rw)

到這里,第二塊物理硬盤加載成功,下面該yum出場了。

4. 升級MySQL的計划

不好意思,yum同學,編劇說你還要等下一幕。

升級MySQL時,又做了兩個計划:

  • 當然,首先要備份所有的數據庫數據
  • 計划A: 使用參考資料[6]的方法,添加安裝庫,用yum update升級
  • 計划B: 用yum卸載MySQL 5.5,再安裝MySQL 5.6

5. 計划A: yum update

下面大部分命令都需要在超級管理員root的權限下運行。

5.1 備份所有的數據庫

用mysqldump來備份所有的數據庫數據:

# mysqldump -u <db管理員用戶名> -p --all-databases > 2014-06-12_all-db.sql

會提示輸入密碼,然后2014-06-11_all-db.sql就是備份數據,如果不想放在當前目錄下,可以在上面的命令行上指定路徑。

當然,也建議你單獨備份每個用戶數據庫:

# mysqldump -u <db管理員用戶名> -p mydb > 2014-06-12_mydb.sql

妥善保存這些非常重要的數據庫備份文件。

5.2 查看MySQL的版本

用下面的命令查看MySQL的版本:

# mysql --version
mysql  Version 14.14 Distrib 5.5.28, for Linux (x86_64) using reeadline 5.1

可見,當前的MySQL的版本是5.5.28。

5.3 添加MySQL的yum安裝庫

這是參照參考資料[7]來做的,后來發現[6]的方法更好:

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# yum list | grep mysql

這樣很多更新的MySQL安裝包就都有了。

如有必要,運行下面的命令確保yum安裝庫是最新的:

# yum update mysql-community-release

5.4 用yum查看MySQL安裝相關信息

用下面的命令查看安裝了什么:

# yum list installed | grep ^mysql
mysql-community-release.noarch

其中,^mysql是指以mysql開頭的安裝包。

用下面的命令查看安裝了的和可用的安裝包:

# yum info mysql-server
Installed Packages
Name        : MySQL-Server
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 5.5.28
Release     : 1.linux2.6
Repo        : installed
Available Packages
Name        : mysql-server
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 5.1.73
Release     : 3.el6_5
Repo        : updates

這里不知道為啥可用的安裝包沒有顯示MySQL 5.6的。

檢查可用的安裝包:

# yum check-update mysql-server
Obsoleting Packages
mysql-community-client.x86_64      5.6.19-2.el6           mysql56-community
    MySQL-client.x86_64            5.5.28-1.linux2.6      installed
mysql-community-devel.x86_64       5.6.19-2.el6           mysql56-community
    MySQL-devel.x86_64             5.5.28-1.linux2.6      installed
mysql-community-server.x86_64      5.6.19-2.el6           mysql56-community
    MySQL-server.x86_64            5.5.28-1.linux2.6      installed

可見,MySQL 5.6的安裝包都算community版本了。

5.5 升級MySQL及其組件

運行下面的命令:

# yum update mysql-server
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                   Arch      Version         Repository            Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-client    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community     18 M
     replacing  MySQL-client.x86_64 5.5.28-1.linux2.6
 mysql-community-server    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community     52 M
     replacing  MySQL-server.x86_64 5.5.28-1.linux2.6
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-common    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community    298 k
 mysql-community-libs      x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community    1.9 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       4 Package(s)

后面的輸出省略了。可見有4個安裝包(共70多MB)要下載、安裝。結果,下載用了80分鍾。

但安裝遇到問題了:

Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test


Transaction Check Error:
  file /usr/bin/mysql_config from install of mysql-community-client-5.6.19-2.el6
.x86_64 conflicts with file from package MySQL-devel-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86)64

Error Summary
-------------

可以看到出錯了,搜索了一陣兒,也沒搞明白。隨即停止A計划(和成龍的電影沒關系),改用B計划。

6. 計划B: 用yum卸載再安裝

可以預料,這個計划要多折騰一些。仍然需要在超級管理員root的權限下運行下面的命令。

6.1 停止web服務器

這時為了避免用戶訪問網站時,看到數據庫連接失敗這樣的錯誤信息。到這時我才想起這一點來,還是對用戶關懷不夠,應該在有可能宕掉網站的操作之前就做的。

因為使用的是Nginx,所以運行下面的命令:

# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]

6.2 卸載MySQL 5.5.28

一共有3個包要卸載。

先卸載mysql-server包:

# yum remove mysql mysql-server
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package            Arch         Version                  Repository       Size
================================================================================
Removing:
 MySQL-server       x86_64       5.5.28-1.linux2.6        installed       153 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)

Installed size: 153 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Erasing    : MySQL-server-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                        1/1
  Verifying  : MySQL-server-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                        1/1

Removed:
  MySQL-server.x86_64 0:5.5.28-1.linux2.6

Complete!

再卸載mysql-client:

# yum remove mysql-client
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package            Arch         Version                  Repository       Size
================================================================================
Removing:
 MySQL-client       x86_64       5.5.28-1.linux2.6        installed        57 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)

Installed size: 57 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing    : MySQL-client-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                        1/1
  Verifying  : MySQL-client-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                        1/1

Removed:
  MySQL-client.x86_64 0:5.5.28-1.linux2.6

Complete!
View Code

最后卸載mysql-devel:

# yum remove mysql-devel
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package           Arch         Version                   Repository       Size
================================================================================
Removing:
 MySQL-devel       x86_64       5.5.28-1.linux2.6         installed        20 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Remove        1 Package(s)

Installed size: 20 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Erasing    : MySQL-devel-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                         1/1
  Verifying  : MySQL-devel-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.x86_64                         1/1

Removed:
  MySQL-devel.x86_64 0:5.5.28-1.linux2.6

Complete!
View Code

3個包的卸載都順利完成。

6.3 安裝MySQL 5.6.19

安裝比卸載更簡單,因為yum會自動檢查依賴安裝包:

# yum install mysql-server
Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package                   Arch      Version         Repository            Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-server    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community     52 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community     18 M
 mysql-community-common    x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community    298 k
 mysql-community-libs      x86_64    5.6.19-2.el6    mysql56-community    1.9 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       4 Package(s)

Total size: 72 M
Installed size: 323 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   1/4
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                     2/4
  Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   3/4
  Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   4/4
warning: /etc/my.cnf created as /etc/my.cnf.rpmnew
/bin/chmod: cannot access `': No such file or directory
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   1/4
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                     2/4
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   3/4
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.6.19-2.el6.x86_64                   4/4

Installed:
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.19-2.el6

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.19-2.el6
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.19-2.el6
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.19-2.el6

Complete!

由於篇幅關系,輸出有所縮略。一切順利,繼續!

預告:繁瑣的事情這才開始。

6.4 更改MySQL配置,來使用數據硬盤

更改\etc\my.cnf,下面只列出更改的相關設置:

[mysqld]
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
# data path changed to 2nd physical hard disk /dev/xvdb after upgrading from MySQL 5.5 to MySQL 5.6
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql

如果你也更改了數據目錄,最后一行的 datadir = /data/mysql 切不可遺漏,我就是因為這一行實際上沒有及時改,還是指向舊的數據目錄,導致數據升級失敗,直到升級數據之后才發現,在下文中有詳細論述。

6.5 啟動MySQL服務

啟動服務:

# service mysql start
mysql: unrecognized service

居然出錯了!只好直接運行MySQL的daemon:

# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

后來才知道,mysql是MySQL 5.5的服務名稱,到了MySQL 5.6服務就改名為mysqld了。所以,其實這里可以運行service mysqld start的。

6.6 升級MySQL數據庫及表

按照參考資料[6],到這時,MySQL的程序已經升級完畢,要升級數據了。

先把舊數據目錄下的所有文件都拷貝到新的數據目錄下。可惜,這里的命令在我的工作日志中沒有記錄,日后找到再不上。不過這是基本的Linux命令,就算你不知道,也一定能在網上找到。

然后運行下面的命令:

# mysql_upgrade -uroot -p
Enter password:
Looking for 'mysql' as: mysql
Looking for 'mysqlcheck' as: mysqlcheck
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=<為安全故略去>' '--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=<為安全故略去>' '--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
mysql.db                                           OK
mysql.event                                        OK
mysql.func                                         OK
# ... ... 為省略篇幅故略去 ... ...
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user                                         OK
Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'...
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=<為安全故略去>' '--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Running 'mysqlcheck' with connection arguments: '--port=<為安全故略去>' '--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mydb.table1                                         OK
mydb.table2                                         OK
# ... ... 為省略篇幅故略去 ... ...
mydb.table793                                       OK
mydb.table794                                       OK
OK

到這里發現,數據庫有問題,數據升級並未成功。原因就是之前提及的,升級數據時\etc\my.cnf中的數據目錄(即datadir = 這一行)還是指向舊的數據目錄,我猜想這導致一些操作發生了混亂。

這時我感覺到難免的慌張和混亂,之后我做了一些嘗試:

  • 重復升級數據的過程,結果依舊
  • 嘗試修復缺失或者損毀的系統數據庫中的5個數據表,結果發現文檔猶如進入了一個迷宮,不得要領。

不得不就此作罷。

6.7 重新創建數據目錄

看起來由於我之前的疏忽,數據庫已經在上一步升級數據中被損毀了!

這時候,你能做什么!谷歌(或者百度)就是你當前最好的朋友!

在冒汗和揪頭發的折磨中,總算找到了根救命稻草mysql_install_db,詳見參考資料[9],這個命令可以重新創建數據目錄,這就意味着重新創建系統數據庫mysql,也意味着現有的用戶數據庫都將被清除。這時,你會感謝上帝、佛祖、聖母和玉皇大帝,如果你在最開始對所有的數據庫做了備份的話。回頭看一下我們在5.1 備份所有的數據庫做的事情,就知道這是多么重要了!有了備份,我們就可以恢復所有的數據庫了!

先要做的,是在MySQL的配置文件中設置正確的數據目錄。再次更改\etc\my.cnf,下面只列出更改的相關設置:

[mysqld] datadir = /data/mysql

然后,祭出我們的救命稻草mysql_install_db來重新創建數據目錄(如果你想知道該命令的詳細參數,可見參考資料[9]):

# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...2014-06-13 00:35:17 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.19 started; log sequence number 44199093
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Warning] InnoDB: Cannot open table mysql/innodb_table_stats from the internal data dictionary of InnoDB though the .frm file for the table exists. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how you can resolve the problem.
ERROR: 1146  Table 'mysql.innodb_table_stats' doesn't exist
2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [ERROR] Aborting

2014-06-13 00:35:17 11574 [Note] Binlog end
2014-06-13 00:35:18 11574 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2014-06-13 00:35:18 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2014-06-13 00:35:19 11574 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 44199103
2014-06-13 00:35:19 11574 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

又出錯了!別慌,這是因為數據目錄並未清空,其中還有之前損毀的數據庫文件。

刪除當前的數據目錄。我實際做的是把 /data/mysql 改名為 /data/mysql.bak2,效果一樣,/data/mysql 目錄不存在了,只是我做了個物理文件備份。

再次重建數據目錄:

# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...2014-06-13 00:46:06 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file /data/mysql/ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file /data/mysql/ibdata1 size to 12 MB
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
2014-06-13 00:46:06 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
2014-06-13 00:46:07 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-06-13 00:46:09 11654 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.19 started; log sequence number 0
2014-06-13 00:46:10 11654 [Note] Binlog end
2014-06-13 00:46:10 11654 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2014-06-13 00:46:10 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11654 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977
OK

Filling help tables...2014-06-13 00:46:12 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.19 started; log sequence number 1625977
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] Binlog end
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
2014-06-13 00:46:12 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
2014-06-13 00:46:14 11678 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987
OK

后面還有一些輸出,只是一些說明,關於如何准備MySQL的服務、如何設置管理員密碼、等等。

好了,到這里,看起來總算恢復都正常了。

繼續,設置管理員密碼:

# mysqladmin -u root password '********'

6.8 恢復用戶數據庫

這時,只是重建了系統數據庫mysql,原先的用戶數據庫都沒了。要先創建(空的)用戶數據庫,然后從備份恢復。

進入MySQL命令行:

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.6.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

再創建用戶數據庫:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE `mydb`;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

這時,mydb數據庫還是空的。從之前的數據庫備份恢復mydb:

# mysql -u root -p mydb < 2014-06-12_mydb.sql
Enter password:

用戶數據庫順利恢復。

6.9 設置服務(daemon)在機器啟動時啟動

開啟mysqld服務的開機啟動狀態:

# chkconfig mysqld on

再查看:

# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

正確!繼續。

6.10 重啟web服務器

對應於6.1 停止web服務器,我們要再次開啟網站、允許用戶訪問了:

# service nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

測試網站,一切正常!

6.11 修改CakePHP中數據庫連接的設置

其實網站還有點兒小問題,不過這和MySQL升級無關,只是作為完整的實際過程,記錄在這里。

實際上這時還是無法訪問網站的,訪問網站主頁時遇到下面的錯誤:

2014-06-13 01:07:23 Warning: Warning (2): mysql_connect() [<a href='http://php.net/function.mysql-connect'>function.mysql-connect</a>]: No such file or directory in [/usr/share/nginx/.../cake/libs/model/datasources/dbo/dbo_mysql.php, line 561]

根據參考資料[11],修改CakePHP 1.3代碼中的app/config/database.php:

class DATABASE_CONFIG {
    public $default = array(
        'datasource' => 'Database/Mysql',
        'persistent' => false,
        'host' => 'localhost',
        'login' => 'username',
        'password' => 'password',
        'database' => 'mydb',
        'prefix' => ''
        ,'encoding' => 'utf8'
        ,'port' => '/data/mysql/mysql.sock'
    );

如上所示,增加了port的設置。注意,這只適用於*nix系統,Windows上是不需要這樣的。另,CakePHP 2.x的設置與此略有不同,請參考相關文檔。

這樣網站就能正常訪問了。

A. 參考資料

  1. 阿里雲,盛大雲安裝LUM 硬盤加載方法說明
    http://www.zijidelu.org/thread-47267-1-1.html
  2. 阿里雲新購買的linux數據盤,加載方法
    http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_467eb8ca0101mniu.html
  3. ext3 or ext4 how to check which one am using?
    http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1284789
  4. 在阿里雲Linux服務器上安裝MySQL
    http://www.blogjava.net/amigoxie/archive/2013/02/22/395605.html
  5. Basic Yum Commands and how to use them
    http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/YumCommands
  6. Using the MySQL Yum Repository :: 3 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository
    http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/5.6/en/updating-yum-repo.html
  7. [研究] MySQL Community 5.6.15 版安裝(yum) (CentOS 6.5 x64)
    http://shaurong.blogspot.sg/2014/01/mysql-community-5615-tgz-centos-65-x64.html
  8. How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to MySQL 5.6 on CentOS 6.3/Red-hat/Fedora
    http://opensourcedbms.com/dbms/how-to-upgrade-mysql-5-5-to-mysql-5-6-on-centos-6-3-red-hat-fedora/
  9. MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 4.4.3 mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory
    http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-install-db.html
  10. mysql_install_db: How to set the root password
    http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/31308/mysql-install-db-how-to-set-the-root-password
  11. CakePHP: No such file or directory (trying to connect via unix:///var/mysql/mysql.sock)
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3968013/cakephp-no-such-file-or-directory-trying-to-connect-via-unix-var-mysql-mysq


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM