本文詳細介紹了新版本的u-boot-2014_04在tq2440平台上的移植過程，期間參考了網上的其他移植文檔，還有韋東山的移植uboot視頻，講的很好。下面是共享鏈接，歡迎下載，一同學習。其中有移植文檔和patch。
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGxEYQq
作者: 彭東林
QQ： 405728433
二、 配置時鍾
三、 移植NOR FLASH
四、 移植網卡DM9000
五、 支持NAND FLASH讀寫
六、 修改代碼支持NOR FLASH啟動
七、 保存環境變量到NAND FLASH並添加分區
八、 支持NAND FLASH啟動
九、 支持燒寫yaffs文件系統
十、 添加NAND FLASH 硬件ECC
十一、 最后
十二、 制作補丁
十三、 用到的一些命令：
到官網http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下載u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2
解壓后在board/samsung/目錄下仍然沒有2440,雖然沒有直接支持2440開發板,但其代碼已經支持,只需添加相關配置即可。
拷貝board/samsung/smdk2410/目錄到board/tq2440
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp -a board/samsung/smdk2410/ board/tq2440
進入board/tq2440目錄修改
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04/board/tq2440$ mv smdk2410.c tq2440.c
修改該目錄下的Makefile
obj-y := tq2440.o
拷貝配置文件(使用相似的smdk2410開發板的配置文件)
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tq2440.h
增加開發板配置選項
在頂層目錄下的Makefile中搜索不到smdk2410
在頂層目錄執行如下命令
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "smdk2410" * -nR
./boards.cfg:74:
smdk2410 arm arm920t - samsung s3c24x0
./MAINTAINERS:774: smdk2410 ARM920T
./board/samsung/smdk2410/Makefile:28:COBJS := smdk2410.o
./board/tq2440/Makefile:28:COBJS := smdk2410.o
./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1646:# define machine_is_smdk2410() (machine_arch_type == MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410)
./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1648:# define machine_is_smdk2410() (0)
從這里知道在頂層目錄下的boards.cfg文件中定義了smdk2410開發板的配置選項，仿照它定義TQ2440開發板的配置選項
# # Status, Arch, CPU:SPLCPU, SoC, Vendor, Board name, Target, Options, Maintainers
###########################################################################################################
Active arm arm920t s3c24x0 - tq2440 tq2440 - -
由於我在board目錄下創建開發板目錄，所以Vendor指定為空
先大致看一下配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h
/*
* High Level Configuration Options
* (easy to change)
*/
#define CONFIG_ARM920T /* This is an ARM920T Core */
#define CONFIG_S3C24X0 /* in a SAMSUNG S3C24x0-type SoC */
#define CONFIG_S3C2410 /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */
#define CONFIG_SMDK2410 /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */
這里是高級別的一些配置，配置了S3C2410 SoC和SMDK2410 Board，跟我使用的開發板不一致
根據我自己的開發板tq2440進行如下配置
//#define CONFIG_S3C2410 /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */
#define CONFIG_S3C2440
//#define CONFIG_SMDK2410 /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */
#define CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE //開啟命令自動補全
#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT "TQ2440 # " // 命令提示符
屏蔽一些暫時不用的支持，用的時候再加上
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CS8900 /* we have a CS8900 on-board */
#define CONFIG_CS8900_BASE 0x19000300
#define CONFIG_CS8900_BUS16 /* the Linux driver does accesses as shorts */
#endif
#if 0
#define CONFIG_USB_OHCI
#define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD
#define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE
#define CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION
#endif
//#define CONFIG_CMD_DHCP
//#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND
//#define CONFIG_CMD_PING
//#define CONFIG_CMD_REGINFO
//#define CONFIG_CMD_USB
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
看下鏈接腳本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds
CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)
從這里可以知道u-boot執行的第一個文件是arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
上面幾行代碼是針對S3C2410的
添加時鍾初始化代碼如下
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x3ff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
# endif
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
ldr r1, =0x7fff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK // 屏蔽子中斷
str r1, [r0]
# endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)
# define MPLLCON 0x4C000004 //系統主頻配置寄存器
# define UPLLCON 0x4C000008 //USB頻率配置寄存器
# define CAMDIVN 0x4C000018 //照相機時鍾分頻寄存器
ldr r0, =CAMDIVN
mov r1, #0
str r1, [r0]
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #0x05
str r1, [r0]
/*如果HDIVN不等於0，CPU必須設置為異步總線模式*/
mrc p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0
orr r0,r0,#0xc0000000
mcr p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0
ldr r0, =UPLLCON
ldr r1, =0x38022 // USB時鍾48MHZ
str r1, [r0]
/*
**When you set MPLL&UPLL values, you have to set the UPLL
**value first and then the MPLL value. (Needs intervals
**approximately 7 NOP)
*/
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
nop
ldr r0, =MPLLCON
ldr r1, =0x5c011 //CPU時鍾400MHZ
str r1, [r0]
# else
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C24X0 */
board/tq2440/tq2440.c中board_early_init_f()函數也初始化了時鍾，因為我在start.S中已初始化了時鍾，所以屏蔽掉board_early_init_f()中對時鍾的初始化代碼
// struct s3c24x0_clock_power * const clk_power =
// s3c24x0_get_base_clock_power();
struct s3c24x0_gpio * const gpio = s3c24x0_get_base_gpio();
#if 0
/* to reduce PLL lock time, adjust the LOCKTIME register */
writel(0xFFFFFF, &clk_power->locktime);
/* configure MPLL */
writel((M_MDIV << 12) + (M_PDIV << 4) + M_SDIV,
&clk_power->mpllcon);
/* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
pll_delay(4000);
/* configure UPLL */
writel((U_M_MDIV << 12) + (U_M_PDIV << 4) + U_M_SDIV,
&clk_power->upllcon);
/* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
pll_delay(8000);
#endif
可以先配置u-boot支持直接燒寫進內存SDRAM運行
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x32000000
CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE指定了代碼的加載地址，待會編譯好后生成可執行二進制文件u—boot.bin，就要把u-boot.bin下載到該地址
我們現在需要直接燒寫進內存運行，而底層初始化代碼還沒移植，所以我們需要跳過底層初始化
查看arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
bl cpu_init_crit
#endif
如果沒有定義CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT就跳轉 cpu_init_crit函數執行，該函數進行了一些底層的初始化，比如內存。因為下面我們直接將u-boot下載到內存中運行，如果在內存中運行的同時再初始化內存，那么內存中的數據代碼會遭到破壞。
所以我們在配置文件tq2440.h中定義該宏
#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
修改一下頂層Makefile：
202 CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
ARCH就不用我們手動配置了，因為在執行make tq2440_config時，會解析boards.cfg文件，得到ARCH的值。
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config
編譯完成生成可執行二進制文件u—boot.bin,開發板啟動原有好的u-boot
將u-boot.bin下載到SDRAM的0x32000000地址，然后go 0x32000000運行
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin
(注意：在新版本的u-boot中，進行代碼重定位relocate之前就已經在board_init_f中調用了全局性的代碼，這些全局性的代碼並不是位置無關的，所以這里需要將u-boot直接下載到它的鏈接地址處，防止程序跑飛)
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153844 (258f4 hex)
EmbedSky> go 0x32000000
（注意：必須與剛才tftp下載到的地址相同）
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 28 2014 - 23:11:32)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
在tq2440.h中定義DEBUG宏
#define DEBUG
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ############
done
Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:51:27)
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 4160k for malloc() at: 33bb5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33bb4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33bb4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33bb4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
經過加打印，問題定位在board.c中的board_init_r在調用mem_malloc_init函數時出了問題，他完成的操作是將malloc_start標識的malloc區域清零，這里malloc區域的大小是4MB+160KB，發現在清除到2MB多的時候程序就掛了。
這個問題的原因好沒有找到，等待解決。目前臨時的解決辦法是將malloc區域的大小減小為2MB+160KB，做法是修改tq2440.h中，將
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (4 * 1024 * 1024)
改為：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (2 * 1024 * 1024)
然后編譯運行，打印信息如下：
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0
*** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
第二步Flash: *** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
卡在這里不動了
搜索“Flash:”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Flash:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:557: puts("Flash: ");
.....
進入查看
puts("Flash: ");
flash_size = flash_init();
if (flash_size > 0) {
# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM
print_size(flash_size, "");
/*
* Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'
*
* NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX
*/
if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum") == 1) {
printf(" CRC: %08X", crc32(0,
(const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,
flash_size));
}
putc('\n');
# else /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
print_size(flash_size, "\n");
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
hang();
}
failed在該文件中的定義如下
static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";
函數hang()在該文件中的定義如下
void hang(void)
{
puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n");
for (;;);
}
說明是flash初始化失敗
進入drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_init函數
if (!flash_detect_legacy(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i))
flash_detect_legacy函數去探測flash
進入flash_detect_legacy函數
flash_read_jedec_ids(info);
debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",
info->manufacturer_id,
info->device_id,
info->device_id2);
if (jedec_flash_match(info, info->start[0]))
break;
else
unmap_physmem((void *)info->start[0], MAP_NOCACHE);
jedec_flash_match函數將讀取到的flash信息與jedec_table進行匹配，如果匹配成功則填充flash_info，否則返回1，看來這里沒有匹配成功，在drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_detect_legacy函數去探測開發板的flash，打開調試信息的宏，將探測到的flash信息打印出來
#define DEBUG (也可以加載tq2440.h中)
重新編譯，開發板從NOR FLASH啟動，
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ############
done
Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:57:57)
U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC BSS: -> 3202A0A4
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
monitor len: 0002A0A4
ramsize: 04000000
TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000
Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000
Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000
Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0
Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40
New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB
relocation Offset is: 01fc5000
WARNING: Caches not enabled
monitor flash len: 0002939C
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000
Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit
fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit
JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0
*** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
根據debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",
info->manufacturer_id,
info->device_id,
info->device_id2);
可以知道已經探測到開發板的flash的廠家ID為0x1c，設備ID為0x2249
在jedec_table表中增加TQ2440開發板的NOR FLASH(EN29LV160AB)內容
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
{ /* TQ2440 EN29LV160AB */
.mfr_id = 0x1c, /* manufacturer_id */
.dev_id = 0x2249, /* device_id */
.name = "EON EN29LV160AB",
.uaddr = {/* 因為NOR FLASH的ADDR0接到了S3C2440的ADDR1 */
[1] = MTD_UADDR_0x0555_0x02AA /* x16 */
},
.DevSize = SIZE_2MiB,
.CmdSet = P_ID_AMD_STD,
.NumEraseRegions= 4,
.regions = {
ERASEINFO(0x04000, 1),
ERASEINFO(0x02000, 2),
ERASEINFO(0x08000, 1),
ERASEINFO(0x10000, 31),
}
},
#endif
注釋掉剛才打開的宏
drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c
//#define DEBUG
並在tq2440.h中定義CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
//#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_512Kx16
#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16
重新編譯u-boot，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:10:56)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: ERROR: too many flash sectors
2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
出現一個錯誤too many flash sectors
搜索too many flash sectors
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "too many flash sectors" * -nR
./drivers/mtd/jedec_flash.c:444: printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n");
查看代碼
if (sect_cnt >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT) {
printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n");
break;
}
說明CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT的值太小了，在配置文件tq2440.h修改該宏
#define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT (35) //根據EN29LV160AB芯片手冊
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:12:36)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
TQ2440 # flinfo
Bank # 1: EON EN29LV160AB flash (16 x 16) Size: 2 MB in 35 Sectors
AMD Legacy command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x1C, Device ID: 0x2249
Erase timeout: 30000 ms, write timeout: 100 ms
Sector Start Addresses:
00000000 RO 00004000 RO 00006000 RO 00008000 RO 00010000 RO
00020000 RO 00030000 00040000 00050000 00060000
00070000 RO 00080000 00090000 000A0000 000B0000
000C0000 000D0000 000E0000 000F0000 00100000
00110000 00120000 00130000 00140000 00150000
00160000 00170000 00180000 00190000 001A0000
001B0000 001C0000 001D0000 001E0000 001F0000
測試flash讀寫是否正常
讀取0x32000000地址的0x10字節數據到0x0地址，然后比較兩份數據是否相等
注意：從flinfo中可以看出0地址所在扇區是RO，要先解保護
TQ2440 # protect off all
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
TQ2440 # cp.b 32000000 0 10
Copy to Flash... done
TQ2440 # cmp.b 0 32000000 10
Total of 16 byte(s) were the same
再來讀
TQ2440 # md.b 32000000 10
32000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................
TQ2440 # md.b 0 10
00000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 ................
讀出的兩份數據一樣
至此NOR FLASH移植完畢
網卡DM9000的驅動為drivers/net/dm9000x.c，我們需要將它編譯進u-boot，查看drivers/net/Makefile
38 COBJS-$(CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000) += dm9000x.o
如果定義了CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000就將dm9000x.o編譯進u-boot，在配置文件tq2440.h中定義該宏
#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
在第一步已經經網卡CS8900的相關配置注釋掉了
重新編譯出錯
dm9000x.c: In function 'dm9000_outblk_8bit':
dm9000x.c:156: error: 'DM9000_DATA' undeclared (first use in this function)
DM9000_DATA沒有定義，參考mini2440.h的配置如下
#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
#define CONFIG_DM9000_NO_SROM
（如果不設置這個宏，uboot會打印類似：
Warning: dm9000 MAC addresses don't match:
Address in SROM is ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Address in environment is 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
的信息）
#define CONFIG_DM9000_BASE 0x20000000 //tq2440開發板的網卡dm9000接在S3C2440的bank4 #define DM9000_IO CONFIG_DM9000_BASE
#define DM9000_DATA (CONFIG_DM9000_BASE+4) // tq2440開發板的網卡dm9000的cmd引腳接在S3C2440的ADDR2
打開之前第一步暫時注釋掉的宏
#define CONFIG_CMD_PING
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動u-boot
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 154592 (25be0 hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:16:30)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: No ethernet found.
TQ2440 #
沒有找到網路
搜索Net：
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Net:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:662: puts("Net: ");
......
查看單板文件board.c
puts("Net: ");
eth_initialize(gd->bd);
進入net/eth.c: eth_initialize函數
if (board_eth_init(bis) < 0)
進入board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_eth_init函數
修改如下
int board_eth_init(bd_t *bis)
{
int rc = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_CS8900
rc = cs8900_initialize(0, CONFIG_CS8900_BASE);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000
rc = dm9000_initialize(bis);
#endif
return rc;
}
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動u-boot
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 160268 (2720c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:20:16)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # set ethaddr 00:12:34:56:ab:cd 設置mac地址
TQ2440 # set ipaddr 192.168.1.6 設置開發板IP地址
TQ2440 # set serverip 192.168.1.8 設置tftp服務器IP地址
TQ2440 # ping 192.168.1.8 ping主機
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
host 192.168.1.8 is alive
TQ2440 # tftpboot 31000000 u-boot.bin 下載文件
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: ##############
1.8 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 198364 (306dc hex)
注意到新版u-boot在用tftp下載時會打印出下載速度，另外上面出現了一個錯誤could not establish link
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "could not establish link" * -nR
./drivers/net/dm9000x.c:376: printf("could not establish link\n");
查看代碼並修改
#if 0
i = 0;
while (!(dm9000_phy_read(1) & 0x20)) { /* autonegation complete bit */
udelay(1000);
i++;
if (i == 10000) {
printf("could not establish link\n");
return 0;
}
}
#endif
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH重啟開發板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###########
done
Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)
## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:25:30)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
現在重新下載剛才的u-boot.bin
TQ2440 # tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x30000000
Loading: T ###########
30.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)
剛才的錯誤解決了
至此網卡DM9000移植完畢
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h打開之前注釋掉的NAND相關的宏
#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND
編譯出錯
s3c2410_nand.c: In function 's3c2410_hwcontrol':
s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: implicit declaration of function 's3c2410_get_base_nand'
s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast
s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
查看代碼
struct s3c2410_nand *nand = s3c2410_get_base_nand();
struct s3c2410_nand的定義
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410
/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */
struct s3c2410_nand {
u32 nfconf;
u32 nfcmd;
u32 nfaddr;
u32 nfdata;
u32 nfstat;
u32 nfecc;
};
#endif
s3c2410_get_base_nand()在s3c2410.h中聲明
s3c2410_nand.c中包含了頭文件s3c24x0_cpu.h，該文件內容如下
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2400
#include <asm/arch/s3c2400.h>
#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2410
#include <asm/arch/s3c2410.h>
#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2440
#include <asm/arch/s3c2440.h>
#else
#error Please define the s3c24x0 cpu type
#endif
而我在配置文件tq2440中注釋了宏CONFIG_S3C2410，添加了CONFIG_S3C2440
查看drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile
75 COBJS-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410) += s3c2410_nand.o
CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410在tq2440.h中定義
將drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c拷貝為drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
在drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile文件中增加一行
56 obj-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440) += s3c2440_nand.o
將s3c2440_nand.c中所有的2410替換為2440
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h
187 /*
188 * NAND configuration
189 */
190 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND
191 #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440
192 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440
193 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
194 #else
195 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410
196 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2410_NAND_HWECC
197 #endif
198 #define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1
199 #define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
200 #endif
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000
.......
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:42:02)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 0 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 #
搜索NAND:
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "NAND:" * -nR
......
arch/arm/lib/board.c:584: puts("NAND: ");
......
查看代碼
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)
puts("NAND: ");
nand_init(); /* go init the NAND */
#endif
一路跟蹤下去，列出函數調用順序
nand_init-> nand_init_chip-> board_nand_init
-> nand_scan-> nand_scan_ident
其中board_nand_init是與板相關的初始化
nand_scan_ident函數中
/* Read the flash type */
type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, busw,
&nand_maf_id, &nand_dev_id, table);
if (IS_ERR(type)) {
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET_TEST
printk(KERN_WARNING "No NAND device found!!!\n");
#endif
chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
return PTR_ERR(type);
}
說明上面的nand_get_flash_type獲取失敗
修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c中的board_nand_init()函數
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(x) ((x)<<12)
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(x) ((x)<<8)
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(x) ((x)<<4)
......
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C24XX_CUSTOM_NAND_TIMING)
tacls = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TACLS;
twrph0 = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH0;
twrph1 = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH1;
#else
tacls = 0;
twrph0 = 1;
twrph1 = 0;
#endif
//cfg = S3C2440_NFCONF_EN;
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(tacls);
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(twrph0);
cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(twrph1);
writel(cfg, &nand_reg->nfconf);
/*初始化ECC、禁止片選、使能NAND FLASH控制器*/
writel((1 << 4)|(1 << 1)|(1 << 0), &nand_reg->nfcont);
修改默認的drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c: nand_select_chip函數
case 0: // 選中
chip->cmd_ctrl(mtd, NAND_CMD_NONE, NAND_CTRL_CLE | NAND_CTRL_CHANGE);
break;
修改s3c2440_hwcontrol()函數
if (ctrl & NAND_CTRL_CHANGE) {
ulong IO_ADDR_W = (ulong)nand;
if (!(ctrl & NAND_CLE))
IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE;
if (!(ctrl & NAND_ALE))
IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NALE;
if (cmd == NAND_CMD_NONE)
IO_ADDR_W = &nand->nfdata;
chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)IO_ADDR_W;
if (ctrl & NAND_NCE) // 使能選中
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) & ~(1 << 1),
&nand->nfcont);
else // 取消選中
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 1),
&nand->nfcont);
}
修改
#define S3C2440_ADDR_NALE 8
#define S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE 0xc
#define S3C2440_NFCONF_nFCE (1<<1)
重新編譯燒到，從NOR FLASh啟動開發板
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;go 32000000
測試
將SDRAM的0x32000000地址的0xff字節數據寫到NAND FLASH的0地址
TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 0 ff
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff
255 bytes written: OK
從NAND FLASH的0地址讀0xff字節數據到SDRAM的0x31000000地址
TQ2440 # nand read 31000000 0 ff
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff
255 bytes read: OK
比較
TQ2440 # cmp.b 31000000 32000000 ff
Total of 255 bytes were the same
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x0
(這里必須設置為0，因為這個版本的uboot中尚未進行代碼重定位之前，就調用了很多全局性的代碼，所以需要設置為0，否則程序會跑飛)
//#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
（如果不定義CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT，u-boot在從NorFlash啟動時會執行內存初始化代碼
190 /*
191 * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,
192 * not when booting from ram!
193 */
194 #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
195 bl cpu_init_crit
196 #endif
197
198 bl _main
）
修改內存初始化代碼board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.S
#define REFCNT 0x4f4 #修改內存初始化參數
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動，使用原先好的u-boot將新的u-boot.bin燒寫到NOR FLASH
EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46
MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
checksum bad
T ###############
done
Bytes transferred = 215096 (34838 hex)
EmbedSky> protect off all
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
EmbedSky> erase 0 +40000
Erasing sector 0 ... ok.
Erasing sector 1 ... ok.
Erasing sector 2 ... ok.
Erasing sector 3 ... ok.
Erasing sector 4 ... ok.
Erasing sector 5 ... ok.
Erasing sector 6 ... ok.
Erased 7 sectors
EmbedSky> cp.b 0x32000000 0x0 0x40000
Copy to Flash... done
ÿmbedSky> reset
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:07:20)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 #
默認是把環境變量保存到NOR FLASH的，環境變量是通過執行saveenv命令保存的，查看一下該命令的實現代碼。搜索“saveenv”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "saveenv" common/ -nR
common/env_flash.c:122:int saveenv(void)
common/env_flash.c:245:int saveenv(void)
common/env_nand.c:174:int saveenv(void)
common/env_nand.c:226:int saveenv(void)
搜索出了env_flash.c和env_fnand.c，分別用於將環境變量保存到NOR FLASH和NAND FLASH
查看common/Makefile
57 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH) += env_flash.o
60 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND) += env_nand.o
我們需要在配置文件tq2440.h中去掉CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH，增加CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
修改配置文件tq2440.h
#if 0
#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x070000)
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH
#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x10000
#endif
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
/* allow to overwrite serial and ethaddr */
#define CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE
重新編譯，出錯
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:88: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:95: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"
在配置文件tq2440.h中定義這兩個宏
#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND
#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET 0x40000 // 256K for u-boot
#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000 // 128K for environment
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1
....... done
Erased 7 sectors
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T ###############
41 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 215572 (34a14 hex)
Copy to Flash... 9....8....7....6....5....4....3....2....1....done
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
出現*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment，這是因為NAND FLASH中沒有有效的環境變量，執行saveenv命令將環境變量保存到NAND FLASH，重啟就不會有這樣的提示了
TQ2440 # saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing NAND...
Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to NAND... OK
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 2 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
TQ2440 # mtd
Unknown command 'mtd' - try 'help'
默認沒有分區命令，查看一下common/Makefile
140 COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS) += cmd_mtdparts.o
說明需要定義CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS才會編譯mtd命令
在tq2440.h中其實已經定義了該宏，只是之前被我注釋掉了，現在打開它
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#endif
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#if 0
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
重新編譯，出錯
/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/common/cmd_mtdparts.c:306: undefined reference to `get_mtd_device_nm'
查看代碼知道get_mtd_device_nm在drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c中定義，查看drivers/mtd/Makefile
28 COBJS-$(CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE) += mtdcore.o
需要定義CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE才會編譯mtdcore.c
在tq2440.h中其實已經定義了該宏，只是之前被我注釋掉了，現在打開它
#if 0
#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT
#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI
#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS
#endif
#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS
#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE
#if 0
#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
#define CONFIG_YAFFS2
#define CONFIG_RBTREE
#endif
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
……
TQ2440 # reset
……
TQ2440 # mtdparts
mtdids not defined, no default present
出錯了，搜索mtdids not defined, no default present
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "mtdids not defined, no default present" * -nR
common/cmd_mtdparts.c:1751: printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n");
查看代碼
if (mtdids_default) {
debug("mtdids variable not defined, using default\n");
ids = mtdids_default;
setenv("mtdids", (char *)ids);
} else {
printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n");
return 1;
}
說明mtdids_default為假，mtdids_default定義為
#if defined(MTDIDS_DEFAULT)
static const char *const mtdids_default = MTDIDS_DEFAULT;
#else
static const char *const mtdids_default = NULL;
#endif
#if defined(MTDPARTS_DEFAULT)
static const char *const mtdparts_default = MTDPARTS_DEFAULT;
#else
static const char *const mtdparts_default = NULL;
#endif
需要在配置文件tq2440.h定義MTDIDS_DEFAULT和MTDPARTS_DEFAULT，參考common/cmd_mtdparts.c
* Examples:
*
* 1 NOR Flash, with 1 single writable partition:
* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor
* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:-
*
* 1 NOR Flash with 2 partitions, 1 NAND with one
* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor,nand0=edb7312-nand
* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:256k(ARMboot)ro,-(root);edb7312-nand:-(home)
在tq2440.h中定義
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nand0=tq2440-0"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot)," \
"1m(params)," \
"3m(kernel)," \
"-(rootfs)"
在tq2440.h中設置默認環境變量
#define CONFIG_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
#define CONFIG_IPADDR 192.168.1.6
#define CONFIG_SERVERIP 192.168.1.8
#define CONFIG_ETHADDR 00:11:22:33:44:aa
#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS "root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND "nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000"
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板
TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000
……
TQ2440 # reset
……
TQ2440 # mtdparts
mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'
no partitions defined
defaults:
mtdids : nand0=tq2440-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)
TQ2440 # mtdparts default
TQ2440 # save 注意一定要保存，否則重啟就沒了
TQ2440 # mtdparts
device nand0 <tq2440-0>, # parts = 4
#: name size offset mask_flags
0: u-boot 0x00100000 0x00000000 0
1: params 0x00100000 0x00100000 0
2: kernel 0x00300000 0x00200000 0
3: rootfs 0x0fb00000 0x00500000 0
active partition: nand0,0 - (u-boot) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000
defaults:
mtdids : nand0=tq2440-0
mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)
TQ2440 #
新版u-boot在鏈接時加了“-pie”選項
-pie
Produce a position independent executable on targets which support it. For predictable results, you must also specify the same set of options that were used to generate code (-fpie, -fPIE, or model suboptions) when you specify this option.
產生的代碼中，沒有絕對地址，全部使用相對地址，故而代碼可以被加載器加載到內存的任意
位置，都可以正確的執行。
最終u-boot.bin中多了這些段
.rel.dyn : {
__rel_dyn_start = .;
*(.rel*)
__rel_dyn_end = .;
}
.dynsym : {
__dynsym_start = .;
*(.dynsym)
}
從NOR FLASH把代碼復制到SDRAM，程序的鏈接地址是0，訪問全局變量、靜態變量、調用函數時是使用基於0地址編譯得到的地址，現在把程序復制到了SDRAM(0x3000000),需要修改代碼，把原來的地址改為新地址。這樣太復雜了，還是使用老版本的方法。
去掉“-pie”選項，在u-boot源碼搜索“-pie”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\-pie" . -nR
......
./arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie
......
去除arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie中的“-pie”
82 # needed for relocation
83 #LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie
修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h，給u-boot分配512KB
#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE 0x33f80000
增加文件board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.c並修改相應的Makefile
obj-y := tq2440.o
obj-y += nand_read_ll.o
obj-y += lowlevel_init.o
nand_read_ll.c文件內容如下：
/* NAND FLASH控制器 */
#define NFCONF (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000000))
#define NFCONT (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000004))
#define NFCMMD (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000008))
#define NFADDR (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E00000C))
#define NFDATA (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000010))
#define NFSTAT (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000020))
static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len);
static int isBootFromNorFlash(void)
{
volatile int *p = (volatile int *)0;
int val;
val = *p;
*p = 0x12345678;
if (*p == 0x12345678)
{
/* 寫成功, 是nand啟動 */
*p = val;
return 0;
}
else
{
/* NOR不能像內存一樣寫 */
return 1;
}
}
void nand_init_ll(void)
{
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 1
#define TWRPH1 0
/* 設置時序 */
NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);
/* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片選 */
NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);
}
void copy_code_to_sdram(unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dest, unsigned int len)
{
int i = 0;
/* 如果是NOR啟動 */
if (isBootFromNorFlash())
{
while (i < len)
{
dest[i] = src[i];
i++;
}
}
else
{
nand_init_ll();
nand_read_ll((unsigned int)src, dest, len);
}
}
void clear_bss(void)
{
extern int __bss_start, __bss_end;
int *p = &__bss_start;
for (; p < &__bss_end; p++)
*p = 0;
}
static void nand_select(void)
{
NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);
}
static void nand_deselect(void)
{
NFCONT |= (1<<1);
}
static void nand_cmd(unsigned char cmd)
{
volatile int i;
NFCMMD = cmd;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
}
static void nand_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
unsigned int col = addr % 2048;
unsigned int page = addr / 2048;
volatile int i;
NFADDR = col & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (col >> 8) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = page & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (page >> 8) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
NFADDR = (page >> 16) & 0xff;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
}
static void nand_wait_ready(void)
{
while (!(NFSTAT & 1));
}
static unsigned char nand_data(void)
{
return NFDATA;
}
static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
{
int col = addr % 2048;
int i = 0;
/* 1. 選中 */
nand_select();
while (i < len)
{
/* 2. 發出讀命令00h */
nand_cmd(0x00);
/* 3. 發出地址(分5步發出) */
nand_addr(addr);
/* 4. 發出讀命令30h */
nand_cmd(0x30);
/* 5. 判斷狀態 */
nand_wait_ready();
/* 6. 讀數據 */
for (; (col < 2048) && (i < len); col++)
{
buf[i] = nand_data();
i++;
addr++;
}
col = 0;
}
/* 7. 取消選中 */
nand_deselect();
}
通過閱讀u-boot源碼arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
bl cpu_init_crit
#endif
bl _main
跳轉到arch/arm/lib/crt0.S：_main
修改arch/arm/lib/crt0.S為:
ENTRY(_main)
/*
* Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
#else
ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
#endif
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
sub sp, sp, #GD_SIZE /* allocate one GD above SP */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
mov r9, sp /* GD is above SP */
#if 1
__TEXT_BASE:
.word CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE
mov r0, #0
ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE
ldr r2, __TEXT_BASE
ldr r3, =__bss_end
sub r2, r3, r2
bl copy_code_to_sdram
bl clear_bss
ldr pc, =call_board_init_f
call_board_init_f:
mov r0, #0
bl board_init_f
ldr sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP] /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
ldr r9, [r9, #GD_BD] /* r9 = gd->bd */
sub r9, r9, #GD_SIZE /* new GD is below bd */
ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE
bl board_init_r
#else
mov r0, #0
bl board_init_f
#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
/*
* Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call
* relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return
* 'here' but relocated.
*/
ldr sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP] /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
ldr r9, [r9, #GD_BD] /* r9 = gd->bd */
sub r9, r9, #GD_SIZE /* new GD is below bd */
adr lr, here
ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF] /* r0 = gd->reloc_off */
add lr, lr, r0
ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
b relocate_code
here:
/* Set up final (full) environment */
bl c_runtime_cpu_setup /* we still call old routine here */
ldr r0, =__bss_start /* this is auto-relocated! */
ldr r1, =__bss_end /* this is auto-relocated! */
mov r2, #0x00000000 /* prepare zero to clear BSS */
clbss_l:cmp r0, r1 /* while not at end of BSS */
strlo r2, [r0] /* clear 32-bit BSS word */
addlo r0, r0, #4 /* move to next */
blo clbss_l
bl coloured_LED_init
bl red_led_on
/* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */
mov r0, r9 /* gd_t */
ldr r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* dest_addr */
/* call board_init_r */
ldr pc, =board_init_r /* this is auto-relocated! */
/* we should not return here. */
#endif
#endif
ENDPROC(_main)
修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函數board_init_f為：
然后再board_init_f的結尾添加：
即將board_init_r要用的第一個參數返回，也就是重定向后gd結構體的起始地址。
修改include/common.h：
修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函數board_init_f
//addr -= gd->mon_len;
//addr &= ~(4096 - 1);
addr = CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE;
然后編譯，編譯完成后，執行make u-boot.dis，生成u-boot的反匯編文件，看一下start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o是否被連接到了u-boot的前面4KB范圍內：
從上面的圖中可以看到，copy_code_to_sdram和clear_bss的地址已經超過4KB了，前面我們把CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE設置為了0x33f80000，但是copy_code_to_sdram的地址已經到了0x33f81464，0x33f81464-0x33f80000=0x1464>0x1000，顯然超多了4KB（十六進制就是0x1000），所以需要修改鏈接腳本和Makefile，將nand_read_ll和lowlevel_init.S 鏈接到uboot的前4KB內，具體做法如下：
修改鏈接腳本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds把start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o編譯到前面4KB
修改board/tq2440/Makefile：
obj-y := tq2440.o
extra-y := nand_read_ll.o
extra-y += lowlevel_init.o
修改arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds：
. = ALIGN(4);
.text :
{
*(.__image_copy_start)
CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)
board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o (.text*)
board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.o (.text*)
*(.text*)
}
重新編譯：
......
HOSTLD tools/dumpimage
HOSTLD tools/mkimage
CC arch/arm/lib/board.o
LD arch/arm/lib/built-in.o
AS board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o
CC common/main.o
CC common/cmd_version.o
LD common/built-in.o
CC lib/display_options.o
LD lib/built-in.o
LDS u-boot.lds
LD u-boot
u-boot contains unexpected relocations:
make: *** [checkarmreloc] Error 1
搜索 “u-boot contains unexpected relocations”
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "u-boot contains unexpected relocations" * -nR
沒有搜索到任何內容，那么我們搜索checkarmreloc：
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "checkarmreloc" * -nR
arch/arm/config.mk:105:ALL-y += checkarmreloc
Makefile:1123:checkarmreloc: u-boot
在頂層Makefile中有如下語句:
1121 # ARM relocations should all be R_ARM_RELATIVE (32-bit) or
1122 # R_AARCH64_RELATIVE (64-bit).
1123 checkarmreloc: u-boot
1124 @RELOC="`$(CROSS_COMPILE)readelf -r -W $< | cut -d ' ' -f 4 | \
1125 grep R_A | sort -u`"; \
1126 if test "$$RELOC" != "R_ARM_RELATIVE" -a \
1127 "$$RELOC" != "R_AARCH64_RELATIVE"; then \
1128 echo "$< contains unexpected relocations: $$RELOC"; \
1129 false; \
1130 fi
那么我們就別編譯checkarmreloc了，所以我們修改arch/arm/config.mk的第105行：
105 #ALL-y += checkarmreloc
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板，將u-boot.bin燒到NAND FLASH
TQ2440 # nand erase 0 40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 0 40000
NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
Erasing at 0x20000 -- 100% complete.
OK
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'u-boot.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T ###############
39.1 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 209400 (331f8 hex)
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000
262144 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 #
從NAND FLASh啟動開發板
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 07:58:40)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###
卡在這里不動了，由於從NAND啟動，CPU檢測不到NOR FLASH，具體代碼如下arch/arm/lib/board.c
flash_size = flash_init();
if (flash_size > 0) {
# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM
print_size(flash_size, "");
/*
* Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'
*
* NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX
*/
if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum") == 1) {
printf(" CRC: %08X", crc32(0,
(const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,
flash_size));
}
putc('\n');
# else /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
print_size(flash_size, "\n");
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
hang();
}
其中failed定義為
#if !defined(CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH)
static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";
#endif
函數hang()定義為
void hang(void)
{
puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n");
for (;;);
}
我們直接注釋掉上面的hang();
# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */
} else {
puts(failed);
//hang();
}
#endif
重新編譯，從NOR FLASH啟動開發板，將u-boot.bin燒到NAND FLASH，從NAND啟動
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
TQ2440 #
執行? Nand
TQ2440 # ? nand
nand - NAND sub-system
Usage:
……
沒有.yaffs后綴，在源碼目錄搜索.yaffs
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\.yaffs" * -nR
......
common/cmd_nand.c:709: } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
......
查看代碼
708 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
709 } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
710 if (read) {
711 printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
712 return 1;
713 }
714 ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize, NULL,
715 maxsize, (u_char *)addr,
716 WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
717 #endif
需要在配置文件tq2440.h中定義CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
重新編譯，燒寫到NandFlash中：
TQ2440 # nand ?
nand - NAND sub-system
Usage:
……
nand write.yaffs - addr off|partition size
write 'size' bytes starting at offset 'off' with yaffs format
from memory address 'addr', skipping bad blocks.
……
TQ2440 #
先直接燒寫試一下
TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 uImage;nand erase.part kernel;
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
############################
361.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 2317984 (235ea0 hex)
NAND erase.part: mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'
incorrect device type in kernel
TQ2440 # mtdpart default
TQ2440 # saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing NAND...
Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.
Writing to NAND... OK
TQ2440 # nand erase.part kernel
NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
Erasing at 0x4e0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 kernel 燒寫內核
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # tftp 30000000 root.bin 確保yaffs文件系統是好的
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'root.bin'.
Load address: 0x30000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########
778.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)
TQ2440 # nand erase.part rootfs
TQ2440 # nand write.yaffs 30000000 rootfs $filesize
設置u-boot啟動參數
TQ2440 # set bootargs root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
TQ2440 # set bootcmd nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000
TQ2440 # save
TQ2440 # reset
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-3.8.7
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2317920 Bytes = 2.2 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x000000c1).
Available machine support:
ID (hex) NAME
000000a8 SMDK2440
Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.
不支持的機器ID
由於我用的是tq2440自帶的內核，tq2440的機器ID是168，修改arch/arm/mach-types.h，添加TQ2440的機器ID
兩種解決辦法：
1、 設置環境變量machid
TQ2440 # set machid a8
TQ2440 # save
2、 修改board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_init函數
gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_TQ2440;
解決后重啟開發板
resetting ...
U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)
CPUID: 32440001
FCLK: 400 MHz
HCLK: 100 MHz
PCLK: 50 MHz
DRAM: 64 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: *** failed ***
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000
3145728 bytes read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.30.4-EmbedSky
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2415756 Bytes = 2.3 MiB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Using machid 0xa8 from environment
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (pengdl@debian) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #1 Sat Jun 21 02:35:07 EDT 2014
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
................
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:07:17 UTC (1362334037)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
block 325 is bad
block 330 is bad
block 519 is bad
block 1252 is bad
block 1753 is bad
block 1754 is bad
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 240K
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
Failed to execute /linuxrc. Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.
Backtrace:
[<c0048fd4>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x10c) from [<c036f630>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)
r7:00000000 r6:c04e8d40 r5:c04e8700 r4:c04b0248
[<c036f618>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c036f680>] (panic+0x4c/0x124)
[<c036f634>] (panic+0x0/0x124) from [<c00444f0>] (init_post+0xec/0x178)
r3:00000000 r2:00000000 r1:c051f000 r0:c043c77c
[<c0044404>] (init_post+0x0/0x178) from [<c000847c>] (kernel_init+0xcc/0xf4)
r5:c001f860 r4:c001fcc8
[<c00083b0>] (kernel_init+0x0/0xf4) from [<c0059f30>] (do_exit+0x0/0x620)
r7:00000000 r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:00000000
已經掛載上yaffs2文件系統，因為yaffs文件系統是好的，所以是u-boot燒寫yaffs文件系統的問題
YAFFS中，文件是以固定大小的數據塊進行存儲的，塊的大小可以是512字節、1 024字節或者2 048字節。這種實現依賴於它能夠將一個數據塊頭和每個數據塊關聯起來。每個文件（包括目錄）都有一個數據塊頭與之相對應，數據塊頭中保存了ECC(Error Correction Code)和文件系統的組織信息，用於錯誤檢測和壞塊處理。
TQ2440開發板用的NAND FLASH每頁2k
用UltraEdit打開剛才燒寫的root.bin文件和燒到NAND FLASH里的數據對比
在u-boot中執行
TQ2440 # nand dump 500000
Page 00500000 dump:
03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00
………………………………………………
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
OOB:
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
aa 9a a7 ff f3 03 ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
TQ2440 #
通過對比發現燒到NAND FLASH里的數據和原文件不一致
查看代碼common/cmd_nand.c
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
} else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
if (read) {
printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
return 1;
}
ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
(u_char *)addr,
WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
#endif
調用函數drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c: nand_write_skip_bad,注意這里傳入了一個標志WITH_YAFFS_OOB
drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c：nand_write_skip_bad()函數
if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS)) {
rval = nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
這里如果沒有壞塊而且沒有指定WITH_DROP_FFS標志就執行nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
而我們需要執行write_oob(nand, offset, &ops);所以應該加上之前傳入的參數
if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS) && !(flags & WITH_YAFFS_OOB))
ops.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW; /* 原來為AUTO，應該為原始 */
重新編譯，燒寫新的u-boot.bin，重新燒寫yaffs文件系統
TQ2440 # nand erase.part u-boot;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 u-boot
TQ2440 # reset
TQ2440 # tftp 0x32000000 root.bin;nand erase.part rootfs;nand write.yaffs 0x32000000 rootfs $filesize
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5
operating at 100M full duplex mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6
Filename 'root.bin'.
Load address: 0x32000000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########
777.3 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)
NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0xfb00000
Skipping bad block at 0x02d80000
Skipping bad block at 0x02e20000
Skipping bad block at 0x045c0000
Skipping bad block at 0x0a160000
Skipping bad block at 0x0e000000
Skipping bad block at 0x0e020000
Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100% complete.
OK
NAND write: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0x682800
6825984 bytes written: OK
TQ2440 # reset
……
s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:11:59 UTC (1362334319)
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
block 325 is bad
block 330 is bad
block 519 is bad
block 1252 is bad
block 1753 is bad
block 1754 is bad
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 240K
mmc0: new SDHC card at address 1234
mmcblk0: mmc0:1234 SA04G 3.63 GiB
mmcblk0: p1
FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
Please press Enter to activate this console.
[root@TQ2440 /]#
[root@TQ2440 /]#
在tq2440.h中定義如下宏
#define CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC
#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE 2048
#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES 4
#endif
修改arch/arm/include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0.h：s3c2440_nand結構體，添加寄存器
u32 nfstat0;
u32 nfstat1;
u32 nfmecc0;
u32 nfmecc1;
u32 nfsecc;
u32 nfsblk;
u32 nfeblk;
修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c
void s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, int mode)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
debug("s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(%p, %d)\n", mtd, mode);
/* 初始化ECC */
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 4), &nand->nfcont);
}
static int s3c2440_nand_calculate_ecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u_char *dat,
u_char *ecc_code)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
writel(readl(&nand->nfcont)| (1 << 5),&nand->nfcont); /* 鎖定main區ECC */
/* 讀取寄存器NFMECC0，該寄存器存放着由硬件生成的main區ECC */
u32 mecc0;
mecc0 = readl(&nand->nfmecc0);
ecc_code[0] = mecc0 & 0xff;
ecc_code[1] = (mecc0 >> 8) &0xff;
ecc_code[2] = (mecc0 >> 16) &0xff;
ecc_code[3] =(mecc0 >> 24) & 0xff;
debug("s3c2440_nand_calculate_hwecc(%p,): 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n",
mtd , ecc_code[0], ecc_code[1], ecc_code[2], ecc_code[3]);
return 0;
}
static int s3c2440_nand_correct_data(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char *dat,
u_char *read_ecc, u_char *calc_ecc)
{
struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();
u32 meccdata0, meccdata1, estat0, err_byte_addr;
int ret = -1;
u8 repaired;
meccdata0 = (read_ecc[1] << 16) | read_ecc[0];
meccdata1 = (read_ecc[3] << 16) | read_ecc[2];
writel(meccdata0, &nand->nfeccd0);
writel(meccdata1, &nand->nfeccd1);
/*Read ecc status */
estat0 = readl(&nand->nfstat0);
switch(estat0 & 0x3) {
case 0: /* No error */
ret= 0;
break;
case 1:
/*
* 1 bit error (Correctable)
* (nfestat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff :error byte number
* (nfestat0 >> 4) & 0x7 :error bit number
*/
err_byte_addr = (estat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff;
repaired = dat[err_byte_addr] ^ (1 << ((estat0 >> 4) & 0x7));
printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: 1 bit error detected at byte %ld. Correcting from 0x%02x to 0x%02x...OK\n",
err_byte_addr, dat[err_byte_addr], repaired);
dat[err_byte_addr] = repaired;
ret= 0;
break;
case 2: /* Multiple error */
case 3: /* ECC area error */
printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: ECC uncorrectable errordetected. " "Not correctable.\n");
ret= -1;
break;
}
return ret;
}
在tq2440.h中定義CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE實現把所寫的數據再讀取一遍，然后與被寫入的數據之間進行比較來判斷所寫數據的正確性。
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE
drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c：nand_write_page函數
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE
/* Send command to read back the data */
chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 0, page);
if (chip->verify_buf(mtd, buf, mtd->writesize))
return -EIO;
#endif
最后可以將malloc區域的大小重新改成4M+160KB，修改tq2440.h：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (2 * 1024 * 1024)
改為：
#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN (4 * 1024 * 1024)
重新編譯，下載運行，正常。
進入將剛才移植好的u-boot-2014.04頂層目錄，執行如下命令
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ mv u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ cd u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2$ make distclean
解壓未修改過的
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ tar -xjf u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2
制作補丁
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ diff -urwNB u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2/ > u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch
打補丁
進入未修改的u-boot-2014.04源碼目錄
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ patch -p1 < ../u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config
pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make
向NorFlash中燒寫uboot:
protect off all
tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
erase 0 +40000
cp.b 0x30000000 0x0 0x40000
向NandFlash中燒寫uboot
tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin
nand erase.part u-boot
#前提是在tq2440中做了配置：
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nand0=tq2440-0"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot)," \
"1m(params)," \
"3m(kernel)," \
"-(rootfs)"
#參見第七步
nand write 0x30000000 u-boot 0x40000
向NandFlash中燒寫內核：
tftp 0x30000000 uImage
nand erase.part kernel
nand write 0x30000000 kernel 0x300000
向NandFlash中燒寫yaffs格式的rootfs
tftp 0x30000000 root.bin
nand erase.part rootfs
nand write.yaffs 0x30000000 rootfs $filesize