python 判斷 windows 隱藏文件/系統文件

linux 下隱藏文件是以句號 “.” 開頭的文件，根據文件名即可判斷是否為隱藏文件。

win 下是以文件隱藏屬性確定的，所以，只能通過微軟的 API 獲取隱藏屬性來判斷是否為隱藏文件。

1. windows attrib 命令獲取文件隱藏屬性

Syntax
      ATTRIB [ + attribute | - attribute ] [pathname] [/S [/D]]

Key
     +    : Turn an attribute ON
     -    : Clear an attribute OFF

 pathname : Drive and/or filename e.g. C:\*.txt
    /S    : Search the pathname including all subfolders.
    /D    : Process folders as well

   attributes: 

        R  Read-only (1)
        H  Hidden (2)
        A  Archive (32)
        S  System (4)

   extended attributes:
        E  Encrypted
        C  Compressed (128:read-only)
        I  Not content-indexed
        L  Symbolic link/Junction (64:read-only)
        N  Normal (0: cannot be used for file selection)
        O  Offline
        P  Sparse file
        T  Temporary 

2. 隱藏屬性值及其含義

Constants - the following attribute values are returned by the GetFileAttributes function:

FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY = 1 (0x1)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN = 2 (0x2)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM = 4 (0x4)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY = 16 (0x10)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE = 32 (0x20)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 128 (0x80)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY = 256 (0x100)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE = 512 (0x200)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 1024 (0x400)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED = 2048 (0x800)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE = 4096 (0x1000)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = 8192 (0x2000)
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED = 16384 (0x4000)

For example, a file attribute of 0x120 indicates the Temporary + Archive attributes are set (0x100 + 0x20 = 0x120.)

3. python 通過 win32api 獲取文件隱藏屬性

python 官網對 win32API 的簡單說明 https://www.python.org/download/windows/

下載地址 http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/

import win32file
·
filenames = [r'D:\test',
             r'D:\test\$RECYCLE.BIN',
             r'D:\test\.file_test.py.swp',
             r'D:\test\file_test.py']

for filename in filenames:
    print '%4d, %s' %(win32file.GetFileAttributesW(filename), filename)

運行結果：

4. 與運算（&）更直觀判斷隱藏文件

示例代碼如下，& 運算的結果與隱藏屬性值相對應，可以更直觀的判斷文件類型。

import win32file
import win32con

filenames = [r'D:\test',
             r'D:\test\$RECYCLE.BIN',
             r'D:\test\.file_test.py.swp',
             r'D:\test\file_test.py']

for filename in filenames:
    file_flag = win32file.GetFileAttributesW(filename)
    is_hiden = file_flag & win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
    is_system = file_flag & win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
    print '%4d, %s, %s, %s' %(file_flag, is_hiden, is_system, filename)