MySql 字符串時間轉換

MySql中經常遇到字符串格式時間轉換成時間類型的情況：

SELECT STR_TO_DATE('Jul 20 2013  7:49:14:610AM','%b %d %Y  %h:%i:%s:%f%p') from DUAL;

-- 執行后得到結果:
'2013-07-20 07:49:14.610000'

另外還有int值和時間變量相互轉化的情況：

SELECT UNIX_TIMESTAMP(2009-4-5 12:50:58)  RROM DUAL;
-- 結果為:
1238907058

SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME(1238907058) FROM DUAL;
-- 結果為:
'2009-4-5 12:50:58'

 

還可以自定義輸出格式：

SELECT FROM_UNIXTIME( 1234567890, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S' ) FROM DUAL;
--結果為:
'2009-02-14 07:31:30'

具體格式符號如下：

%W 星期名字(Sunday……Saturday)
%D 有英語前綴的月份的日期(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 等等。）
%Y 年, 數字, 4 位
%y 年, 數字, 2 位
%a 縮寫的星期名字(Sun……Sat)
%d 月份中的天數, 數字(00……31)
%e 月份中的天數, 數字(0……31)
%m 月, 數字(01……12)
%c 月, 數字(1……12)
%b 縮寫的月份名字(Jan……Dec)
%j 一年中的天數(001……366)
%H 小時(00……23)
%k 小時(0……23)
%h 小時(01……12)
%I 小時(01……12)
%l 小時(1……12)
%i 分鍾, 數字(00……59)
%r 時間,12 小時(hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
%T 時間,24 小時(hh:mm:ss)
%S 秒(00……59)
%s 秒(00……59)
%f 毫秒(000...999)
%p AM或PM
%w 一個星期中的天數(0=Sunday ……6=Saturday ）
%U 星期(0……52), 這里星期天是星期的第一天
%u 星期(0……52), 這里星期一是星期的第一天
%% 一個文字“%”。

以下是官方文檔的說明：

11.3.2. The TIME Type

MySQL retrieves and displays TIME values in 'HH:MM:SS' format (or 'HHH:MM:SS' format for large hours values). TIME values may range from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'. The hours part may be so large because the TIME type can be used not only to represent a time of day (which must be less than 24 hours), but also elapsed time or a time interval between two events (which may be much greater than 24 hours, or even negative).

You can specify TIME values in a variety of formats:

• As a string in 'D HH:MM:SS.fraction' format. You can also use one of the following “relaxed” syntaxes: 'HH:MM:SS.fraction', 'HH:MM:SS', 'HH:MM', 'D HH:MM:SS', 'D HH:MM', 'D HH', or 'SS'. Here D represents days and can have a value from 0 to 34. Note that MySQL does not store the fraction part.

• As a string with no delimiters in 'HHMMSS' format, provided that it makes sense as a time. For example, '101112' is understood as '10:11:12', but '109712' is illegal (it has a nonsensical minute part) and becomes '00:00:00'.

• As a number in HHMMSS format, provided that it makes sense as a time. For example, 101112 is understood as '10:11:12'. The following alternative formats are also understood: SS, MMSS, HHMMSS, HHMMSS.fraction. Note that MySQL does not store the fraction part.

• As the result of a function that returns a value that is acceptable in a TIME context, such as CURRENT_TIME.

For TIME values specified as strings that include a time part delimiter, it is not necessary to specify two digits for hours, minutes, or seconds values that are less than 10. '8:3:2' is the same as '08:03:02'.

Be careful about assigning abbreviated values to a TIME column. Without colons, MySQL interprets values using the assumption that the two rightmost digits represent seconds. (MySQL interprets TIME values as elapsed time rather than as time of day.) For example, you might think of '1112' and 1112 as meaning '11:12:00' (12 minutes after 11 o'clock), but MySQL interprets them as '00:11:12' (11 minutes, 12 seconds). Similarly, '12' and 12 are interpreted as '00:00:12'. TIME values with colons, by contrast, are always treated as time of the day. That is, '11:12' mean '11:12:00', not '00:11:12'.

By default, values that lie outside the TIME range but are otherwise legal are clipped to the closest endpoint of the range. For
example, '-850:00:00' and '850:00:00' are converted to '-838:59:59' and '838:59:59'. Illegal TIME values are converted to '00:00:00'. Note that because '00:00:00' is itself a legal TIME value, there is no way to tell, from a value of '00:00:00' stored in a table, whether the original value was specified as '00:00:00' or whether it was illegal.