Linux Tomcat 6.0安裝配置實踐總結

系統環境： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)  64位

Tomcat下載

從官方網站 http://tomcat.apache.org/下載你需要的Tomcat版本，目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三個版本，下面我們以6.0(6.0.39)版本為例， 下載URL地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi ，如果你需要下載Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本，點擊鏈接地址“Archives“ http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/ 即可查看到你需要的版本。

 

Tomcat安裝

 

Step 1：安裝配置JDK

    關於JDK的安裝配置細節可以參考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安裝JDK 1.7，JDK最好選擇合適的版本，這里我為了方便省事，就安裝了JDK1.7.

[root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

[root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        tools.jar...
        localedata.jar...
[root@DB-Server tmp]# cd /usr/java/

配置環境變量，在etc/profile文件下添加

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# vi /etc/profile
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# source /etc/profile   --生效修改配置信息

[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $CLASSPATH
/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_25"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_25-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode)
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]#

Step 2：安裝Tomcat

[root@DB-Server tmp]#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz

[root@DB-Server tmp]#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat

[root@DB-Server tmp]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat


[root@DB-Server tomcat]# vi /etc/profile

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat


[root@DB-Server tomcat]# source /etc/profile
[root@DB-Server tomcat]# echo $TOMCAT_HOME
/usr/local/tomcat


[root@DB-Server bin]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin
[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

如果需要指定Tomcat在某個賬號下運行或管理，則可以通過下面腳本：例如，我要創建一個tomcat的賬號

[root@DB-Server ~]# groupadd tomcat

[root@DB-Server ~]# useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat

Creating mailbox file: File exists

[root@DB-Server tomcat]# chown -Rf    tomcat.tomcat   /usr/local/tomcat/

[root@DB-Server tomcat]#passwd tomcat

Changing password for user tomcat.

New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

在瀏覽器里面輸入http://localhost:8080/  （默認端口為8080,可以修改該端口號） 驗證Tomcat是否安裝成功，如果安裝成功，則會看到Tomcat的index.jsp並證明Tomcat啟動成功了

Tomcat配置

關於Tomcat的目錄結構，可以參考下面簡單的描述，

[root@DB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39]# ls

bin       lib                logs           RELEASE-NOTES      temp     work

conf     LICENSE     NOTICE     RUNNING.txt               webapps

    主目錄下面有bin、lib等目錄

    bin            存放Tomcat啟動、停止服務程序以及一些其他腳本程序

    lib             存放Tomcat運行需要的jar包

    log            存放Tomcat運行的相關日志文件

    conf          存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等

    temp         存放Tomcat運行的臨時文件。

    webapps   Web應用的發布目錄，默認情況下把Web應用文件放於此目錄。

    work          Tomcat的工作目錄，默認情況下把編譯JSP文件生成的servlet類文件放於此目錄下

1：啟動Tomcat服務

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

2：關閉Tomcat服務

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]#

3：查看Tomcat版本

       有時候，如果當你接手去管理Tomcat,  可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息，以及配置，那么怎么查看呢，去Tomcat的主目錄下的bin目錄下，執行version.sh,你就能查看到很多詳細信息。

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./version.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39

Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33

Server number: 6.0.39.0

OS Name: Linux

OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5

Architecture: amd64

JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15

JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation

4：設置管理密碼

    如果你要進入Tomcat的管理頁面：http://localhost:8080/manager/html ，這時會彈出下面認證界面，需要你輸入用戶名和密碼，如果你沒有配置過或者你忘了用戶名、密碼，那么應該找那個配置文件呢？其實你都可以通過配置文件tomcat-users.xml 來解決

[root@DB-Server conf]# more tomcat-users.xml

xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

>

omcat-users>

--

NOTE: By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required

to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app,

you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.

>

--

NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment

and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove

<!.. ..> that surrounds them.

>

--

<role rolename="tomcat"/>

<role rolename="role1"/>

<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>

<user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>

<user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>

>

tomcat-users>

修改配置文件前，要養成首先備份一份配置文件的習慣，以防需要回滾到最初設置時，忘了自己修改過哪些配置。一般建議源文件+日期+bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# vi tomcat-users.xml

<role rolename="admin" />

<role rolename="manager" />

<user username="admin" password="Qwe!23" roles="admin,manager" />

修改了配置信息后，一般需要重新啟動一下Tomcat才能生效，否則依然進入不了管理界面

Tomcat 7 下與Tomcat 6 稍有不同，如下所示：

<role rolename="admin-gui"/>

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>

<user username="admin" password="xxxx" roles="admin-gui , manager-gui "/>

5：修改Tomcat的默認端口

    有時候由於特性情況，需要修改Tomcat的默認端口8080，例如端口號被其它應用程序占用了等，這時你需要修改server.xml，在里面

找到如下圖所示地方，修改為port的值。注意：修改后需要重啟Tomcat服務。

  6：修改Tomcat使用的JDK

    首先我們先安裝JDK1.6，如下所示

[root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
Unpacking...
Checksumming...
Extracting...
UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP ([e-mail]).
  inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        tools.jar...
        localedata.jar...
        plugin.jar...
        javaws.jar...
        deploy.jar...
Installing JavaDB
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%]
   2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%]
   3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%]
   4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%]
   5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%]
   6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%]
Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.
Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
* Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
* Special offers on Oracle products, services and training
* Access to early releases and documentation
Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will
be presented. If you do not register, none of this information
will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by
opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation
directory) in a browser.
For more information on what data Registration collects and
how it is managed and used, see:
http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html
Press Enter to continue.....

Done.

修改catalina.sh，增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示，似乎不用重啟，Tomcat使用的JDK就改為了jdk1.6

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]#

另外，似乎網上也有文章介紹，在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 設置即可，那種比較合理，目前不得而知。

  7：Tomcat端口被占用分析

    有時候明明Tomcat配置OK，Tomcat服務啟動正常，但是打開頁面的時候出錯。這時可能是Tomat端口被占用了，你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -an | grep 8080

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -apn | grep 8080

一般你也會在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080“之類的錯誤。

[root@DB-Server logs]$ more catalina.out
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja
va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/../lib/amd
64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint
java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11Protocol.java:176)
        at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initialize(Connector.java:1058)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize(StandardService.java:677)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initialize(StandardServer.java:795)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:530)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412)
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
SEVERE: Catalina.start

這時要么修改Tomcat的默認端口號，要么修改其它應用程序的端口號。

 

Tomcat卸載

Tomcat的卸載非常簡單，只需要將Tomcat的CATALINA_BASE目錄刪除，然后刪除一些環境變量即可。

[root@DB-Server ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/