在這篇教程中，我們將介紹如何在微信公眾平台上開發天氣預報功能。我們將使用中國天氣網的氣象數據接口來獲取天氣信息。
這篇教程將介紹以下內容：
- 獲取中國天氣網的氣象數據
- 在微信公眾平台中回復天氣
一、中國天氣網
中國天氣網提供了豐富的氣象數據接口。下面我們介紹主要的幾個：
國家根節點接口：
http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/china.xml
該接口以XML格式列出所有的省（自治區、直轄市）的中文名稱（quName）和拼音名稱（pyName）及省會城市的天氣信息，其中廣東的數據如下：
<city quName="廣東" pyName="guangdong" cityname="廣州" state1="2" state2="7" stateDetailed="陰轉小雨" tem1="8" tem2="15" windState="微風"/>
該接口的主要功能是通過它獲取省級節點的拼音名稱。以廣東為例：其pyName是“Guangdong”。
省級節點接口（以廣東為例）：
http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/Guangdong.xml
該接口以XML格式列出當前省下轄所有市的中文名稱（quName）、拼音名稱（pyName）、中心坐標、天氣信息以及城市編碼。其中深圳的數據如下所示：
<city cityX="409" cityY="257" cityname="深圳" centername="深圳" fontColor="FFFFFF" pyName="shenzhen" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多雲" tem1="12" tem2="18" temNow="12" windState="微風" windDir="東北風" windPower="1級" humidity="74%" time="21:15" url="101280601"/>
在這個接口中主要獲取城市名稱及相應的城市編碼。例如，深圳的城市編碼為：101280601。可以編寫程序將全國城市拓撲結構采集下來。也可以使用方倍工作室已經采集好的，點擊這里下載。
實時天氣數據（以深圳為例）：
http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/101280601.html
該接口以JSON格式列出當前城市的實時天氣狀況。如下所示：
{ "weatherinfo": { "city": "深圳", "cityid": "101280601", "temp": "12", "WD": "東北風", "WS": "1級", "SD": "75%", "WSE": "1", "time": "21:20", "isRadar": "1", "Radar": "JC_RADAR_AZ9755_JB" } }
實時天氣數據參數說明下所示：
六日天氣數據（以深圳為例）：
http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101280601.html
該接口以JSON格式列出當前城市的六日天氣狀況。如下所示：
{ "weatherinfo": { "city": "深圳", "city_en": "shenzhen", "date_y": "2014年2月15日", "date": "", "week": "星期六", "fchh": "18", "cityid": "101280601", "temp1": "12℃~18℃", "temp2": "16℃~21℃", "temp3": "17℃~23℃", "temp4": "11℃~18℃", "temp5": "10℃~15℃", "temp6": "12℃~17℃", "tempF1": "53.6℉~64.4℉", "tempF2": "60.8℉~69.8℉", "tempF3": "62.6℉~73.4℉", "tempF4": "51.8℉~64.4℉", "tempF5": "50℉~59℉", "tempF6": "53.6℉~62.6℉", "weather1": "多雲", "weather2": "陰", "weather3": "多雲", "weather4": "中雨", "weather5": "多雲", "weather6": "陰", "img1": "1", "img2": "99", "img3": "2", "img4": "99", "img5": "1", "img6": "99", "img7": "8", "img8": "99", "img9": "1", "img10": "99", "img11": "2", "img12": "99", "img_single": "1", "img_title1": "多雲", "img_title2": "多雲", "img_title3": "陰", "img_title4": "陰", "img_title5": "多雲", "img_title6": "多雲", "img_title7": "中雨", "img_title8": "中雨", "img_title9": "多雲", "img_title10": "多雲", "img_title11": "陰", "img_title12": "陰", "img_title_single": "多雲", "wind1": "微風", "wind2": "微風", "wind3": "微風", "wind4": "東北風3-4級", "wind5": "微風", "wind6": "微風", "fx1": "微風", "fx2": "微風", "fl1": "小於3級", "fl2": "小於3級", "fl3": "小於3級", "fl4": "3-4級", "fl5": "小於3級", "fl6": "小於3級", "index": "較舒適", "index_d": "建議着薄外套、開衫牛仔衫褲等服裝。年老體弱者應適當添加衣物，宜着夾克衫、薄毛衣等。", "index48": "較舒適", "index48_d": "建議着薄外套、開衫牛仔衫褲等服裝。年老體弱者應適當添加衣物，宜着夾克衫、薄毛衣等。", "index_uv": "最弱", "index48_uv": "最弱", "index_xc": "適宜", "index_tr": "適宜", "index_co": "舒適", "st1": "19", "st2": "13", "st3": "23", "st4": "16", "st5": "24", "st6": "18", "index_cl": "適宜", "index_ls": "適宜", "index_ag": "不易發" } }
未來六日天氣數據主要參數說明如下表所示：
以上接口是我們做天氣預報功能將使用到的接口。
二、微信公眾平台開發
1. 需要將城市編碼對照表導入到數據庫中，以下是SAE導入后截圖
2. 將城市名轉為城市代碼的方法，這將在用戶發送城市名的時候調用
1 function fromNameToCode($name) 2 { 3 $mysql_host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M; 4 $mysql_host_s = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_S; 5 $mysql_port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT; 6 $mysql_user = SAE_MYSQL_USER; 7 $mysql_password = SAE_MYSQL_PASS; 8 $mysql_database = SAE_MYSQL_DB; 9 10 $mysql_table = "weather"; 11 $mysql_state = "SELECT * FROM ".$mysql_table." WHERE `cityName` = '".$name."'"; 12 13 $con = mysql_connect($mysql_host.':'.$mysql_port, $mysql_user, $mysql_password, true); 14 if (!$con){ 15 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); 16 } 17 mysql_query("SET NAMES 'UTF8'"); 18 mysql_select_db($mysql_database, $con); 19 $result = mysql_query($mysql_state); 20 $cityCode = ""; 21 while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) 22 { 23 $cityCode = $row['cityCode']; 24 break; 25 } 26 mysql_close($con); 27 return $cityCode; 28 }
3. 編寫接口調用函數，用於向天氣網發送cURL請求，獲取數據
1 function httpRequest($url) 2 { 3 $ch = curl_init(); 4 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); 5 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); 6 $output = curl_exec($ch); 7 curl_close($ch); 8 if ($output === FALSE){ 9 return "cURL Error: ". curl_error($ch); 10 } 11 return $output; 12 }
4. 編寫獲取天氣數據的函數，這里獲取實時天氣和未來3日天氣，並將返回結果封裝成圖文信息的數組
1 function getWeatherInfo($cityName) 2 { 3 $cityCode = fromNameToCode($cityName); 4 5 if ($cityCode == "") 6 { 7 return "錯誤的城市名或者此城市不在數據庫中!"; 8 } 9 10 //獲取實時天氣 11 $url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/".$cityCode.".html"; 12 $output = httpRequest($url); 13 $weather = json_decode($output, true); 14 $info = $weather['weatherinfo']; 15 16 $weatherArray = array(); 17 $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>$info['city']."天氣預報", "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>""); 18 if ((int)$cityCode < 101340000){ 19 $result = "實況 溫度：".$info['temp']."℃ 濕度：".$info['SD']." 風速：".$info['WD'].$info['WSE']."級"; 20 $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>str_replace("%", "﹪", $result), "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>""); 21 } 22 23 //獲取六日天氣 24 $url = "http://m.weather.com.cn/data/".$cityCode.".html"; 25 $output = httpRequest($url); 26 $weather = json_decode($output, true); 27 $info = $weather['weatherinfo']; 28 29 if (!empty($info['index_d'])){ 30 $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$info['index_d'], "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"", "Url" =>""); 31 } 32 33 $weekArray = array("日","一","二","三","四","五","六"); 34 $maxlength = 3; 35 for ($i = 1; $i <= $maxlength; $i++) { 36 $offset = strtotime("+".($i-1)." day"); 37 $subTitle = date("m月d日",$offset)." 周".$weekArray[date('w',$offset)]." ".$info['temp'.$i]." ".$info['weather'.$i]." ".$info['wind'.$i]; 38 $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$subTitle, "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/"."d".sprintf("%02u",$info['img'.(($i *2)-1)]).".jpg", "Url" =>""); 39 } 40 41 return $weatherArray; 42 }
5. 在微信公眾平台接口函數中處理收到的文本消息時，文本將為城市名，直接調用獲取天氣的函數
1 /* 2 方倍工作室 3 CopyRight 2013 All Rights Reserved 4 */ 5 6 define("TOKEN", "weixin"); 7 8 $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest(); 9 if (!isset($_GET['echostr'])) { 10 $wechatObj->responseMsg(); 11 }else{ 12 $wechatObj->valid(); 13 } 14 15 class wechatCallbackapiTest 16 { 17 public function valid() 18 { 19 $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"]; 20 if($this->checkSignature()){ 21 echo $echoStr; 22 exit; 23 } 24 } 25 26 private function checkSignature() 27 { 28 $signature = $_GET["signature"]; 29 $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"]; 30 $nonce = $_GET["nonce"]; 31 $token = TOKEN; 32 $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce); 33 sort($tmpArr); 34 $tmpStr = implode($tmpArr); 35 $tmpStr = sha1($tmpStr); 36 37 if($tmpStr == $signature){ 38 return true; 39 }else{ 40 return false; 41 } 42 } 43 44 public function responseMsg() 45 { 46 $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"]; 47 if (!empty($postStr)){ 48 $this->logger("R ".$postStr); 49 $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA); 50 $RX_TYPE = trim($postObj->MsgType); 51 52 switch ($RX_TYPE) 53 { 54 case "event": 55 $result = $this->receiveEvent($postObj); 56 break; 57 case "text": 58 $result = $this->receiveText($postObj); 59 break; 60 } 61 $this->logger("T ".$result); 62 echo $result; 63 }else { 64 echo ""; 65 exit; 66 } 67 } 68 69 private function receiveEvent($object) 70 { 71 $content = ""; 72 switch ($object->Event) 73 { 74 case "subscribe": 75 $content = "歡迎關注方倍工作室 "; 76 break; 77 case "unsubscribe": 78 $content = "取消關注"; 79 break; 80 } 81 $result = $this->transmitText($object, $content); 82 return $result; 83 } 84 85 private function receiveText($object) 86 { 87 $keyword = trim($object->Content); 88 89 include("weather.php"); 90 $content = getWeatherInfo($keyword); 91 $result = $this->transmitNews($object, $content); 92 return $result; 93 } 94 95 96 private function transmitText($object, $content) 97 { 98 $textTpl = "<xml> 99 <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName> 100 <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName> 101 <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime> 102 <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType> 103 <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content> 104 </xml>"; 105 $result = sprintf($textTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), $content); 106 return $result; 107 } 108 109 private function transmitNews($object, $arr_item) 110 { 111 if(!is_array($arr_item)) 112 return; 113 114 $itemTpl = " <item> 115 <Title><![CDATA[%s]]></Title> 116 <Description><![CDATA[%s]]></Description> 117 <PicUrl><![CDATA[%s]]></PicUrl> 118 <Url><![CDATA[%s]]></Url> 119 </item> 120 "; 121 $item_str = ""; 122 foreach ($arr_item as $item) 123 $item_str .= sprintf($itemTpl, $item['Title'], $item['Description'], $item['PicUrl'], $item['Url']); 124 125 $newsTpl = "<xml> 126 <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName> 127 <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName> 128 <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime> 129 <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType> 130 <Content><![CDATA[]]></Content> 131 <ArticleCount>%s</ArticleCount> 132 <Articles> 133 $item_str</Articles> 134 </xml>"; 135 136 $result = sprintf($newsTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), count($arr_item)); 137 return $result; 138 } 139 140 private function logger($log_content) 141 { 142 } 143 }
三、效果演示
四、如何擴展
1. 在數據庫加入郵編、區號、拼音等字段，可以擴展成使用區號等方式查詢，請參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/07/weixin-if4-weather-forecast.html
2. 擁有高級接口的用戶，可以使用結合語音識別+中文分詞技術，實現語音版的智能查詢，請參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/06/weixin-if40-voice-recognition.html
五、關於接口更新
1. 中國天氣網已經停步上述免費接口的更新，需要調用天氣數據需要申請SWA接口。
地址 http://smart.weather.com.cn/wzfw/smart/weatherapi.shtml
2. 中國天氣網的智慧天氣接口在微信公眾平台上的實現方法在《微信公眾平台開發最佳實踐》一書有講解
地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/weixin-development-best-practice.html