Oracle Database 11g R2 RAC 靜默安裝有如下步驟：
- 准備環境；
- 靜默安裝Grid Infrastructure；
- 創建ASM磁盤組；
- 靜默安裝Oracle RDBMS Software；
- DBCA靜默創建數據庫；
- 檢查與后期完善。
1、准備環境
准備環境包括：
- 安裝一台DNS、一台SAN、兩台數據庫節點服務器操作系統安裝與配置;
- 配置DNS服務(scan解析)；
- 划分LUN；
- RPM安裝所需軟件包；
- 滿足RAC安裝相關系統配置；
- 創建grid、oracle用戶並授權；
- 創建所需目錄並授權；
- 環境變量設置；
- iscsi掛載磁盤並分區格式化；
- ASMLIB驅動安裝及創建ASM磁盤；
- NTP服務禁止；
- 上傳介質並解壓。
其中，數據庫節點服務器和DNS服務器我都安裝了Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 64bit，SAN服務器安裝了Openfiler 2.3 64bit； 而數據庫軟件版本選擇11.2.0.3。 准備環境部分可參考： 《Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5(64位)部署安裝Oracle 11g R2 RAC(11.2.0.1)教程》 我這里就PASS之。
2、靜默安裝Grid Infrastructure（Oracle Grid Infrastructure silent mode installation） 我將Oracle提供的模板復制加以修改之后使用，這些模板在GI和DATABASE解壓之后根目錄下的response里。 GI只有一個模板：grid_install.rsp DATABASE有三個模板：db_install.rsp、netca.rsp、dbca.rsp
我不會詳細解釋模板里面的各項涵義，建議大家打開默認模板詳細閱讀。
[grid@rac1 response]$ pwd /install/grid/response [grid@rac1 response]$ vi grid_install.rsp [grid@rac1 response]$ cat grid_install.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$ > /tmp/gi.rsp[grid@rac1 response]$ cat gi.rsp oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en oracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIG ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=scan.luocs.com oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521 oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=rac-cluster oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsSubDomain= oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.gnsVIPAddress= oracle.install.crs.config.autoConfigureClusterNodeVIP=false oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=rac1:rac1-vip,rac2:rac2-vip oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=eth0:192.168.53.0:1,eth1:10.0.3.0:2 oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.diskDriveMapping= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskLocations= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.votingDiskRedundancy= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrLocations= oracle.install.crs.config.sharedFileSystemStorage.ocrRedundancy= oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcUsername= oracle.install.crs.config.ipmi.bmcPassword= oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=Oracle_12345 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=CRS oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=4 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS1 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/oracleasm/disks/* oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=Oracle_12345 oracle.install.crs.upgrade.clusterNodes= oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=false oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT=0 PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD= PROXY_REALM=
說明：11g圖形安裝的時候我們無法使用裸設備，Oracle從11g開始也不建議使用裸設備，而選擇ASM。但靜默安裝的時候我們可以通過配置這個模板來使用裸設備，但因為我一直超級喜歡ASM也是ASM支持者，所以這里不做裸設備的實驗。 注意：oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=，oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=，oracle.install.asm.OSASM= 這三項，如果全部設置為oinstall，會給出警告，下面詳細解釋。
oracle.install.asm.OSDBA= oracle.install.asm.OSOPER= oracle.install.asm.OSASM=
ASM database administrator (osdba) group ASM instance administrator operator(osoper) group ASM instance administrator (osasm) group
這里三個權限的選擇很容易拋出點問題來，我之前全部設置為oinstall，結果執行runInstaller的時候提示警告，后期也因為這個有了點問題。 警告類似： [WARNING] [INS-41809] Possible invalid choice for OSDBA Group. CAUSE: The group name you selected as the OSDBA for ASM group is commonly used for Oracle Database administrator privileges. ACTION: Oracle recommends that you designate asmdba as the OSDBA for ASM group, and that the group should not be the same group as an Oracle Database OSDBA group. [WARNING] [INS-41812] OSOPER and OSASM are the same OS group. CAUSE: The chosen values for OSOPER group and the chosen value for OSASM group are the same. ACTION: Select an OS group that is unique for ASM administrators. The OSASM group should not be the same as the OS groups that grant privileges for Oracle ASM access, or for database administration.
參考了Maclean的《Oracle安裝與操作系統用戶組》,然后我就改成如下，問題也就解決。 oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin
先檢測環境有沒有配置准備完畢：
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose Performing pre-checks for cluster services setup Checking node reachability...Check:Node reachability from node "rac1"DestinationNodeReachable?------------------------------------------------------------ rac2 yes rac1 yes Result:Node reachability check passed from node "rac1"Checking user equivalence...Check:User equivalence for user "grid"NodeNameStatus------------------------------------------------------------ rac2 failed rac1 failed Result: PRVF-4007:User equivalence check failed for user "grid" ERROR:User equivalence unavailable on all the specified nodes Verification cannot proceed Pre-check for cluster services setup was unsuccessful on all the nodes.
– 這里遇到了些問題，網上查了一下這個錯誤，有如下解決方式： # mkdir -p /usr/local/bin # ln -s -f /usr/bin/ssh /usr/local/bin/ssh # ln -s -f /usr/bin/scp /usr/local/bin/scp $ exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELL $ /usr/bin/ssh-add
但上面方法都無效，其實問題根源就是沒有做SSH用戶等效性配置。 Oracle從11g里可以在OUI圖形安裝過程中自動建立SSH用戶等效性配置，但靜默方式看來搞不定，我就嘗試了手動建立方法。 手動建立SSH用戶等效性配置方法玩過10g RAC的朋友都不陌生吧，我這里就只列出步驟：
節點1:# su - grid $ mkdir ~/.ssh $ chmod 700 ~/.ssh $ ssh-keygen -t rsa enter enter enter $ ssh-keygen -t dsa enter enter enter 節點2:# su - grid $ mkdir ~/.ssh $ chmod 700 ~/.ssh $ ssh-keygen -t rsa enter enter enter $ ssh-keygen -t dsa enter enter enter 節點1: $ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys $ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys $ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys yes rac2的密碼 $ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2的密碼 $ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys 手動執行測試：節點1: $ ssh rac1 date $ ssh rac2 date $ ssh rac1.luocs.com date $ ssh rac2.luocs.com date 節點2: $ ssh rac1 date $ ssh rac2 date $ ssh rac1.luocs.com date $ ssh rac2.luocs.com date
重新進行CVU檢測： [grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose ……省略N個PASSED行 Check: Membership of user "grid" in group "dba" Node Name User Exists Group Exists User in Group Status —————- ———— ———— ———— —————- rac2 yes yes no failed rac1 yes yes no failed Result: Membership check for user "grid" in group "dba" failed
……省略N個PASSED行 Pre-check for cluster services setup was unsuccessful on all the nodes.
– 有一個問題導致最后拋出了個unsuccessful問題，我以前也說過，這個CVU安裝前檢測只是一種參考，結果未必都要一個SUCCESSFUL， 你只要能夠確信Failed項並不影響你的后續安裝計划，那么你大可以忽略這個未成功的結果。 – 我能確信grid不在dba組也並不影響RAC的安裝與使用，所以忽略之。 – 如果你想去除這個問題，用root用戶在每個節點執行# gpasswd -a grid dba。
執行runInstaller
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile /tmp/gi.rsp StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...CheckingTemp space: must be greater than 120 MB.Actual25347 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.Actual3098 MB PassedPreparing to launch OracleUniversalInstallerfrom/tmp/OraInstall2012-11-01_03-31-18AM.Please wait ...[grid@rac1 grid]$ You can find the log of this install session at:/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2012-11-01_03-31-18AM.log The installation of OracleGridInfrastructure was successful.Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2012-11-01_03-31-18AM.log'for more details.As a root user, execute the following script(s):1./u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 2./u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh Execute/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:[rac1, rac2]Execute/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh on the following nodes:[rac1, rac2]As install user, execute the following script to complete the configuration.1./u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands Note:1.This script must be run on the same system fromwhere installer was run.2.This script needs a small password properties file for configuration assistants that require passwords (refer to install guide documentation).SuccessfullySetupSoftware.按照提示執行腳本節點1：[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions forgroup.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.節點2：[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions forgroup.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.節點1：[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.shCheck/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/install/root_rac1.luocs.com_2012-11-01_03-41-30.logfor the output of root script 查看這個日志輸出：[root@rac1 dbs]# cat /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/install/root_rac1.luocs.com_2012-11-01_03-41-30.logPerforming root user operation forOracle11gThe following environment variables are setas: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid Creating/etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhen a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Using configuration parameter file:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directory User ignored Prerequisites during installation OLR initialization - successful root wallet root wallet cert root cert export peer wallet profile reader wallet pa wallet peer wallet keys pa wallet keys peer cert request pa cert request peer cert pa cert peer root cert TP profile reader root cert TP pa root cert TP peer pa cert TP pa peer cert TP profile reader pa cert TP profile reader peer cert TP peer user cert pa user cert AddingClusterware entries to inittab CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded ASM created and started successfully.DiskGroup CRS created successfully. clscfg:-install mode specified Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..Operation successful. CRS-4256:Updating the profile Successful addition of voting disk 773f8f28fd984f00bf70c5b7b56228ae.Successfully replaced voting disk groupwith+CRS. CRS-4256:Updating the profile CRS-4266:Voting file(s) successfully replaced ## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group------------------------------------------1. ONLINE 773f8f28fd984f00bf70c5b7b56228ae(/dev/oracleasm/disks/CRS1)[CRS]Located1 voting disk(s). CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'rac1' succeeded CRS-2672:Attempting to start 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1' CRS-2676:Start of 'ora.registry.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded ConfigureOracleGridInfrastructurefor a Cluster... succeeded 節點2：[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.shCheck/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/install/root_rac2.luocs.com_2012-11-01_03-52-03.logfor the output of root script 查看輸出日志：[root@rac2 ~]# cat /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/install/root_rac2.luocs.com_2012-11-01_03-52-03.logPerforming root user operation forOracle11gThe following environment variables are setas: ORACLE_OWNER= grid ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid Creating/etc/oratab file...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhen a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Using configuration parameter file:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directory User ignored Prerequisites during installation OLR initialization - successful AddingClusterware entries to inittab CRS-4402:The CSS daemon was started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node rac1, number 1,andis terminating An active cluster was found during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster ConfigureOracleGridInfrastructurefor a Cluster... succeeded
我參考的文檔里說是會在ORACLE_HOME目錄下生成名為“cfgrsp.properties”的文件，但我的環境里始終沒有看到。 所以我就手動創建一個cfgrsp.properties文件：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs [grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ touch cfgrsp.properties 然后填寫口令內容：[grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ cat cfgrsp.properties oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=Oracle_12345 oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMMONITORPASSWORD==Oracle_12345[root@rac1 ~]# whoami root [root@rac1 ~]# chmod 600 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/cfgrsp.properties 執行語句：[grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ whoami grid [grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ pwd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs [grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ [grid@rac1 cfgtoollogs]$ ./configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=./cfgrsp.properties Setting the invPtrLoc to /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc perform - mode is starting for action: configure perform - mode finished for action: configure You can see the log file:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/oui/configActions2012-10-31_06-38-03-PM.log 查看日志：[root@rac1 ~]# cat /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/oui/configActions2012-10-31_06-38-03-PM.log###################################################The action configuration is performing ------------------------------------------------------The plug-inUpdateInventoryis running /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/oui/bin/runInstaller -nowait -noconsole -waitforcompletion -ignoreSysPrereqs -updateNodeList -silent CRS=true"CLUSTER_NODES={rac1,rac2}" ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB.Actual3098 MB PassedThe inventory pointer is located at /etc/oraInst.loc The inventory is located at /u01/app/oraInventory The plug-inUpdateInventory has successfully been performed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The plug-inOracleNetConfigurationAssistantis running Parsing command line arguments:Parameter"orahome"=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid Parameter"orahnam"=Ora11g_gridinfrahome1Parameter"instype"= typical Parameter"inscomp"= client,oraclenet,javavm,server Parameter"insprtcl"= tcp Parameter"cfg"=localParameter"authadp"= NO_VALUE Parameter"responsefile"=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/install/netca_typ.rsp Parameter"silent"=trueParameter"silent"=trueDone parsing command line arguments.OracleNetServicesConfiguration:Profile configuration complete.Profile configuration complete.Listener"LISTENER" already exists.OracleNetServices configuration successful.Theexit code is0The plug-inOracleNetConfigurationAssistant has successfully been performed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The plug-inAutomaticStorageManagementConfigurationAssistantis running The plug-inAutomaticStorageManagementConfigurationAssistant has successfully been performed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The plug-inOracleClusterVerificationUtilityis running Performing post-checks for cluster services setup Checking node reachability...Node reachability check passed from node "rac1"Checking user equivalence...User equivalence check passed for user "grid"Checking node connectivity...Checking hosts config file...Verification of the hosts config file successful Check:Node connectivity forinterface"eth0"Node connectivity passed forinterface"eth0" TCP connectivity check passed for subnet "192.168.53.0"Check:Node connectivity forinterface"eth1"Node connectivity passed forinterface"eth1" TCP connectivity check passed for subnet "10.0.3.0"Checking subnet mask consistency...Subnet mask consistency check passed for subnet "192.168.53.0".Subnet mask consistency check passed for subnet "10.0.3.0".Subnet mask consistency check passed.Node connectivity check passed Checking multicast communication...Checking subnet "192.168.53.0"for multicast communication with multicast group"230.0.1.0"...Check of subnet "192.168.53.0"for multicast communication with multicast group"230.0.1.0" passed.Checking subnet "10.0.3.0"for multicast communication with multicast group"230.0.1.0"...Check of subnet "10.0.3.0"for multicast communication with multicast group"230.0.1.0" passed.Check of multicast communication passed.Time zone consistency check passed CheckingOracleClusterVotingDisk configuration... ASM Running check passed. ASM is running on all specified nodes OracleClusterVotingDisk configuration check passed CheckingCluster manager integrity...Checking CSS daemon...OracleClusterSynchronizationServices appear to be online.Cluster manager integrity check passed UDev attributes check for OCR locations started...UDev attributes check passed for OCR locations UDev attributes check forVotingDisk locations started...UDev attributes check passed forVotingDisk locations Default user file creation mask check passed Checking cluster integrity...Cluster integrity check passed Checking OCR integrity...Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...All nodes free of non-clustered,local-only configurations ASM Running check passed. ASM is running on all specified nodes Checking OCR config file "/etc/oracle/ocr.loc"... OCR config file "/etc/oracle/ocr.loc" check successful Diskgroupfor ocr location "+CRS" available on all the nodes NOTE:This check does not verify the integrity of the OCR contents.Execute'ocrcheck'as a privileged user to verify the contents of OCR. OCR integrity check passed Checking CRS integrity...Clusterware version consistency passed CRS integrity check passed Checking node application existence...Checking existence of VIP node application (required) VIP node application check passed Checking existence of NETWORK node application (required) NETWORK node application check passed Checking existence of GSD node application (optional) GSD node application is offline on nodes "rac2,rac1"Checking existence of ONS node application (optional) ONS node application check passed CheckingSingleClientAccessName(SCAN)...Checking TCP connectivity to SCAN Listeners... TCP connectivity to SCAN Listeners exists on all cluster nodes Checking name resolution setup for"scan.luocs.com"...Verification of SCAN VIP andListener setup passed Checking OLR integrity...Checking OLR config file... OLR config file check successful Checking OLR file attributes... OLR file check successful WARNING:This check does not verify the integrity of the OLR contents.Execute'ocrcheck -local'as a privileged user to verify the contents of OLR. OLR integrity check passed OCR detected on ASM.Running ACFS Integrity checks...Starting check to see if ASM is running on all cluster nodes... ASM Running check passed. ASM is running on all specified nodes StartingDiskGroups check to see if at least one DiskGroup configured...DiskGroupCheck passed.At least one DiskGroup configured Task ACFS Integrity check passed User"grid"isnot part of "root"group.Check passed CheckingifClusterwareis installed on all nodes...Check of Clusterware install passed Checkingif CTSS Resourceis running on all nodes... CTSS resource check passed Querying CTSS for time offset on all nodes...Query of CTSS for time offset passed Check CTSS state started... CTSS isinActive state.Proceedingwith check of clock time offsets on all nodes...Check of clock time offsets passed OracleClusterTimeSynchronizationServices check passed Checking VIP configuration.Checking VIP Subnet configuration.Checkfor VIP Subnet configuration passed.Checking VIP reachability Checkfor VIP reachability passed.Post-check for cluster services setup was successful.The plug-inOracleClusterVerificationUtility has successfully been performed ------------------------------------------------------The action configuration has successfully completed ###################################################
擴展內容： 這里我剛開始做的時候沒有加上cfgrsp.properties，直接運行./configToolAllCommands，結果沒有創建ASM口令文件。 [root@rac1 ~]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/dbs/ [root@rac1 dbs]# ls ab_+ASM1.dat hc_+ASM1.dat init.ora
然后我手動創建個： 節點1： [root@rac1 ~]# su – grid [grid@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [grid@rac1 dbs]$ orapwd file='orapw+ASM' entries=5 password=Oracle_12345
節點2： [root@rac2 ~]# su – grid [grid@rac2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [grid@rac2 dbs]$ orapwd file='orapw+ASM' entries=5 password=Oracle_12345
但最后依然遇到了些問題，所以這個步驟上務必帶上cfgrsp.properties項。
簡單檢測：
看CRS服務資源狀態：[grid@rac1 grid]$ crs_stat -t NameTypeTargetStateHost------------------------------------------------------------ ora.CRS.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....N3.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 繼續執行幾個命令來確保集群服務的啟動情況[grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl stat res -t -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------LocalResources-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.CRS.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started ora.gsd OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 ora.net1.network ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.ons ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.registry.acfs ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cvu 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.oc4j 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.scan1.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.scan2.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.scan3.vip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 [grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl stat res -t -init -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.asm1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started ora.cluster_interconnect.haip 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.crf 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.crsd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cssdmonitor 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.ctssd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ACTIVE:0 ora.diskmon 1 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.drivers.acfs 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.evmd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.gipcd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.gpnpd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.mdnsd 1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 [grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl check cluster -all ************************************************************** rac1: CRS-4537:ClusterReadyServicesis online CRS-4529:ClusterSynchronizationServicesis online CRS-4533:EventManageris online ************************************************************** rac2: CRS-4537:ClusterReadyServicesis online CRS-4529:ClusterSynchronizationServicesis online CRS-4533:EventManageris online **************************************************************
OK，非常順利，到此GI成功安裝完畢！
3、創建ASM磁盤組 我們目前只創建了OCRVOTE ASM磁盤組，其實我們可以使用ASMCA圖形方式很方便容易地創建其他ASM磁盤，ASMCA也提供了靜默方式，請參考MOS ID 1068788.1。
[root@rac1 ~]# oracleasm listdisks ARCH CRS1 CRS2 DATA MYDATA [grid@rac1 ~]$ asmca -silent -configureASM -sysAsmPassword Oracle_12345-asmsnmpPassword Oracle_12345-diskString '/dev/oracleasm/disks/*'-diskGroupName MYDATA -disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/MYDATA'-redundancy EXTERNAL
當然我們也可以使用命令來創建其他ASM磁盤組，參考下面我的操作：
SQL>set pagesize 9999 SQL>set line 130 SQL> col NAME for a20 SQL>select name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB -------------------------------------------------------------------------- OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580--可見當前只有OCRVOTE磁盤組 SQL> col FAILGROUP for a30 SQL> col PATH for a40 SQL>select name, failgroup, path, disk_number from v$asm_disk; NAME FAILGROUP PATH DISK_NUMBER -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------/dev/oracleasm/disks/MYDATA 0/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCH 2 OCRVOTE_0000 OCRVOTE_0000 /dev/oracleasm/disks/MYCRS 0--這里還有/dev/oracleasm/disks/MYDATA和/dev/oracleasm/disks/ARCH磁盤組。 SQL> create diskgroup MYDATA external redundancy disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/MYDATA';Diskgroup created. SQL>select name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB -------------------------------------------------------------------------- OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580 MYDATA EXTERN MOUNTED 59625912-- OK，加載進來了，但這不表示其他節點也加載進來了。 SQL>select name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb from gv$asm_diskgroup; NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB -------------------------------------------------------------------------- OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580 MYDATA EXTERN MOUNTED 59625912 OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580 MYDATA DISMOUNTED 00--第二個節點MYDATE磁盤組狀態為DISMOUNTED。節點2：[root@rac2 ~]# su - grid[grid@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus /as sysasm SQL> alter diskgroup mydata mount;Diskgroup altered.節點1： SQL>select name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb from gv$asm_diskgroup; NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB -------------------------------------------------------------------------- OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580 MYDATA EXTERN MOUNTED 59625869 OCRVOTE EXTERN MOUNTED 1012580 MYDATA EXTERN MOUNTED 59625869-- OK已經都加載了。
4、靜默安裝RDBMS Softwar 首先，做SSH用戶等效性配置，這里操作略。
依然進行CVU檢測 [root@rac1 ~]# su – grid [grid@rac1 ~]$ cd /install/grid/ [grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre dbinst -n rac1,rac2 -r 11gR2 -verbose ……省略N個PASSED行
Check: Membership of user "grid" in group "dba" Node Name User Exists Group Exists User in Group Status —————- ———— ———— ———— —————- rac2 yes yes no failed rac1 yes yes no failed Result: Membership check for user "grid" in group "dba" failed ……省略N個PASSED行 – 依然是同樣的問題，這里忽略之
這次我使用database目錄下的db_install.rsp
[oracle@rac1 response]$ vi db_install.rsp 編輯之后[oracle@rac1 response]$ cat db_install.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$ > /tmp/db_install.rsp[oracle@rac1 database]$ cat /tmp/db_install.rsp oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition= oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.3.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.3.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=rac1,rac2 oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall= oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=www.luocs.com oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=luocs oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=700 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=ture oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle12345 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=ASM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=MYDATA oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=Oracle12345 MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD= PROXY_REALM= COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL= oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
說明：這里我們采用僅安裝RDBMS Software only，但我建議其他參數也最好配置上，免得出現Warning。
另外ORACLE_HOME我們需要注意一下,我們在圖形方式安裝的時候只要創建ORACLE_BASE目錄即可，家目錄會自動創建，但靜默方式不可以。 我們先檢查一下：
節點1：[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle[oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ ls $ORACLE_HOME ls:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:No such file or directory --可見這個目錄尚不存在，下面創建個[oracle@rac1 ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -p 節點2：[root@rac2 ~]# su - oracle[oracle@rac2 ~]$ mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -p
開始執行runInstaller：
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...CheckingTemp space: must be greater than 120 MB.Actual21986 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.Actual3098 MB PassedPreparing to launch OracleUniversalInstallerfrom/tmp/OraInstall2012-11-01_05-01-59AM.Please wait ...[oracle@rac1 database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2012-11-01_05-01-59AM.log The installation of OracleDatabase11g was successful.Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2012-11-01_05-01-59AM.log'for more details.As a root user, execute the following script(s):1./u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh Execute/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh on the following nodes:[rac1, rac2]SuccessfullySetupSoftware.在兩個節點執行腳本：節點1：[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shCheck/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_rac1.luocs.com_2012-11-01_05-15-34.logfor the output of root script 輸出的日志：[root@rac1 ~]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_rac1.luocs.com_2012-11-01_05-15-34.logPerforming root user operation forOracle11gThe following environment variables are setas: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhen a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.節點2：[root@rac2 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shCheck/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_rac2.luocs.com_2012-11-01_05-16-06.logfor the output of root script 輸出的日志：[root@rac2 ~]# cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_rac2.luocs.com_2012-11-01_05-16-06.logPerforming root user operation forOracle11gThe following environment variables are setas: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhen a database is created Finished running generic part of root script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.
OK，到這里Oracle RDBMS Software已經安裝完畢！
5、DBCA靜默創建數據庫 參考官方聯機文檔，執行如下語句
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName www.luocs.com -sid luocs -sysPassword oracle_12345 -systemPassword oracle_12345 -storageType ASM -diskGroupName MYDATA -datafileJarLocation $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates -nodeinfo rac1,rac2 -characterset AL32UTF8 -obfuscatedPasswords false-sampleSchema false-asmSysPassword Oracle_12345Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 9% complete 15% complete 21% complete 27% complete 30% complete Creatingand starting Oracle instance 32% complete 36% complete 40% complete 44% complete 45% complete 48% complete 50% complete Creating cluster database views 52% complete 70% complete CompletingDatabaseCreation73% complete 76% complete 85% complete 94% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/www/www.log"for further details.查看日志信息：[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/www/www.log Copying database files DBCA_PROGRESS :1% DBCA_PROGRESS :3% DBCA_PROGRESS :9% DBCA_PROGRESS :15% DBCA_PROGRESS :21% DBCA_PROGRESS :27% DBCA_PROGRESS :30%Creatingand starting Oracle instance DBCA_PROGRESS :32% DBCA_PROGRESS :36% DBCA_PROGRESS :40% DBCA_PROGRESS :44% DBCA_PROGRESS :45% DBCA_PROGRESS :48% DBCA_PROGRESS :50%Creating cluster database views DBCA_PROGRESS :52% DBCA_PROGRESS :70%CompletingDatabaseCreation DBCA_PROGRESS :73% DBCA_PROGRESS :76% DBCA_PROGRESS :85% DBCA_PROGRESS :94% DBCA_PROGRESS :100%Database creation complete.For details check the logfiles at:/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/www.DatabaseInformation:GlobalDatabaseName:www.luocs.com SystemIdentifier(SID)Prefix:luocs
OK，至此數據庫創建完畢！
6、檢查與后期完善
[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid[grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t NameTypeTargetStateHost------------------------------------------------------------ ora.CRS.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....N3.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.MYDATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.www.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /as sysdba SQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.3.0Production on ThuNov105:34:362012Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.All rights reserved.Connected to:OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.3.0-64bitProductionWith the Partitioning,RealApplicationClusters,AutomaticStorageManagement, OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTesting options SQL>select*from global_name; GLOBAL_NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WWW.LUOCS.COM SQL>select instance_name, status from gv$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS -------------------------------------------------------- luocs1 OPEN luocs2 OPEN SQL> archive log list Database log mode NoArchiveModeAutomatic archival DisabledArchive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 3Current log sequence 4
我們就簡單檢查這些，然后我們后期完善一下，比如開啟歸檔、開啟閃回恢復區、添加日志組與日志成員並調整大小、配置客戶端等一系列操作，這里並不記錄。
最后，在生產應用之前，請務必在測試環境操作一遍！
參考文章：
- Silent Installation Experiences with Oracle Database 11g R2 Real Application Clusters on Linux on System
- How to use ASMCA in silent mode to configure ASM for a stand-alone server [ID 1068788.1]
- Using DBCA Noninteractive (Silent) Configuration for Oracle RAC
- Oracle安裝與操作系統用戶組