使用GPS經緯度定位附近地點(某一點范圍內查詢)


需要手機查找附近N米以內的商戶,致想法是已知一個中心點,一個半徑,求圓包含於圓拋物線里所有的點,經緯度是一個點,半徑是一個距離,不能直接加減,下面提供C#的解決方法

數據庫中記錄了商家在百度標注的經緯度(如:116.412007, 39.947545)

最初想法,以圓心點為中心點,對半徑做循環,半徑每增加一個像素(暫定1米)再對周長做循環,到數據庫中查詢對應點的商家(真是一個長時間的循環工作),上網百度類似的文章有了點眉目

大致想法是已知一個中心點,一個半徑,求圓包含於圓拋物線里所有的點,這樣的話就需要知道所要求的這個圓的對角線的頂點,問題來了 經緯度是一個點,半徑是一個距離,不能直接加減

/// <summary>
    /// 經緯度坐標
    /// </summary>      
   public class Degree
    {
        public Degree(double x, double y)
        {
            X = x;
            Y = y;
        }
        private double x; 
         public double X
        {
            get { return x; }
            set { x = value; }
        }
        private double y; 
         public double Y
        {
            get { return y; }
            set { y = value; }
        }
    } 
 
    public class CoordDispose
    {
        private const double EARTH_RADIUS = 6378137.0;//地球半徑(米) 
         /// <summary>
        /// 角度數轉換為弧度公式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static double radians(double d)
        {
            return d * Math.PI / 180.0;
        } 
         /// <summary>
        /// 弧度轉換為角度數公式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static double degrees(double d)
        {
            return d * (180 / Math.PI);
        } 
         /// <summary>
        /// 計算兩個經緯度之間的直接距離
        /// </summary> 
         public static double GetDistance(Degree Degree1, Degree Degree2)
        {
            double radLat1 = radians(Degree1.X);
            double radLat2 = radians(Degree2.X);
            double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
            double b = radians(Degree1.Y) - radians(Degree2.Y); 
             double s = 2 * Math.Asin(Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(Math.Sin(a / 2), 2) +
             Math.Cos(radLat1) * Math.Cos(radLat2) * Math.Pow(Math.Sin(b / 2), 2)));
            s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
            s = Math.Round(s * 10000) / 10000;
            return s;
        } 
         /// <summary>
        /// 計算兩個經緯度之間的直接距離(google 算法)
        /// </summary>
        public static double GetDistanceGoogle(Degree Degree1, Degree Degree2)
        {
            double radLat1 = radians(Degree1.X);
            double radLng1 = radians(Degree1.Y);
            double radLat2 = radians(Degree2.X);
            double radLng2 = radians(Degree2.Y); 
             double s = Math.Acos(Math.Cos(radLat1) * Math.Cos(radLat2) * Math.Cos(radLng1 - radLng2) + Math.Sin(radLat1) * Math.Sin(radLat2));
            s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
            s = Math.Round(s * 10000) / 10000;
            return s;
        } 
         /// <summary>
        /// 以一個經緯度為中心計算出四個頂點
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="distance">半徑(米)</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Degree[] GetDegreeCoordinates(Degree Degree1, double distance)
        {
            double dlng = 2 * Math.Asin(Math.Sin(distance / (2 * EARTH_RADIUS)) / Math.Cos(Degree1.X));
            dlng = degrees(dlng);//一定轉換成角度數  原PHP文章這個地方說的不清楚根本不正確 后來lz又查了很多資料終於搞定了 
             double dlat = distance / EARTH_RADIUS;
            dlat = degrees(dlat);//一定轉換成角度數 
             return new Degree[] { new Degree(Math.Round(Degree1.X + dlat,6), Math.Round(Degree1.Y - dlng,6)),//left-top
                                  new Degree(Math.Round(Degree1.X - dlat,6), Math.Round(Degree1.Y - dlng,6)),//left-bottom
                                  new Degree(Math.Round(Degree1.X + dlat,6), Math.Round(Degree1.Y + dlng,6)),//right-top
                                  new Degree(Math.Round(Degree1.X - dlat,6), Math.Round(Degree1.Y + dlng,6)) //right-bottom
            }; 
         }
    }

測試方法:

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double a = CoordDispose.GetDistance(new Degree(116.412007, 39.947545), new Degree(116.412924, 39.947918));//116.416984,39.944959
            double b = CoordDispose.GetDistanceGoogle(new Degree(116.412007, 39.947545), new Degree(116.412924, 39.947918));
            Degree[] dd = CoordDispose.GetDegreeCoordinates(new Degree(116.412007, 39.947545), 102);
            Console.WriteLine(a+" "+b);
            Console.WriteLine(dd[0].X + "," + dd[0].Y );
            Console.WriteLine(dd[3].X + "," + dd[3].Y);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

試了很多次 誤差在1米左右

拿到圓的頂點就好辦了

數據庫要是sql 2008的可以直接進行空間索引經緯度字段,這樣應該性能更好(沒有試過)

lz公司數據庫還老 2005的 這也沒關系,關鍵是經緯度拆分計算,這個就不用說了 網上多的是 最后上個實現的sql語句

SELECT id,zuobiao FROM dbo.zuobiao WHERE zuobiao<>'' AND 
dbo.Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(zuobiao,',',1)>116.41021 AND
dbo.Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(zuobiao,',',1)<116.413804 AND
dbo.Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(zuobiao,',',2)<39.949369 AND
dbo.Get_StrArrayStrOfIndex(zuobiao,',',2)>39.945721

 

來自:jb51


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