在文本處理的工作中，統計文件的行數，單詞數和字符數非常有用。而對於開發人員本身來說，統計LOC(line of code ,代碼行數)是一件重要的工作。linux中有什么命令可以幫助我們做統計呢?沒錯，就是wc，不是廁所的意思啊，是Word Count的縮寫。
當作好統計時，又需要寫個開發的文檔，特別是項目比較大的時候，如果將目錄和文件系統以圖形化的樹狀層次結構描述，在以后的維護過程將更加清晰明了，下面將同樣將要介紹的還有tree命令.
一、wc命令詳解
首先，輸入man wc 查看wc 的指導手冊
NAME wc - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file SYNOPSIS wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F DESCRIPTION Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in the following order: newline, word, character, byte, maximum line length. -c, --bytes print the byte counts -m, --chars print the character counts -l, --lines print the newline counts --files0-from=F read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input -L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line -w, --words print the word counts --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
語法：
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
參數－實例：
下面將通過實例介紹各參數的含義和作用：
用到的test.txt
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ cat test.txt Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in the following order: newline, word, character, byte, maximum line length.
１、-c參數，統計字節數,字符數
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -c test.txt 420 test.txt
2.-l參數，統計行數
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -l test.txt 4 test.txt
3.-w參數，統計單詞數
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -w test.txt 67 test.txt
4.-L參數，統計最長行的長度
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -L test.txt 130 test.txt
5.-m參數，統計字母數
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc -m test.txt 420 test.txt
6.不加參數
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ wc test.txt 4 67 420 test.txt
分別表示行數，單詞數，字符數
7.使用標准輸入進行統計
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/wc$ echo "hi_amos" | wc -m 8
二、tree命令詳解
首先，sudo apt-get install tree安裝一下tree命令
下面將輸入tree --help查看提示信息:
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn$ tree --help usage: tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit #] [<directory list>] -a All files are listed. -d List directories only. -l Follow symbolic links like directories. -f Print the full path prefix for each file. -i Don't print indentation lines. -q Print non-printable characters as '?'. -N Print non-printable characters as is. -p Print the protections for each file. -u Displays file owner or UID number. -g Displays file group owner or GID number. -s Print the size in bytes of each file. -h Print the size in a more human readable way. -D Print the date of last modification. -F Appends '/', '=', '*', or '|' as per ls -F. -v Sort files alphanumerically by version. -r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order. -t Sort files by last modification time. -x Stay on current filesystem only. -L level Descend only level directories deep. -A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines. -S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines. -n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides). -C Turn colorization on always. -P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given. -I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern. -H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory. -T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string. -R Rerun tree when max dir level reached. -o file Output to file instead of stdout. --inodes Print inode number of each file. --device Print device ID number to which each file belongs. --noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing. --nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output. --dirsfirst List directories before files. --charset X Use charset X for HTML and indentation line output. --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
語法：
tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit #] [<directory list>]
參數－實例：
-a 顯示所有文件和目錄。 -A 使用ASNI繪圖字符顯示樹狀圖而非以ASCII字符組合。 -C 在文件和目錄清單加上色彩，便於區分各種類型。 -d 顯示目錄名稱而非內容。 -D 列出文件或目錄的更改時間。 -f 在每個文件或目錄之前，顯示完整的相對路徑名稱。 -F 在執行文件，目錄，Socket，符號連接，管道名稱名稱，各自加上"*","/","=","@","|"號。 -g 列出文件或目錄的所屬群組名稱，沒有對應的名稱時，則顯示群組識別碼。 -i 不以階梯狀列出文件或目錄名稱。 -I 不顯示符合范本樣式的文件或目錄名稱。 -l 如遇到性質為符號連接的目錄，直接列出該連接所指向的原始目錄。 -n 不在文件和目錄清單加上色彩。 -N 直接列出文件和目錄名稱，包括控制字符。 -p 列出權限標示。 -P 只顯示符合范本樣式的文件或目錄名稱。 -q 用"?"號取代控制字符，列出文件和目錄名稱。 -s 列出文件或目錄大小。 -t 用文件和目錄的更改時間排序。 -u 列出文件或目錄的擁有者名稱，沒有對應的名稱時，則顯示用戶識別碼。 -x 將范圍局限在現行的文件系統中，若指定目錄下的某些子目錄，其存放於另一個文件系統上，則將該子目錄予以排除在尋找范圍外。
１、不輸入任何參數使用tree命令
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 │ └── a.txt ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 │ └── a.txt ├── db │ └── dc ├── dd │ └── db ├── test.sh ├── version1.txt ├── version2.txt └── version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
２、-P參數,對樣式進行篩選
如，篩選.sh結尾的文件
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree . -P "*.sh" . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── db │ └── dc ├── dd │ └── db └── test.sh
３、－h參數，打印出文件和目錄的大小
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -h . ├── [4.0K] d1 │ └── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d3 │ └── [ 0] a.txt ├── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d2 │ └── [4.0K] d3 │ └── [ 6] a.txt ├── [4.0K] db │ └── [4.0K] dc ├── [4.0K] dd │ └── [4.0K] db ├── [ 0] test.sh ├── [ 51] version1.txt ├── [ 51] version2.txt └── [ 185] version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
4、-d參數，只顯示目錄
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -d . ├── d1 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── d2 │ └── d2 │ └── d3 ├── db │ └── dc └── dd └── db 10 directories
５、-D參數，顯示文件修改日期
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -D . ├── [Dec 28 1:59] d1 │ └── [Dec 28 1:59] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] d3 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] a.txt ├── [Dec 28 2:00] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:00] d2 │ └── [Dec 28 2:01] d3 │ └── [Dec 28 2:01] a.txt ├── [Dec 28 2:02] db │ └── [Dec 28 2:02] dc ├── [Dec 28 2:02] dd │ └── [Dec 28 2:02] db ├── [Dec 29 3:12] test.sh ├── [Dec 28 1:54] version1.txt ├── [Dec 28 1:37] version2.txt └── [Dec 28 1:54] version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
6、-i參數，不以階梯狀顯示
amosli@amosli-pc:~/learn/re$ tree -i . d1 d2 d3 a.txt d2 d2 d3 a.txt db dc dd db test.sh version1.txt version2.txt version.patch 10 directories, 6 files
７、其他參數可以根據自己需要去選擇,更多信息請使用man tree查看tree命令手冊.