Java多線程系列--“JUC集合”09之 LinkedBlockingDeque

 

概要

本章介紹JUC包中的LinkedBlockingDeque。內容包括：
LinkedBlockingDeque介紹
LinkedBlockingDeque原理和數據結構
LinkedBlockingDeque函數列表
LinkedBlockingDeque源碼分析(JDK1.7.0_40版本)
LinkedBlockingDeque示例

轉載請注明出處：http://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3503480.html

 

LinkedBlockingDeque介紹

LinkedBlockingDeque是雙向鏈表實現的雙向並發阻塞隊列。該阻塞隊列同時支持FIFO和FILO兩種操作方式，即可以從隊列的頭和尾同時操作(插入/刪除)；並且，該阻塞隊列是支持線程安全。

此外，LinkedBlockingDeque還是可選容量的(防止過度膨脹)，即可以指定隊列的容量。如果不指定，默認容量大小等於Integer.MAX_VALUE。

 

LinkedBlockingDeque原理和數據結構

LinkedBlockingDeque的數據結構，如下圖所示：

說明：
1. LinkedBlockingDeque繼承於AbstractQueue，它本質上是一個支持FIFO和FILO的雙向的隊列。
2. LinkedBlockingDeque實現了BlockingDeque接口，它支持多線程並發。當多線程競爭同一個資源時，某線程獲取到該資源之后，其它線程需要阻塞等待。
3. LinkedBlockingDeque是通過雙向鏈表實現的。
3.1 first是雙向鏈表的表頭。
3.2 last是雙向鏈表的表尾。
3.3 count是LinkedBlockingDeque的實際大小，即雙向鏈表中當前節點個數。
3.4 capacity是LinkedBlockingDeque的容量，它是在創建LinkedBlockingDeque時指定的。
3.5 lock是控制對LinkedBlockingDeque的互斥鎖，當多個線程競爭同時訪問LinkedBlockingDeque時，某線程獲取到了互斥鎖lock，其它線程則需要阻塞等待，直到該線程釋放lock，其它線程才有機會獲取lock從而獲取cpu執行權。
3.6 notEmpty和notFull分別是“非空條件”和“未滿條件”。通過它們能夠更加細膩進行並發控制。

     -- 若某線程(線程A)要取出數據時，隊列正好為空，則該線程會執行notEmpty.await()進行等待；當其它某個線程(線程B)向隊列中插入了數據之后，會調用notEmpty.signal()喚醒“notEmpty上的等待線程”。此時，線程A會被喚醒從而得以繼續運行。 此外，線程A在執行取操作前，會獲取takeLock，在取操作執行完畢再釋放takeLock。 -- 若某線程(線程H)要插入數據時，隊列已滿，則該線程會它執行notFull.await()進行等待；當其它某個線程(線程I)取出數據之后，會調用notFull.signal()喚醒“notFull上的等待線程”。此時，線程H就會被喚醒從而得以繼續運行。 此外，線程H在執行插入操作前，會獲取putLock，在插入操作執行完畢才釋放putLock。

關於ReentrantLock 和 Condition等更多的內容，可以參考：
    (01) Java多線程系列--“JUC鎖”02之 互斥鎖ReentrantLock
    (02) Java多線程系列--“JUC鎖”03之 公平鎖(一)
    (03) Java多線程系列--“JUC鎖”04之 公平鎖(二)
    (04) Java多線程系列--“JUC鎖”05之 非公平鎖
    (05) Java多線程系列--“JUC鎖”06之 Condition條件

 

LinkedBlockingDeque函數列表

// 創建一個容量為 Integer.MAX_VALUE 的 LinkedBlockingDeque。
LinkedBlockingDeque()
// 創建一個容量為 Integer.MAX_VALUE 的 LinkedBlockingDeque，最初包含給定 collection 的元素，以該 collection 迭代器的遍歷順序添加。
LinkedBlockingDeque(Collection<? extends E> c)
// 創建一個具有給定（固定）容量的 LinkedBlockingDeque。
LinkedBlockingDeque(int capacity)

// 在不違反容量限制的情況下，將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的末尾。
boolean add(E e)
// 如果立即可行且不違反容量限制，則將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的開頭；如果當前沒有空間可用，則拋出 IllegalStateException。
void addFirst(E e)
// 如果立即可行且不違反容量限制，則將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的末尾；如果當前沒有空間可用，則拋出 IllegalStateException。
void addLast(E e)
// 以原子方式 (atomically) 從此雙端隊列移除所有元素。
void clear()
// 如果此雙端隊列包含指定的元素，則返回 true。
boolean contains(Object o)
// 返回在此雙端隊列的元素上以逆向連續順序進行迭代的迭代器。
Iterator<E> descendingIterator()
// 移除此隊列中所有可用的元素，並將它們添加到給定 collection 中。
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c)
// 最多從此隊列中移除給定數量的可用元素，並將這些元素添加到給定 collection 中。
int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)
// 獲取但不移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部。
E element()
// 獲取，但不移除此雙端隊列的第一個元素。
E getFirst()
// 獲取，但不移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素。
E getLast()
// 返回在此雙端隊列元素上以恰當順序進行迭代的迭代器。
Iterator<E> iterator()
// 如果立即可行且不違反容量限制，則將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列表示的隊列中（即此雙端隊列的尾部），並在成功時返回 true；如果當前沒有空間可用，則返回 false。
boolean offer(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列表示的隊列中（即此雙端隊列的尾部），必要時將在指定的等待時間內一直等待可用空間。
boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 如果立即可行且不違反容量限制，則將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的開頭，並在成功時返回 true；如果當前沒有空間可用，則返回 false。
boolean offerFirst(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的開頭，必要時將在指定的等待時間內等待可用空間。
boolean offerFirst(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 如果立即可行且不違反容量限制，則將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的末尾，並在成功時返回 true；如果當前沒有空間可用，則返回 false。
boolean offerLast(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的末尾，必要時將在指定的等待時間內等待可用空間。
boolean offerLast(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 獲取但不移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部（即此雙端隊列的第一個元素）；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E peek()
// 獲取，但不移除此雙端隊列的第一個元素；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E peekFirst()
// 獲取，但不移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E peekLast()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部（即此雙端隊列的第一個元素）；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E poll()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部（即此雙端隊列的第一個元素），如有必要將在指定的等待時間內等待可用元素。
E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的第一個元素；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E pollFirst()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的第一個元素，必要時將在指定的等待時間等待可用元素。
E pollFirst(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素；如果此雙端隊列為空，則返回 null。
E pollLast()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素，必要時將在指定的等待時間內等待可用元素。
E pollLast(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
// 從此雙端隊列所表示的堆棧中彈出一個元素。
E pop()
// 將元素推入此雙端隊列表示的棧。
void push(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列表示的隊列中（即此雙端隊列的尾部），必要時將一直等待可用空間。
void put(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的開頭，必要時將一直等待可用空間。
void putFirst(E e)
// 將指定的元素插入此雙端隊列的末尾，必要時將一直等待可用空間。
void putLast(E e)
// 返回理想情況下（沒有內存和資源約束）此雙端隊列可不受阻塞地接受的額外元素數。
int remainingCapacity()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部。
E remove()
// 從此雙端隊列移除第一次出現的指定元素。
boolean remove(Object o)
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列第一個元素。
E removeFirst()
// 從此雙端隊列移除第一次出現的指定元素。
boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o)
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素。
E removeLast()
// 從此雙端隊列移除最后一次出現的指定元素。
boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o)
// 返回此雙端隊列中的元素數。
int size()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列表示的隊列的頭部（即此雙端隊列的第一個元素），必要時將一直等待可用元素。
E take()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的第一個元素，必要時將一直等待可用元素。
E takeFirst()
// 獲取並移除此雙端隊列的最后一個元素，必要時將一直等待可用元素。
E takeLast()
// 返回以恰當順序（從第一個元素到最后一個元素）包含此雙端隊列所有元素的數組。
Object[] toArray()
// 返回以恰當順序包含此雙端隊列所有元素的數組；返回數組的運行時類型是指定數組的運行時類型。
<T> T[] toArray(T[] a)
// 返回此 collection 的字符串表示形式。
String toString()

 

LinkedBlockingDeque源碼分析(JDK1.7.0_40版本)

LinkedBlockingDeque.java的完整源碼如下：

/*
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
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/*
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util.concurrent;

import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * An optionally-bounded {@linkplain BlockingDeque blocking deque} based on
 * linked nodes.
 *
 * <p> The optional capacity bound constructor argument serves as a
 * way to prevent excessive expansion. The capacity, if unspecified,
 * is equal to {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.  Linked nodes are
 * dynamically created upon each insertion unless this would bring the
 * deque above capacity.
 *
 * <p>Most operations run in constant time (ignoring time spent
 * blocking).  Exceptions include {@link #remove(Object) remove},
 * {@link #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence}, {@link
 * #removeLastOccurrence removeLastOccurrence}, {@link #contains
 * contains}, {@link #iterator iterator.remove()}, and the bulk
 * operations, all of which run in linear time.
 *
 * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
 * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
 * Iterator} interfaces.
 *
 * <p>This class is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @since 1.6
 * @author  Doug Lea
 * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
 */
public class LinkedBlockingDeque<E>
    extends AbstractQueue<E>
    implements BlockingDeque<E>,  java.io.Serializable {

    /*
     * Implemented as a simple doubly-linked list protected by a
     * single lock and using conditions to manage blocking.
     *
     * To implement weakly consistent iterators, it appears we need to
     * keep all Nodes GC-reachable from a predecessor dequeued Node.
     * That would cause two problems:
     * - allow a rogue Iterator to cause unbounded memory retention
     * - cause cross-generational linking of old Nodes to new Nodes if
     *   a Node was tenured while live, which generational GCs have a
     *   hard time dealing with, causing repeated major collections.
     * However, only non-deleted Nodes need to be reachable from
     * dequeued Nodes, and reachability does not necessarily have to
     * be of the kind understood by the GC.  We use the trick of
     * linking a Node that has just been dequeued to itself.  Such a
     * self-link implicitly means to jump to "first" (for next links)
     * or "last" (for prev links).
     */

    /*
     * We have "diamond" multiple interface/abstract class inheritance
     * here, and that introduces ambiguities. Often we want the
     * BlockingDeque javadoc combined with the AbstractQueue
     * implementation, so a lot of method specs are duplicated here.
     */

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -387911632671998426L;

    /** Doubly-linked list node class */
    static final class Node<E> {
        /**
         * The item, or null if this node has been removed.
         */
        E item;

        /**
         * One of:
         * - the real predecessor Node
         * - this Node, meaning the predecessor is tail
         * - null, meaning there is no predecessor
         */
        Node<E> prev;

        /**
         * One of:
         * - the real successor Node
         * - this Node, meaning the successor is head
         * - null, meaning there is no successor
         */
        Node<E> next;

        Node(E x) {
            item = x;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Pointer to first node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> first;

    /**
     * Pointer to last node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (last.next == null && last.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> last;

    /** Number of items in the deque */
    private transient int count;

    /** Maximum number of items in the deque */
    private final int capacity;

    /** Main lock guarding all access */
    final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    /** Condition for waiting takes */
    private final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();

    /** Condition for waiting puts */
    private final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    public LinkedBlockingDeque() {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with the given (fixed) capacity.
     *
     * @param capacity the capacity of this deque
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is less than 1
     */
    public LinkedBlockingDeque(int capacity) {
        if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.capacity = capacity;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}, initially containing the elements of
     * the given collection, added in traversal order of the
     * collection's iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection of elements to initially contain
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
     *         of its elements are null
     */
    public LinkedBlockingDeque(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock(); // Never contended, but necessary for visibility
        try {
            for (E e : c) {
                if (e == null)
                    throw new NullPointerException();
                if (!linkLast(new Node<E>(e)))
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    // Basic linking and unlinking operations, called only while holding lock

    /**
     * Links node as first element, or returns false if full.
     */
    private boolean linkFirst(Node<E> node) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        if (count >= capacity)
            return false;
        Node<E> f = first;
        node.next = f;
        first = node;
        if (last == null)
            last = node;
        else
            f.prev = node;
        ++count;
        notEmpty.signal();
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Links node as last element, or returns false if full.
     */
    private boolean linkLast(Node<E> node) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        if (count >= capacity)
            return false;
        Node<E> l = last;
        node.prev = l;
        last = node;
        if (first == null)
            first = node;
        else
            l.next = node;
        ++count;
        notEmpty.signal();
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns first element, or null if empty.
     */
    private E unlinkFirst() {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null)
            return null;
        Node<E> n = f.next;
        E item = f.item;
        f.item = null;
        f.next = f; // help GC
        first = n;
        if (n == null)
            last = null;
        else
            n.prev = null;
        --count;
        notFull.signal();
        return item;
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns last element, or null if empty.
     */
    private E unlinkLast() {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        Node<E> l = last;
        if (l == null)
            return null;
        Node<E> p = l.prev;
        E item = l.item;
        l.item = null;
        l.prev = l; // help GC
        last = p;
        if (p == null)
            first = null;
        else
            p.next = null;
        --count;
        notFull.signal();
        return item;
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks x.
     */
    void unlink(Node<E> x) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        Node<E> p = x.prev;
        Node<E> n = x.next;
        if (p == null) {
            unlinkFirst();
        } else if (n == null) {
            unlinkLast();
        } else {
            p.next = n;
            n.prev = p;
            x.item = null;
            // Don't mess with x's links.  They may still be in use by
            // an iterator.
            --count;
            notFull.signal();
        }
    }

    // BlockingDeque methods

    /**
     * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void addFirst(E e) {
        if (!offerFirst(e))
            throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
    }

    /**
     * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void addLast(E e) {
        if (!offerLast(e))
            throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return linkFirst(node);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e) {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return linkLast(node);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void putFirst(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (!linkFirst(node))
                notFull.await();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void putLast(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (!linkLast(node))
                notFull.await();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (!linkFirst(node)) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return false;
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (!linkLast(node)) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return false;
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E removeFirst() {
        E x = pollFirst();
        if (x == null) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E removeLast() {
        E x = pollLast();
        if (x == null) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

    public E pollFirst() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return unlinkFirst();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E pollLast() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return unlinkLast();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E takeFirst() throws InterruptedException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkFirst()) == null)
                notEmpty.await();
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E takeLast() throws InterruptedException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkLast()) == null)
                notEmpty.await();
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E pollFirst(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkFirst()) == null) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return null;
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E pollLast(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkLast()) == null) {
                if (nanos <= 0)
                    return null;
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E getFirst() {
        E x = peekFirst();
        if (x == null) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E getLast() {
        E x = peekLast();
        if (x == null) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

    public E peekFirst() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return (first == null) ? null : first.item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public E peekLast() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return (last == null) ? null : last.item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
        if (o == null) return false;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    unlink(p);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) {
        if (o == null) return false;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = last; p != null; p = p.prev) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    unlink(p);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // BlockingQueue methods

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque unless it would
     * violate capacity restrictions.  When using a capacity-restricted deque,
     * it is generally preferable to use method {@link #offer(Object) offer}.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
     *         time due to capacity restrictions
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        return offerLast(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
        putLast(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        return offerLast(e, timeout, unit);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque.
     * This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an
     * exception if this deque is empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst() removeFirst}.
     *
     * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
     */
    public E remove() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    public E poll() {
        return pollFirst();
    }

    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        return takeFirst();
    }

    public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return pollFirst(timeout, unit);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
     * this deque.  This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that
     * it throws an exception if this deque is empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst() getFirst}.
     *
     * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
     */
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }

    public E peek() {
        return peekFirst();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of additional elements that this deque can ideally
     * (in the absence of memory or resource constraints) accept without
     * blocking. This is always equal to the initial capacity of this deque
     * less the current {@code size} of this deque.
     *
     * <p>Note that you <em>cannot</em> always tell if an attempt to insert
     * an element will succeed by inspecting {@code remainingCapacity}
     * because it may be the case that another thread is about to
     * insert or remove an element.
     */
    public int remainingCapacity() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return capacity - count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException          {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c) {
        return drainTo(c, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException          {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException      {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements) {
        if (c == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (c == this)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            int n = Math.min(maxElements, count);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                c.add(first.item);   // In this order, in case add() throws.
                unlinkFirst();
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // Stack methods

    /**
     * @throws IllegalStateException {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void push(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E pop() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    // Collection methods

    /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     * More formally, removes the first element {@code e} such that
     * {@code o.equals(e)} (if such an element exists).
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to
     * {@link #removeFirstOccurrence(Object) removeFirstOccurrence}.
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this deque changed as a result of the call
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        return removeFirstOccurrence(o);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this deque.
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this deque
     */
    public int size() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this deque contains
     * at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
     *
     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this deque
     * @return {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element
     */
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        if (o == null) return false;
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next)
                if (o.equals(p.item))
                    return true;
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /*
     * TODO: Add support for more efficient bulk operations.
     *
     * We don't want to acquire the lock for every iteration, but we
     * also want other threads a chance to interact with the
     * collection, especially when count is close to capacity.
     */

//     /**
//      * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this
//      * queue.  Attempts to addAll of a queue to itself result in
//      * {@code IllegalArgumentException}. Further, the behavior of
//      * this operation is undefined if the specified collection is
//      * modified while the operation is in progress.
//      *
//      * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this queue
//      * @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
//      * @throws ClassCastException            {@inheritDoc}
//      * @throws NullPointerException          {@inheritDoc}
//      * @throws IllegalArgumentException      {@inheritDoc}
//      * @throws IllegalStateException         {@inheritDoc}
//      * @see #add(Object)
//      */
//     public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
//         if (c == null)
//             throw new NullPointerException();
//         if (c == this)
//             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
//         final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
//         lock.lock();
//         try {
//             boolean modified = false;
//             for (E e : c)
//                 if (linkLast(e))
//                     modified = true;
//             return modified;
//         } finally {
//             lock.unlock();
//         }
//     }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque, in
     * proper sequence (from first to last element).
     *
     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
     * maintained by this deque.  (In other words, this method must allocate
     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
     *
     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
     * APIs.
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public Object[] toArray() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] a = new Object[count];
            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next)
                a[k++] = p.item;
            return a;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque, in
     * proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of
     * the specified array.  If the deque fits in the specified array, it
     * is returned therein.  Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the
     * runtime type of the specified array and the size of this deque.
     *
     * <p>If this deque fits in the specified array with room to spare
     * (i.e., the array has more elements than this deque), the element in
     * the array immediately following the end of the deque is set to
     * {@code null}.
     *
     * <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
     * array-based and collection-based APIs.  Further, this method allows
     * precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
     * under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
     *
     * <p>Suppose {@code x} is a deque known to contain only strings.
     * The following code can be used to dump the deque into a newly
     * allocated array of {@code String}:
     *
     * <pre>
     *     String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);</pre>
     *
     * Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to
     * {@code toArray()}.
     *
     * @param a the array into which the elements of the deque are to
     *          be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
     *          same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque
     * @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
     *         is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
     *         this deque
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (a.length < count)
                a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance
                    (a.getClass().getComponentType(), count);

            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next)
                a[k++] = (T)p.item;
            if (a.length > k)
                a[k] = null;
            return a;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public String toString() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Node<E> p = first;
            if (p == null)
                return "[]";

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append('[');
            for (;;) {
                E e = p.item;
                sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null)
                    return sb.append(']').toString();
                sb.append(',').append(' ');
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Atomically removes all of the elements from this deque.
     * The deque will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    public void clear() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> f = first; f != null; ) {
                f.item = null;
                Node<E> n = f.next;
                f.prev = null;
                f.next = null;
                f = n;
            }
            first = last = null;
            count = 0;
            notFull.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence.
     * The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).
     *
     * <p>The returned iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that
     * will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
     * ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse
     * elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
     * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications
     * subsequent to construction.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence
     */
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse
     * sequential order.  The elements will be returned in order from
     * last (tail) to first (head).
     *
     * <p>The returned iterator is a "weakly consistent" iterator that
     * will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
     * ConcurrentModificationException}, and guarantees to traverse
     * elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and
     * may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications
     * subsequent to construction.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse order
     */
    public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
        return new DescendingItr();
    }

    /**
     * Base class for Iterators for LinkedBlockingDeque
     */
    private abstract class AbstractItr implements Iterator<E> {
        /**
         * The next node to return in next()
         */
         Node<E> next;

        /**
         * nextItem holds on to item fields because once we claim that
         * an element exists in hasNext(), we must return item read
         * under lock (in advance()) even if it was in the process of
         * being removed when hasNext() was called.
         */
        E nextItem;

        /**
         * Node returned by most recent call to next. Needed by remove.
         * Reset to null if this element is deleted by a call to remove.
         */
        private Node<E> lastRet;

        abstract Node<E> firstNode();
        abstract Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n);

        AbstractItr() {
            // set to initial position
            final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
            lock.lock();
            try {
                next = firstNode();
                nextItem = (next == null) ? null : next.item;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Returns the successor node of the given non-null, but
         * possibly previously deleted, node.
         */
        private Node<E> succ(Node<E> n) {
            // Chains of deleted nodes ending in null or self-links
            // are possible if multiple interior nodes are removed.
            for (;;) {
                Node<E> s = nextNode(n);
                if (s == null)
                    return null;
                else if (s.item != null)
                    return s;
                else if (s == n)
                    return firstNode();
                else
                    n = s;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Advances next.
         */
        void advance() {
            final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
            lock.lock();
            try {
                // assert next != null;
                next = succ(next);
                nextItem = (next == null) ? null : next.item;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }

        public E next() {
            if (next == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            lastRet = next;
            E x = nextItem;
            advance();
            return x;
        }

        public void remove() {
            Node<E> n = lastRet;
            if (n == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            lastRet = null;
            final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (n.item != null)
                    unlink(n);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    /** Forward iterator */
    private class Itr extends AbstractItr {
        Node<E> firstNode() { return first; }
        Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n) { return n.next; }
    }

    /** Descending iterator */
    private class DescendingItr extends AbstractItr {
        Node<E> firstNode() { return last; }
        Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n) { return n.prev; }
    }

    /**
     * Save the state of this deque to a stream (that is, serialize it).
     *
     * @serialData The capacity (int), followed by elements (each an
     * {@code Object}) in the proper order, followed by a null
     * @param s the stream
     */
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // Write out capacity and any hidden stuff
            s.defaultWriteObject();
            // Write out all elements in the proper order.
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next)
                s.writeObject(p.item);
            // Use trailing null as sentinel
            s.writeObject(null);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reconstitute this deque from a stream (that is,
     * deserialize it).
     * @param s the stream
     */
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        count = 0;
        first = null;
        last = null;
        // Read in all elements and place in queue
        for (;;) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            E item = (E)s.readObject();
            if (item == null)
                break;
            add(item);
        }
    }

}

 

下面從ArrayBlockingQueue的創建，添加，取出，遍歷這幾個方面對LinkedBlockingDeque進行分析

1. 創建

下面以LinkedBlockingDeque(int capacity)來進行說明。

public LinkedBlockingDeque(int capacity) {
    if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    this.capacity = capacity;
}

說明：capacity是“鏈式阻塞隊列”的容量。

LinkedBlockingDeque中相關的數據結果定義如下：

// “雙向隊列”的表頭
transient Node<E> first;
// “雙向隊列”的表尾
transient Node<E> last;
// 節點數量
private transient int count;
// 容量
private final int capacity;
// 互斥鎖 , 互斥鎖對應的“非空條件notEmpty”, 互斥鎖對應的“未滿條件notFull”
final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
private final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();

說明：lock是互斥鎖，用於控制多線程對LinkedBlockingDeque中元素的互斥訪問；而notEmpty和notFull是與lock綁定的條件，它們用於實現對多線程更精確的控制。

雙向鏈表的節點Node的定義如下：

static final class Node<E> {
    E item;       // 數據
    Node<E> prev; // 前一節點
    Node<E> next; // 后一節點

    Node(E x) { item = x; }
}

 

2. 添加

下面以offer(E e)為例，對LinkedBlockingDeque的添加方法進行說明。

public boolean offer(E e) {
    return offerLast(e);
}

offer()實際上是調用offerLast()將元素添加到隊列的末尾。

offerLast()的源碼如下：

public boolean offerLast(E e) {
    if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    // 新建節點
    Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 獲取鎖
    lock.lock();
    try {
        // 將“新節點”添加到雙向鏈表的末尾
        return linkLast(node);
    } finally {
        // 釋放鎖
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

說明：offerLast()的作用，是新建節點並將該節點插入到雙向鏈表的末尾。它在插入節點前，會獲取鎖；操作完畢，再釋放鎖。

linkLast()的源碼如下：

private boolean linkLast(Node<E> node) {
    // 如果“雙向鏈表的節點數量” > “容量”，則返回false，表示插入失敗。
    if (count >= capacity)
        return false;
    // 將“node添加到鏈表末尾”，並設置node為新的尾節點
    Node<E> l = last;
    node.prev = l;
    last = node;
    if (first == null)
        first = node;
    else
        l.next = node;
    // 將“節點數量”+1
    ++count;
    // 插入節點之后，喚醒notEmpty上的等待線程。
    notEmpty.signal();
    return true;
}

說明：linkLast()的作用，是將節點插入到雙向隊列的末尾；插入節點之后，喚醒notEmpty上的等待線程。

3. 刪除

下面以take()為例，對LinkedBlockingDeque的取出方法進行說明。

public E take() throws InterruptedException {
    return takeFirst();
}

take()實際上是調用takeFirst()隊列的第一個元素。

takeFirst()的源碼如下：

public E takeFirst() throws InterruptedException {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    // 獲取鎖
    lock.lock();
    try {
        E x;
        // 若“隊列為空”，則一直等待。否則，通過unlinkFirst()刪除第一個節點。
        while ( (x = unlinkFirst()) == null)
            notEmpty.await();
        return x;
    } finally {
        // 釋放鎖
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

說明：takeFirst()的作用，是刪除雙向鏈表的第一個節點，並返回節點對應的值。它在插入節點前，會獲取鎖；操作完畢，再釋放鎖。

unlinkFirst()的源碼如下：

private E unlinkFirst() {
    // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
    Node<E> f = first;
    if (f == null)
        return null;
    // 刪除並更新“第一個節點”
    Node<E> n = f.next;
    E item = f.item;
    f.item = null;
    f.next = f; // help GC
    first = n;
    if (n == null)
        last = null;
    else
        n.prev = null;
    // 將“節點數量”-1
    --count;
    // 刪除節點之后，喚醒notFull上的等待線程。
    notFull.signal();
    return item;
}

說明：unlinkFirst()的作用，是將雙向隊列的第一個節點刪除；刪除節點之后，喚醒notFull上的等待線程。

 

4. 遍歷

下面對LinkedBlockingDeque的遍歷方法進行說明。

public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    return new Itr();
}

iterator()實際上是返回一個Iter對象。

Itr類的定義如下：

private class Itr extends AbstractItr {
    // “雙向隊列”的表頭
    Node<E> firstNode() { return first; }
    // 獲取“節點n的下一個節點”
    Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n) { return n.next; }
}

Itr繼承於AbstractItr，而AbstractItr的定義如下：

 

private abstract class AbstractItr implements Iterator<E> {
    // next是下一次調用next()會返回的節點。
    Node<E> next;
    // nextItem是next()返回節點對應的數據。
    E nextItem;
    // 上一次next()返回的節點。
    private Node<E> lastRet;
    // 返回第一個節點
    abstract Node<E> firstNode();
    // 返回下一個節點
    abstract Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n);

    AbstractItr() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
        // 獲取“LinkedBlockingDeque的互斥鎖”
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // 獲取“雙向隊列”的表頭
            next = firstNode();
            // 獲取表頭對應的數據
            nextItem = (next == null) ? null : next.item;
        } finally {
            // 釋放“LinkedBlockingDeque的互斥鎖”
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // 獲取n的后繼節點
    private Node<E> succ(Node<E> n) {
        // Chains of deleted nodes ending in null or self-links
        // are possible if multiple interior nodes are removed.
        for (;;) {
            Node<E> s = nextNode(n);
            if (s == null)
                return null;
            else if (s.item != null)
                return s;
            else if (s == n)
                return firstNode();
            else
                n = s;
        }
    }

    // 更新next和nextItem。
    void advance() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // assert next != null;
            next = succ(next);
            nextItem = (next == null) ? null : next.item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // 返回“下一個節點是否為null”
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return next != null;
    }

    // 返回下一個節點
    public E next() {
        if (next == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        lastRet = next;
        E x = nextItem;
        advance();
        return x;
    }

    // 刪除下一個節點
    public void remove() {
        Node<E> n = lastRet;
        if (n == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        lastRet = null;
        final ReentrantLock lock = LinkedBlockingDeque.this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (n.item != null)
                unlink(n);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

 

LinkedBlockingDeque示例

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/*
 *   LinkedBlockingDeque是“線程安全”的隊列，而LinkedList是非線程安全的。
 *
 *   下面是“多個線程同時操作並且遍歷queue”的示例
 *   (01) 當queue是LinkedBlockingDeque對象時，程序能正常運行。
 *   (02) 當queue是LinkedList對象時，程序會產生ConcurrentModificationException異常。
 *
 * @author skywang
 */
public class LinkedBlockingDequeDemo1 {

    // TODO: queue是LinkedList對象時，程序會出錯。
    //private static Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<String>();
    private static Queue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<String>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        // 同時啟動兩個線程對queue進行操作！
        new MyThread("ta").start();
        new MyThread("tb").start();
    }

    private static void printAll() {
        String value;
        Iterator iter = queue.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()) {
            value = (String)iter.next();
            System.out.print(value+", ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    private static class MyThread extends Thread {
        MyThread(String name) {
            super(name);
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
                int i = 0;
            while (i++ < 6) {
                // “線程名” + "-" + "序號"
                String val = Thread.currentThread().getName()+i;
                queue.add(val);
                // 通過“Iterator”遍歷queue。
                printAll();
            }
        }
    }
}

(某一次)運行結果：

ta1, ta1, tb1, tb1,

ta1, ta1, tb1, tb1, tb2, tb2, ta2, 
ta2, 
ta1, ta1, tb1, tb1, tb2, tb2, ta2, ta2, tb3, tb3, ta3, 
ta3, ta1, 
tb1, ta1, tb2, tb1, ta2, tb2, tb3, ta2, ta3, tb3, tb4, ta3, ta4, 
tb4, ta1, ta4, tb1, tb5, 
tb2, ta1, ta2, tb1, tb3, tb2, ta3, ta2, tb4, tb3, ta4, ta3, tb5, tb4, ta5, 
ta4, ta1, tb5, tb1, ta5, tb2, tb6, 
ta2, ta1, tb3, tb1, ta3, tb2, tb4, ta2, ta4, tb3, tb5, ta3, ta5, tb4, tb6, ta4, ta6, 
tb5, ta5, tb6, ta6,

結果說明：示例程序中，啟動兩個線程(線程ta和線程tb)分別對LinkedBlockingDeque進行操作。以線程ta而言，它會先獲取“線程名”+“序號”，然后將該字符串添加到LinkedBlockingDeque中；接着，遍歷並輸出LinkedBlockingDeque中的全部元素。 線程tb的操作和線程ta一樣，只不過線程tb的名字和線程ta的名字不同。
當queue是LinkedBlockingDeque對象時，程序能正常運行。如果將queue改為LinkedList時，程序會產生ConcurrentModificationException異常。

 

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更多內容

1. Java多線程系列--“JUC集合”01之 框架

2. Java多線程系列目錄(共xx篇)