前言
經常看見新同學對於安裝MySQL十分懼怕,這是因為不熟悉的緣故,確實源碼編譯比較麻煩,缺少各種依賴包也夠折騰的。當然還有預編譯包,但是對於新同學來說好像都挺麻煩的。當然有yum安裝,但是我們需要多實例,測試多個版本就不方便了。那么我來說說比較簡單的方法。使用沙箱環境。MySQL Sandbox是什么呢?簡單來說就是一個沙盒,可以用於快速搭建mysql的環境,讓我們可以不用費勁的去安裝,或者編譯。通常對於學習來說是不錯的選擇。畢竟我們是自己學習,而不是線上環境。項目主頁:http://mysqlsandbox.net/。對於安裝也是非常簡單的。我這里就采用 cpan來安裝,當然各位童鞋也可以采用源碼安裝。看你口味了。我反正喜歡簡單,能滿足需求就行,或許這也是我的性格哈。:)
1.安裝cpan
yum install cpan -y
2.安裝軟件依賴的包
yum install perl-Test-Simple -y
3.安裝MySQL Sandbox
cpan MySQL::Sandbox
4.設置環境變量(否則會拋錯)
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export SANDBOX_AS_ROOT=1' >> /root/.bash_profile [root@localhost ~]# source /root/.bash_profile
5.下載mysql二進制軟件包(我這里下載mysql5.6和mariadb-10,軟件各位童鞋自己搜索,我這里已經下載,如下)
[root@localhost mysql]# pwd /opt/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# ll total 588236 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 295874759 Jun 4 04:56 mariadb-10.0.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 306470256 Jun 4 04:56 mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@localhost mysql]#
6.在沙箱環境中運行我們mysql兩個實例
(1)首先創建mysql5.6的實例
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /opt/mysql/ [root@localhost mysql]# make_sandbox mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz unpacking /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz Executing low_level_make_sandbox --basedir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12 \ --sandbox_directory=msb_5_6_12 \ --install_version=5.6 \ --sandbox_port=5612 \ --no_ver_after_name \ --my_clause=log-error=msandbox.err The MySQL Sandbox, version 3.0.44 (C) 2006-2013 Giuseppe Maxia installing with the following parameters: upper_directory = /root/sandboxes sandbox_directory = msb_5_6_12 sandbox_port = 5612 check_port = no_check_port = datadir_from = script install_version = 5.6 basedir = /opt/mysql/5.6.12 tmpdir = my_file = operating_system_user = root db_user = msandbox remote_access = 127.% bind_address = 127.0.0.1 ro_user = msandbox_ro rw_user = msandbox_rw repl_user = rsandbox db_password = msandbox repl_password = rsandbox my_clause = log-error=msandbox.err master = slaveof = high_performance = prompt_prefix = mysql prompt_body = [\h] {\u} (\d) > force = no_ver_after_name = 1 verbose = load_grants = 1 no_load_grants = no_run = no_show = do you agree? ([Y],n)
看見各種提示都給出了,相信童鞋們都看的懂,選擇Y同意。
do you agree? ([Y],n) y loading grants .... sandbox server started Your sandbox server was installed in $HOME/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12 [root@localhost mysql]#
最后會有安裝路徑的提示,默認在家目錄下的sandboxes下。我們可以看看
[root@localhost sandboxes]# pwd /root/sandboxes [root@localhost sandboxes]# ll total 40 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54 Jun 4 05:25 clear_all drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jun 4 05:25 msb_5_6_12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3621 Jun 4 05:25 plugin.conf -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 56 Jun 4 05:25 restart_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2139 Jun 4 05:25 sandbox_action -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 58 Jun 4 05:25 send_kill_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 54 Jun 4 05:25 start_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 55 Jun 4 05:25 status_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53 Jun 4 05:25 stop_all -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 52 Jun 4 05:25 use_all [root@localhost sandboxes]#
那么如何啟動mysql呢,默認安裝以后就啟動了。
[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -fl mysql 2151 /bin/sh /opt/mysql/5.6.12/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/my.sandbox.cnf 2331 /opt/mysql/5.6.12/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/my.sandbox.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12 --datadir=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/5.6.12/lib/plugin --user=root --log-error=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/msandbox.err --pid-file=/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_sandbox5612.sock --port=5612 [root@localhost ~]#
可以殺掉進程,自己啟動看看,啟動停止腳本在/root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12
[root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# pkill -9 mysqld [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./start sandbox server already started (found pid file /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid) sandbox server started [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# rm -f /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12/data/mysql_sandbox5612.pid [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./start . sandbox server started [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]#
登陸mysql瞧瞧
[root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# pwd /root/sandboxes/msb_5_6_12 [root@localhost msb_5_6_12]# ./use Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.12 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
就這么簡單哈,當然有復雜的用法,大家可以試試,通常這樣能快速部署一個mysql用於測試已經足夠了。(下面的是mariadb實例,安裝實例都是一樣的)
[root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# pwd /root/sandboxes/msb_10_0_10 [root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# ./use Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
各個mysql實例的端口號就是mysql的版本號哦:)
[root@localhost msb_10_0_10]# netstat -nltp | grep mysqld tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5612 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2547/mysqld tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3015/mysqld [root@localhost msb_10_0_10]#
對於需要部署多個實例呢?同一個版本部署多實例,其實也非常的簡單,提供了make_multiple_sandbox這個命令,具體的參數自行help。或者查閱官方文檔。
對於部署多個實例,我們還可以添加一個環境變量,就是將實例安裝在指定的位置,
[root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# echo "export SANDBOX_HOME=/data/" >> /root/.bash_profile [root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# source /root/.bash_profile
下面默認部署3個實例(相同的版本)
[root@mysql-server-01 mysql]# make_multiple_sandbox mariadb-10.0.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz installing node 1 installing node 2 installing node 3 group directory installed in $SANDBOX_HOME/multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12 [root@mysql-server-01 mysql]#
默認部署3個實例,想要部署更多實例可以加參數--how_many_nodes = number,上面部署完成以后我們看看。
[root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# pwd /data/multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12 [root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# ll total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 365 Jul 13 16:18 check_slaves -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Jul 13 16:18 clear_all -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7811 Jul 13 16:18 connection.json -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 626 Jul 13 16:18 default_connection.json -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n2 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48 Jul 13 16:18 n3 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:17 node1 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:17 node2 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 13 16:18 node3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1088 Jul 13 16:18 README -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 204 Jul 13 16:18 restart_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 460 Jul 13 16:18 send_kill_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432 Jul 13 16:18 start_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jul 13 16:18 status_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 425 Jul 13 16:18 stop_all -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 315 Jul 13 16:18 use_all [root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]#
可以可以已經有3個節點了,我們登陸其中一個看看。
[root@mysql-server-01 multi_msb_mariadb-10_0_12]# ./n1 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 10.0.12-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. node1 [localhost] {msandbox} ((none)) >
現在是不是開始愛上MySQL Sandbox了呢?那你還等什么?心動就上吧!哈哈,就寫到這里了。
mysql sandbox經典講義(因為被牆,故放在網盤給同學們下載)
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sjLMJCx
參考資料
http://search.cpan.org/~gmax/MySQL-Sandbox-3.0.44/lib/MySQL/Sandbox.pm