Eclipse中Ant的配置與測試

在Eclipse中使用Ant

    Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批處理命令執行程序，能非常方便地自動完成編譯，測試，打包，部署等等一系列任務，大大提高開發效率。如果你現在還沒有開始使用Ant，那就要趕快開始學習使用，使自己的開發水平上一個新台階。

    Eclipse中已經集成了Ant，我們可以直接在Eclipse中運行Ant。

    以前面建立的Hello工程為例，創建以下目錄結構： 
      

新建一個build.xml，放在工程根目錄下。build.xml定義了Ant要執行的批處理命令。雖然Ant也可以使用其它文件名，但是遵循標准能更使開發更規范，同時易於與別人交流。 

通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放編譯后的class文件，lib存放編譯和運行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文檔。

然后在根目錄下創建build.xml文件，輸入以下內容：

<? xml version="1.0" ?> < project name ="Hello world" default ="doc" > <!-- properies --> < property name ="src.dir" value ="src" /> < property name ="report.dir" value ="report" /> < property name ="classes.dir" value ="classes" /> < property name ="lib.dir" value ="lib" /> < property name ="dist.dir" value ="dist" /> < property name ="doc.dir" value ="doc" /> <!-- 定義classpath --> < path id ="master-classpath" > < fileset file ="${lib.dir}/*.jar" /> < pathelement path ="${classes.dir}" /> </ path > <!-- 初始化任務 --> < target name ="init" > </ target > <!-- 編譯 --> < target name ="compile" depends ="init" description ="compile the source files" > < mkdir dir ="${classes.dir}" /> < javac srcdir ="${src.dir}" destdir ="${classes.dir}" target ="1.4" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> </ javac > </ target > <!-- 測試 --> < target name ="test" depends ="compile" description ="run junit test" > < mkdir dir ="${report.dir}" /> < junit printsummary ="on" haltonfailure ="false" failureproperty ="tests.failed" showoutput ="true" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> < formatter type ="plain" /> < batchtest todir ="${report.dir}" > < fileset dir ="${classes.dir}" > < include name ="**/*Test.*" /> </ fileset > </ batchtest > </ junit > < fail if ="tests.failed" > *********************************************************** **** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... **** *********************************************************** </ fail > </ target > <!-- 打包成jar --> < target name ="pack" depends ="test" description ="make .jar file" > < mkdir dir ="${dist.dir}" /> < jar destfile ="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir ="${classes.dir}" > < exclude name ="**/*Test.*" /> < exclude name ="**/Test*.*" /> </ jar > </ target > <!-- 輸出api文檔 --> < target name ="doc" depends ="pack" description ="create api doc" > < mkdir dir ="${doc.dir}" /> < javadoc destdir ="${doc.dir}" author ="true" version ="true" use ="true" windowtitle ="Test API" > < packageset dir ="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes ="yes" > < include name ="example/**" /> </ packageset > < doctitle > <![CDATA[ <h1>Hello, test</h1> ]]> </ doctitle > < bottom > <![CDATA[ <i>All Rights Reserved.</i> ]]> </ bottom > < tag name ="todo" scope ="all" description ="To do:" /> </ javadoc > </ target > </ project >

選中Hello工程，然后選擇“Project”，“Properties”，“Builders”，“New…”，選擇“Ant Build”：

    

填入Name：Ant_Builder；Buildfile：build.xml；Base Directory：${workspace_loc:/Hello}（按“Browse Workspace”選擇工程根目錄），由於用到了junit.jar包，搜索Eclipse目錄，找到junit.jar，把它復制到Hello/lib目錄下，並添加到Ant的Classpath中：

   

 然后在Builder面板中鈎上Ant_Build，去掉Java Builder：
      

 再次編譯，即可在控制台看到Ant的輸出： 

Buildfile: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\build.xml init: compile: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\classes [javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\classes test: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\report [junit] Running example.HelloTest [junit] Tests run: 1 , Failures: 0 , Errors: 0 , Time elapsed: 0.02 sec pack: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\dist [jar] Building jar: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar doc: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\doc [javadoc] Generating Javadoc [javadoc] Javadoc execution [javadoc] Loading source files for package example... [javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information... [javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4 .2_04 [javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index for all classes... [javadoc] Generating F:\eclipse - projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css... [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags:
@todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names. [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 11 seconds

        Ant依次執行初始化，編譯，測試，打包，生成API文檔一系列任務，極大地提高了開發效率。將來開發J2EE項目時，還可加入部署等任務。並且，即使脫離了Eclipse環境，只要正確安裝了Ant，配置好環境變量ANT_HOME=<Ant解壓目錄>，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin，在命令行提示符下切換到Hello目錄，簡單地鍵入ant即可。