一、DER編碼密鑰對
先說下DER編碼,是因為JCE本身是支持DER編碼密鑰對的解析的,可以參見PKCS8EncodedKeySpec和X509EncodedKeySpec.
DER編碼是ASN.1編碼規則中的一個子集,具體格式如何編排沒有去了解,但最終呈現肯定的是一堆有規律的二進制組合而成。
PKCS#8定義了私鑰信息語法和加密私鑰語法,而X509定義證書規范,通常都會用DER和PEM進行編碼存儲,而在JAVA中則使用的
DER。
接下來看看如果通過DER編碼的密鑰對分別獲取JAVA的公私鑰對象。
1.下面一段是生成私鑰對象的,傳入參數是DER編碼的私鑰內容。
- @Override
- public PrivateKey generatePrivateKey(byte[] key) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
- KeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
- return keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
- }
2.下面是生成公鑰對象的,傳入參數是DER編碼公鑰內容,可以看到和生成私鑰的部分非常相似。
- public PublicKey geneneratePublicKey(byte[] key) throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException{
- KeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
- return keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
- }
二、PEM編碼
PEM編碼也是密鑰對較常用的編碼方式,openssl則是以PEM編碼為主,相對DER對人可讀性更強,以BASE64編碼呈現,外圍包上類似-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----。
JCE沒有對PEM直接支持的方式,但是可以通過第三方包例如bouncycastle解析,當然如果想要自己理解pem編碼結構,也可以自己寫代碼解析。
這里介紹下如何使用bouncycastle進行解析。
- FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("id_rsa");
- byte[] key = PrivateKeyUtils.readStreamToBytes(fis);
- Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
- ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(key);
- PEMReader reader = new PEMReader(new InputStreamReader(bais), new PasswordFinder() {
- @Override
- public char[] getPassword() {
- return "".toCharArray();
- }
- });
- KeyPair keyPair = (KeyPair) reader.readObject();
- reader.close();
- PublicKey pubk = keyPair.getPublic();
- System.out.println(pubk);
- PrivateKey prik = keyPair.getPrivate();
- System.out.println(prik);
- KeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubk.getEncoded());
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
- System.out.println(keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec));
- KeySpec keySpec2 = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(prik.getEncoded());
- System.out.println(keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec2));
看下這個輸出結果
- RSA Public Key
- modulus: 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
- public exponent: 10001
- RSA Private CRT Key
- modulus: 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
- public exponent: 10001
- xxx
- Sun RSA public key, 2048 bits
- modulus: 25367925677263221630752072905429434117596189021449325931333193529363239091429133073657699480437320802724298965580526553453499379398405915207286949216370963889754756788008021698178495726807109888833039800230667805051637457878962812581009778614579379073430749907762728841603230968432191178635884450213875555645164935313884823663096624318071901833679005494934145072511042211644746801428698070096755012497436134537077746175344235590315572214836519284172251946833712681076781034466422251569387242330311670205489884189790153154281087401570994337126054046621401176808489895271448688335849540690562754961439975230588159770903
- public exponent: 65537
- Sun RSA private CRT key, 2048 bits
- modulus: 25367925677263221630752072905429434117596189021449325931333193529363239091429133073657699480437320802724298965580526553453499379398405915207286949216370963889754756788008021698178495726807109888833039800230667805051637457878962812581009778614579379073430749907762728841603230968432191178635884450213875555645164935313884823663096624318071901833679005494934145072511042211644746801428698070096755012497436134537077746175344235590315572214836519284172251946833712681076781034466422251569387242330311670205489884189790153154281087401570994337126054046621401176808489895271448688335849540690562754961439975230588159770903
- public exponent: 65537
- xxx
中間內容太多,略去了一部分,看下重點的public exponent部分,發現不同,但其實是一個是10進制輸出,一個是16進制輸出,所以在這里提個醒,這里生成過程沒有錯的。
三、openssh公鑰
很多SSH公鑰習慣使用openssh格式的,下面介紹下openssh格式的公鑰如何解析,目前好像是沒有官方庫或者第三方庫提供支持的。
openssh公鑰呈現形式如
- ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQCW6qYq6m8gVOWLyTB1JGl1aLrJDOCIfErXWNUsNeUXg4UdAtSbkiA+Ta9Nx6oMR4w+OkPbxyivnzkZt1YpmDxrm1z99z81/VyVw+lue+3neRjTgfGMascG+46b7DpEKLXlfS2hwOA+4ooRIeR+LbQZVovy5SP6ZTngskiqcySYqQ== RSA-1024
以ssh-rsa打頭,描述“RSA-1024”結尾的形式,中間是Base64編碼。
這里過濾掉除了Base64外的其他部分,解碼Base64得到公鑰二進制內容。
這里二進制編碼格式如下:
前11字節固定
0 0 0 7 's' 's' 'h' '-' ‘r' 's' 'a'
緊接着4個字節為一個int值,表示public exponent所占字節長度
可通過移位符及相加或者BigInteger方式實現轉換。
- public static int decodeUInt32(byte[] key, int start_index){
- byte[] test = Arrays.copyOfRange(key, start_index, start_index + 4);
- return new BigInteger(test).intValue();
- // int int_24 = (key[start_index++] << 24) & 0xff;
- // int int_16 = (key[start_index++] << 16) & 0xff;
- // int int_8 = (key[start_index++] << 8) & 0xff;
- // int int_0 = key[start_index++] & 0xff;
- // return int_24 + int_16 + int_8 + int_0;
- }
得到長度后,再從后一字節開始讀取該長度字節作為public exponent的值,構造相應BigInteger。
再緊接着4個字節也是一個int值,表示modulus所占字節長度,同理轉換得到長度。
再根據長度讀取字節數組得到modulus值即可。
相應代碼如下
- public static RSAPublicKey decodePublicKey(byte[] key) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException{
- byte[] sshrsa = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 7, 's', 's', 'h', '-', 'r', 's',
- 'a' };
- int start_index = sshrsa.length;
- /* Decode the public exponent */
- int len = decodeUInt32(key, start_index);
- start_index += 4;
- byte[] pe_b = new byte[len];
- for(int i= 0 ; i < len; i++){
- pe_b[i] = key[start_index++];
- }
- BigInteger pe = new BigInteger(pe_b);
- /* Decode the modulus */
- len = decodeUInt32(key, start_index);
- start_index += 4;
- byte[] md_b = new byte[len];
- for(int i = 0 ; i < len; i++){
- md_b[i] = key[start_index++];
- }
- BigInteger md = new BigInteger(md_b);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
- KeySpec ks = new RSAPublicKeySpec(md, pe);
- return (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(ks);
- }