Maven構建簡單的多模塊項目


  一般web項目會進行分模塊開發。這里簡單分為domain(領域層)、persist(持久層)、service(業務層)、web(交互控制層)。

  用Maven構建以上各層,結構如下:

                                                    

1、創建simple-parent,用來給各個子模塊繼承。

  1)進入命令行,輸入以下命令:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=cn.luxh -DartifactId=simple-parent -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

  可以看到在當前目錄生成了simple-parent目錄,里面有一個src目錄和一個pom.xml文件。

  將src文件夾刪除。

  2)修改pom.xml文件

將<packaging>jar</packaging>修改為<packaging>pom</packaging>

  pom表示它是一個被繼承的模塊,修改后的內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>simple-parent</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
</project>

 

2、創建simple-domain模塊

  1)在命令行進入創建好的simple-parent目錄,然后進入下列命令:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=cn.luxh -DartifactId=simple-domain -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

  可以看到在simple-parent目錄中生成了simple-domain,里面包含src目錄和pom.xml文件。

  同時,在simple-parent目錄中的pom文件自動添加了如下內容:

 <modules>
    <module>simple-domain</module>
  </modules>

  這時,simple-parent的pom.xml文件如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>simple-parent</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <modules>
    <module>simple-domain</module>
  </modules>
</project>

   2)修改simple-domain目錄中的pom.xml文件

把<groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>和<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>去掉,加上<packaging>jar</packaging>

  因為groupId和version會繼承simple-parent中的groupId和version,packaging設置打包方式為jar

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-domain</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>simple-domain</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
</project>

 

3、創建simple-persist模塊

  1)在命令行進入創建好的simple-parent目錄,然后進入下列命令:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=cn.luxh -DartifactId=simple-persist -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

  可以看到在simple-parent目錄中生成了simple-persist,里面包含src目錄和pom.xml文件。

  同時,在simple-parent目錄中的pom文件自動變成如下內容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>simple-parent</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <modules>
    <module>simple-domain</module>
    <module>simple-persist</module>
  </modules>
</project>

  2)修改simple-persist目錄中的pom.xml文件

  添加對simple-domain模塊的依賴,修改后的內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-persist</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>simple-persist</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
      <artifactId>simple-domain</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

 

4、創建simple-service模塊

  1)在命令行進入創建好的simple-parent目錄,然后進入下列命令:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=cn.luxh -DartifactId=simple-service -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

  可以看到在simple-parent目錄中生成了simple-service,里面包含src目錄和pom.xml文件。

  同時,在simple-parent目錄中的pom文件自動變成如下內容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>simple-parent</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <modules>
    <module>simple-domain</module>
    <module>simple-persist</module>
    <module>simple-service</module>
  </modules>
</project>

  2)修改simple-service目錄中的pom.xml文件

  simple-service依賴simple-persist和simple-domain,但是我們只需添加simple-persist的依賴即可,引文simple-persist已經依賴了simple-domain。

  修改后的內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-service</artifactId>
 <packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>simple-service</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId> <artifactId>simple-persist</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

 

5、創建simple-web模塊

  1)在命令行進入創建好的simple-parent目錄,然后進入下列命令:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=cn.luxh -DartifactId=simple-web -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

  可以看到在simple-parent目錄中生成了simple-web,里面包含src目錄和pom.xml文件,在\simple-web\src\main\webapp目錄中還生成了一個簡單的index.jsp,將里面的內容改為

  Hey,Maven!

  simple-web\src\main\webapp\WEB-INF目錄中生成了web.xml

  同時,在simple-parent目錄中的pom文件自動變成如下內容:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
  <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>simple-parent</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <modules>
    <module>simple-domain</module>
    <module>simple-persist</module>
    <module>simple-service</module>
    <module>simple-web</module>
  </modules>
</project>

  2)修改simple-web目錄中的pom.xml文件

     注意,web項目的打包方式是war,添加對simple-service的依賴

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>simple-web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
      <artifactId>simple-service</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>simple-web</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

 

6、至此創建好了這幾個模塊,怎么運行起來呢。

  1)由於最終運行的是simple-web模塊,所以我們對該模塊添加jetty容易支持,方便測試運行。修改simple-web項目的pom.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>simple-web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
      <artifactId>simple-service</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>simple-web</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

  2)命令行進入simple-parent目錄,執行如下命令

mvn clean install

   執行完后,在simple-web目錄下多出了target目錄,里面有了simple-web.war

  3)命令行進入simple-web目錄,執行如下命令,啟動jetty

mvn jetty:run

  啟動jetty服務器后,訪問http://localhost:8080/simple-web/

7、加入Servlet的依賴支持

  修改simple-web目錄的pom.xml,內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
    <artifactId>simple-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>simple-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>simple-web Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cn.luxh</groupId>
      <artifactId>simple-service</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
        <artifactId>geronimo-servlet_2.4_spec</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>simple-web</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

  

  最后,從eclipse中導入存在的Maven項目,選中simple-parent導入,即可在eclipse中進行開發了。

 

  


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