一、簡介
py2exe是一個將python腳本轉換成windows上的可獨立執行的可執行程序(*.exe)的工具，這樣，你就可以不用裝python而在windows系統上運行這個可執行程序。
py2exe已經被用於創建wxPython,Tkinter,Pmw,PyGTK,pygame,win32com client和server,和其它的獨立程序。py2exe是發布在開源許可證下的。
二、安裝py2exe
從http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/py2exe 下載並運行與你所安裝的Python對應的py2exe版本的installer，這將安裝py2exe和相應的例子；這些例子被安裝在lib\site-packages\py2exe\samples目錄下。
三、py2exe的用法
如果你有一個名為helloworld.py的python腳本，你想把它轉換為運行在windows上的可執行程 序，並運行在沒有安裝python的 windows系統上，那么首先你應寫一個用於發布程序的設置腳本例如mysetup.py，在其中的setup函數前插入語句 import py2exe 。
mysetup.py示例如下:
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup(console=["helloworld.py"])
如果顯示錯誤提示的話 “ msvcp90.dll: no such file or directory”
請嘗試下面的方法：
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup( console=["helloworld.py"], options = { "py2exe": { "dll_excludes": ["MSVCP90.dll"] } } )
然后按下面的方法運行mysetup.py: （dos: cmd => cd desktop => mysetup.py py2exe）
python mysetup.py py2exe
上面的命令執行后將產生一個名為dist的子目錄，其中包含了helloworld.exe,python24.dll,library.zip這些文件。
如果你的helloworld.py腳本中用了已編譯的C擴展模塊，那么這些模塊也會被拷貝在個子目錄中，同樣，所有的dll文件在運行時都是需要的，除了系統的dll文件。
dist子目錄中的文件包含了你的程序所必須的東西，你應將這個子目錄中的所有內容一起發布。
默認情況下，py2exe在目錄dist下創建以下這些必須的文件：
1、一個或多個exe文件。
2、python##.dll。
3、幾個.pyd文件，它們是已編譯的擴展名，它們是exe文件所需要的；加上其它的.dll文件，這些.dll是.pyd所需要的。
4、一個library.zip文件，它包含了已編譯的純的python模塊如.pyc或.pyo
上面的mysetup.py創建了一個控制台的helloword.exe程序，如果你要創建一個圖形用戶界的程序，那么你只需要將mysetup.py中的console=["helloworld.py"]替換為windows=["myscript.py"]既可。
py2exe一次能夠創建多個exe文件，你需要將這些腳本文件的列表傳遞給console或windows的關鍵字參數。如果你有幾個相關聯的腳本，那么這是很有用的。
運行下面個命令，將顯示py2exe命令的所有命令行標記。
python mysetup.py py2exe --help
Global options: --verbose (-v) run verbosely (default) --quiet (-q) run quietly (turns verbosity off) --dry-run (-n) don't actually do anything --help (-h) show detailed help message Options for 'py2exe' command: --optimize (-O) optimization level: -O1 for "python -O", -O2 for "python -OO", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0] --dist-dir (-d) directory to put final built distributions in (default is dist) --excludes (-e) comma-separated list of modules to exclude --dll-excludes comma-separated list of DLLs to exclude --ignores comma-separated list of modules to ignore if they are not found --includes (-i) comma-separated list of modules to include --packages (-p) comma-separated list of packages to include --compressed (-c) create a compressed zipfile --xref (-x) create and show a module cross reference --bundle-files (-b) bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid levels are 1, 2, or 3 (default) --skip-archive do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put them directly in the file system --ascii (-a) do not automatically include encodings and codecs --custom-boot-script Python file that will be run when setting up the runtime environment usage: setup_py2exe.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...] or: setup_py2exe.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...] or: setup_py2exe.py --help-commands or: setup_py2exe.py cmd --help
四、指定額外的文件
一些應用程序在運行時需要額外的文件，諸如配置文件、字體、位圖。
如果在安裝腳本中用data_files可選項指定了那些額外的文件，那么py2exe能將這些文件拷貝到dist子目錄中。data_files應包含一個元組(target-dir, files)列表，其中的files是這些額外的文件的列表。
示例如下：
PythonCode: # mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup import glob import py2exe setup(console=["helloworld.py"], data_files=[("bitmaps", ["bm/large.gif", "bm/small.gif"]), ("fonts", glob.glob("fonts\\*.fnt"))], )
說明：data_files選項將創建一個子目錄dist\bitmaps，其中包含兩個.gif文件；一個子目錄dist\fonts，其中包含了所有的.fnt文件。
五、Windows NT services
你可以通過傳遞一個service關鍵字參數給setup函數來建造Windows NT services
,這個service參數的值必須是一個Python模塊名(包含一service類)的列表。
示例如下：
PythonCode: # mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup(service=["MyService"])
所建造的可執行的service是可以通過在其后跟一定的命令行參數標記來自行安裝和卸載的。你可以通過在這個可執行的service(exe)后跟一-help參數來得到更多的幫助。
六、COM servers
你可以通過傳遞一個com_server 關鍵字參數給setup函數來建造Windows NT services
,這個service參數的值必須是一個Python模塊名(包含一個或多個COM server 類)的列表。
示例如下：
PythonCode: # mysetup.py
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup(com_server=["win32com.server.interp"])
默認情況下，DLL和EXE servers被建造，你不需要它們的話你可以簡單的刪除它們。
一個標准的py2exe setup文件編寫
-*- coding: cp936 -*- from distutils.core import setup import py2exe includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] #要包含的其它庫文件 options = {"py2exe": {"compressed": 1, #壓縮 "optimize": 2, "ascii": 1, "includes":includes, "bundle_files": 1 #所有文件打包成一個exe文件 } } setup( options = options, zipfile=None, #不生成library.zip文件 console=[{"script": "hello.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "hello.ico")] }]#源文件，程序圖標 )
新 版本已經可以打包為一個文件了，以前都是一堆dll,pyd的。具體的變化其實只有一個地方。就是options里增加bundle_files項，值為 1表示pyd和dll文件會被打包到exe文件中，且不能從文件系統中加載python模塊；值為2表示pyd和dll文件會被打包到exe文件中，但是 可以從文件系統中加載python模塊。另外setup中使用zipfile=None可以不生成library.zip。
例如原來 的：
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] options = {"py2exe": { "compressed": 1, "optimize": 2, "includes": includes, } } setup( version = "0.1.0", description = "search panda", name = "search panda", options = options, windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }], )
只需要改為：
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] options = {"py2exe": { "compressed": 1, "optimize": 2, "includes": includes, "bundle_files": 1 } } setup( version = "0.1.0", description = "search panda", name = "search panda", options = options, zipfile=None, windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }], )
比如，這里我打包以前的DelphiCode2HTML的
# -*- coding: gbk -*- from distutils.core import setup import py2exe includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] options = {"py2exe": {"compressed": 1, "optimize": 2, "ascii": 1, "includes":includes, "bundle_files": 1} } setup( options = options, zipfile=None, name = "HelloGuys.", description = "this is a py2exe test", windows=[{"script": "F:\我的程序\Python\CSDN Code Edit\Code2Html.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "F:\書籍\我的圖標\圖標xp\Convert.ico")] }] )
下面列出他的一些 options
| keyword |
description |
| list of "data" files that you are going to need to run your executable such as .pngs, .jpgs |
Py2exe extends Distutils setup keywords
In addition to the standard distutils setup keywords, the following py2exe keywords specify what and how to build.
| keyword |
description |
| console |
list of scripts to convert into console exes |
| windows |
list of scripts to convert into GUI exes |
| service |
list of module names containing win32 service classes |
| com_server |
list of module names containing com server classes |
| ctypes_com_server |
list of module names containing com server classes |
| zipfile |
name of shared zipfile to generate; may specify a subdirectory; defaults to 'library.zip'. If zipfile is set toNone , the files will be bundled within the executable instead of 'library.zip'. |
| options |
dictionary { "py2exe": { "opt1": val1, "opt2": val2, ... } } |
The options dictionary of py2exe
The option keyword takes the following set of dictionary key: value pairs. The dictionary "key" names and the "value" types are listed in the table below.
| key |
value |
| unbuffered |
if true, use unbuffered binary stdout and stderr |
| optimize |
string or int of optimization level (0, 1, or 2) 0 = don’t optimize (generate .pyc) 1 = normal optimization (like python -O) 2 = extra optimization (like python -OO) See http://docs.python.org/distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.util for more info. |
| includes |
list of module names to include |
| packages |
list of packages to include with subpackages |
| ignores |
list of modules to ignore if they are not found |
| excludes |
list of module names to exclude |
| dll_excludes |
list of dlls to exclude |
| dist_dir |
directory in which to build the final files |
| typelibs |
list of gen_py generated typelibs to include |
| compressed |
(boolean) create a compressed zipfile |
| xref |
(boolean) create and show a module cross reference |
| bundle_files |
bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid values for bundle_files are: 3 = don't bundle (default) 2 = bundle everything but the Python interpreter 1 = bundle everything, including the Python interpreter |
| skip_archive |
(boolean) do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put them directly in the file system |
| ascii |
(boolean) do not automatically include encodings and codecs |
| custom-boot-script |
Python file that will be run when setting up the runtime environment |
Example:
setup( windows=['trypyglet.py'], options={ "py2exe":{ "unbuffered": True, "optimize": 2, "excludes": ["email"] } } )
For more information enter the following at the python command line:
>>> from distutils.core import setup >>> help(setup)
注意 windows 的用法，他可以代替 console， 如果你要集成 wxpython 的時候，一定會用的 ！
更多請查看 http://www.py2exe.org/index.cgi/ListOfOptions
如果程序中含有email類，並且壓縮時出現類似 “ImportError: No module named multipart ” 的錯誤，你需要如下的設置：
1. 嘗試將Lib下的email包，復制到當前文件夾中
2. 把['emai'] 放入includes中
3. 把['email']放入packages中
4. 繼續運行py2exe
如：
from distutils.core import setup import py2exe includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*",'email'] options = {"py2exe": { "compressed": 1, "optimize": 2, "includes": includes, "bundle_files": 1, "packages": ['email'], "dll_excludes": ["MSVCP90.dll"] } } setup( version = "0.1.0", description = "3th", name = "For My Lover", options = options, zipfile=None, windows=[{"script": "love.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "roses.ico")] }], )