Oracle Sql Loader的學習使用

 

最近由於遇到oracle控制文件的使用，雖然不是很復雜，但是從來沒有用過，專門花點時間看看。點擊 這里 查看詳細

1，概述：

Sql Loader: 一個批量工具，將文件數據導入到數據庫。可以導入一個表或者多個表，甚至可以在導入時修改數據。

2，使用

a,你電腦需要裝Oracle,不然你是找不到Sqlldr 這個命令的。

在控制輸入台輸入 sqlldr：

會列出相關的參數介紹。

> sqlldr
.
.
.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password           
   control -- control file name                  
       log -- log file name                      
       bad -- bad file name                      
      data -- data file name                     
   discard -- discard file name                  
discardmax -- number of discards to allow          (Default all)
      skip -- number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- number of errors to allow            (Default 50)
      rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct
path data saves
               (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
  bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes  (Default 256000)
    silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,
partitions)
    direct -- use direct path                      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
  parallel -- do parallel load                     (Default FALSE)
      file -- file to allocate extents from      
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions
(Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as 
unusable  (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued  (Default
FALSE)
  readsize -- size of read buffer                  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE 
 (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array  (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes  (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path  
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session  (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE  (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache  (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by position or by keywords.
An example of the former case is 'sqlldr scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter 
is 'sqlldr control=foo userid=scott/tiger'.One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords.For example, 'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo
logfile=log' is allowed, but 'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
 

 

 

b, sqlldr 將文本文件的導入到數據庫

這里看個簡單例子。看看sqlldr到底怎么工作的。

1,准備數據文件，例如input.txt.這個文件將導入到數據庫中。

首先查看我們數據庫的表格式。

create table student(
SNAME VARCHAR(20),
SAGE INTEGER,
SEMAIL VARCHAR(20),
SPHONE VARCHAR(20),
SADDRESS VARCHAR(20)
)

input.txt 文件

12,12,[e-mail],12,address
13,13,[e-mail],13,address
14,14,[e-mail],14,address
15,15,[e-mail],15,address
16,16,[e-mail],16,address
17,17,[e-mail],17,address
18,18,[e-mail],18,address
19,19,[e-mail],19,address

2，控制文件input.ctl

load data
infile 'input.txt'
append into table student   --這里用的Append.
fields terminated by ","   --這里表示逗號分割。
(SNAME,SAGE,SEMAIL,SPHONE,SADDRESS)

這里用的Append, 追加數據，還有幾個其他的參數：

   a，insert，為缺省方式，在數據裝載開始時要求表為空  

   b，append，在表中追加新記錄   

   c ，replace，刪除舊記錄，替換成新裝載的記錄

   d，truncate，同上  

 

3，sqlldr 調用控制文件

sqlldr username/password@Database control =input.ctl             //input.ctl 為控制文件

在這里需要提下，這里是會生成日志文件，默認為文件名文件名+.log. 當前為 input.log

如果執行失敗了，會生成bad file. 如果在當前執行中錯誤，會生成input.bad file。 

 下面指定Log 和bad 文件，當然可以加上路徑

sqlldr userid=username/password@database control=input.ctl log=input.log bad=input.bad  SILENT=(HEADER, FEEDBACK)

 

SILENT=(HEADER, FEEDBACK) 控制端不顯示信息，例如下面的信息將不再控制端顯示。只在日志文件中

Record 4: Rejected - Error on table EMP
ORA-00001: unique constraint <name> violated

 

 

當然是可以顯示指定的。

load data
infile input.txt
badfile  t.bad
discardfile t.dsc
append into table student
fields terminated by ","
(SNAME,SAGE,SEMAIL,SPHONE,SADDRESS)

 

 看看日志文件：input.log

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 20 17:36:52 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Control File:   input1.ctl
Data File:      input1.ctl
  Bad File:     input1.bad
  Discard File:  none specified
 
 (Allow all discards)

Number to load: ALL
Number to skip: 0
Errors allowed: 50
Bind array:     64 rows, maximum of 256000 bytes
Continuation:    none specified
Path used:      Conventional

Table STUDENT, loaded from every logical record.
Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND

   Column Name                  Position   Len  Term Encl Datatype
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---- ---------------------
SNAME                               FIRST     *   ,       CHARACTER            
SAGE                                 NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
SEMAIL                               NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
SPHONE                               NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            
SADDRESS                             NEXT     *   ,       CHARACTER            


Table STUDENT:
  1 Row successfully loaded.
  0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
  0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
  0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.


Space allocated for bind array:                  82560 bytes(64 rows)
Read   buffer bytes: 1048576

Total logical records skipped:          0
Total logical records read:             1
Total logical records rejected:         0
Total logical records discarded:        0

Run began on Tue May 20 17:36:52 2014
Run ended on Tue May 20 17:36:52 2014

Elapsed time was:     00:00:00.05
CPU time was:         00:00:00.04

 

4，查看數據庫

 

到此一個簡單的例子完成，從一個文本文件導入到數據庫。

文件可以為不同格式文件，.dat,.csv都可以的。

 

C,sqlldr直接在控制文件中導入數據。

 

load data
infile *
append into table student
fields terminated by ","
(SNAME,SAGE,SEMAIL,SPHONE,SADDRESS)
begindata
20,20,[e-mail],20,address  --這里是數據

 

 

D,當文件數據是以絕對位置分開的，我們可以直接截取。當然，截取的開始與結束必須小心了。

load data
infile t.dat
append into table student
(SNAME  position(01:20),
 SAGE position(21:23) ,
 SEMAIL position(41:60),
 SPHONE position(61:80),
 SADDRESS position(81:100)
 )

 

t.dat 文件

Jack                12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack2               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack3               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack4               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack5               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack6               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore
Jack7               12                  [e-mail]       134998879           Singapore

 

還數據在Load to database 的時候，load的數據是可以改變的。

LOAD DATA
  INFILE *
  INTO TABLE modified_data
  (  rec_no                      "my_db_sequence.nextval",
     region                      CONSTANT '31',
     time_loaded                 "to_char(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI')",
     data1        POSITION(1:5)  ":data1/100",
     data2        POSITION(6:15) "upper(:data2)",
     data3        POSITION(16:22)"to_date(:data3, 'YYMMDD')"
  )
BEGINDATA
11111AAAAAAAAAA991201
22222BBBBBBBBBB990112

 

可以將多個文件導入到同一個表或者多個表中

load data
infile t1.dat
infile t2.dat
infile t3.dat
append into table student
(SNAME  position(01:20),
 SAGE position(21:23) ,
 SEMAIL position(41:60),
 SPHONE position(61:80),
 SADDRESS position(81:100)
 )
 

 

這里有很多命令的解釋

這里有很多問題的回答（FAQ）

簡單實現幾個例子，稍后有時間添加多點理論知識，再邊學習邊完善了。