如果我們需要動態的用AJAX從服務器端獲取HTML代碼,拼接字符串是一種不好的方式,所以我們將HTML代碼寫在cshtml文件中,然后通過代碼傳入model,動態獲取cshtml中的HTML代碼
當然,我們想要使用通用的方法去獲取cshtml,就必須重寫RazorViewEngine視圖引擎,配置視圖搜索位置
在查找一個視圖時,Razor視圖引擎遵循了MVC框架早期版本建立起來的約定。例如,如果你請求與Home控制器相關的Index視圖,Razor會審查這樣的視圖列表:
~/Views/Home/Index.cshtml
● ~/Views/Home/Index.vbhtml
● ~/Views/Shared/Index.cshtml
● ~/Views/Shared/Index.vbhtml
正如你現在知道的,Razor實際上不會在磁盤上查找這些視圖文件,因為它們還沒有被編譯成C#類。Razor查找的是表示這些視圖的編譯類。.cshtml文件是含有C#語句的模板(我們正在使用的這種),而.vbhtml文件含有Visual Basic語句。
你可以通過生成一個RazorViewEngine子類,來改變Razor搜索的這種視圖文件。這個類是Razor的IViewEngine實現。它建立於一組基類之上,這些類定義一組用來確定搜索哪種視圖文件的屬性。這些屬性如表所描述。
Property 屬性 |
Description 描述 |
Default Value 默認值 |
ViewLocationFormats MasterLocationFormats PartialViewLocationFormats |
The locations to look for views, partial views, and layouts 查找視圖、分部視圖、以及布局的位置 |
"~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" |
AreaViewLocationFormats AreaMasterLocationFormats AreaPartialViewLocationFormats |
The locations to look for views, partial views, and layouts for an area 查找一個區域的視圖、分部視圖、及布局的位置 |
"~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" |
這些屬性先於Razor的引入,這是每組三個屬性具有相同值的原因。每個屬性是一個字符串數組,它們是用復合字符串格式化符號來表示的。以下是與占位符對應的參數值:
● {0} represents the name of the view.
{0} 表示視圖名
● {1} represents the name of the controller.
{1} 表示控制器名
● {2} represents the name of the area.
{2} 表示區域名
為了修改搜索位置,你要生成一個派生於RazorViewEngine的新類,並修改表所描述的一個或多個屬性值。
在Infrastructure文件夾中新建一個CustomRazorViewEngine類
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace MvcApplication1.Infrastructure { public class CustomRazorViewEngine : RazorViewEngine { public CustomRazorViewEngine() { ViewLocationFormats = new string[] { "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared_PartialView/{0}.cshtml"//指定查找某個文件的路徑 }; PartialViewLocationFormats = new string[] { "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared_PartialView/{0}.cshtml"////指定查找某個文件的路徑 }; } } }
我們在Global.asax的Application_Start方法中,用ViewEngines.Engines集合來注冊我們的這個派生視圖引擎,像這樣:
protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); ViewEngines.Engines.Clear(); ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new CustomRazorViewEngine()); WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles); }
獲取html字符串的方法以及如何調用
public class HomeController : Controller { // // GET: /Home/ public ActionResult Index() { string html = this.ControllerContext.RenderViewToString("_CommonPartial", new UserViewModel() { UserName="haha"}); return View(new UserViewModel() { IsEnable = false, UserCode = "aa" }); } } public static class HelperExtensions { public static string RenderViewToString(this ControllerContext context, string viewName, object model) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(viewName)) viewName = context.RouteData.GetRequiredString("action"); context.Controller.ViewData.Model = model; using (var sw = new StringWriter()) { ViewEngineResult viewResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(context, viewName); var viewContext = new ViewContext(context, viewResult.View, context.Controller.ViewData, context.Controller.TempData, sw); try { viewResult.View.Render(viewContext, sw); } catch (Exception ex) { throw; } return sw.GetStringBuilder().ToString(); } } }