【IT168 專稿】在上一篇文章中,我們學習了Mongodb的安裝和初步使用,在本文中,將學習如何使用Java去編程實現對Mongodb的操作。
HelloWorld程序
學習任何程序的第一步,都是編寫HelloWorld程序,我們也不例外,看下如何通過Java編寫一個HelloWorld的程序。
首先,要通過Java操作Mongodb,必須先下載Mongodb的Java驅動程序,可以在這里下載。
新建立一個Java工程,將下載的驅動程序放在庫文件路徑下,程序代碼如下:
package
com.mkyong.core;
import
java.net.UnknownHostException;
import
com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import
com.mongodb.DB;
import
com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import
com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import
com.mongodb.Mongo;
import
com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java + MongoDB Hello world Example *
*/
public
class
App {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
try
{
//
實例化Mongo對象,連接27017端口
Mongo mongo
=
new
Mongo(
"
localhost
"
,
27017
);
//
連接名為yourdb的數據庫,假如數據庫不存在的話,mongodb會自動建立
DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);
//
Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"
//
從Mongodb中獲得名為yourColleection的數據集合,如果該數據集合不存在,Mongodb會為其新建立
DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
);
//
使用BasicDBObject對象創建一個mongodb的document,並給予賦值。
BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
id
"
,
1001
); document.put(
"
msg
"
,
"
hello world mongoDB in Java
"
);
//
將新建立的document保存到collection中去
collection.insert(document);
//
創建要查詢的document
BasicDBObject searchQuery
=
new
BasicDBObject(); searchQuery.put(
"
id
"
,
1001
);
//
使用collection的find方法查找document
DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find(searchQuery);
//
循環輸出結果
while
(cursor.hasNext()) { System.out.println(cursor.next()); } System.out.println(
"
Done
"
); }
catch
(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch
(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
最后,輸出的結果為:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3
"
} ,
"
id
"
:
1001
,
"
msg
"
:
"
hello world mongoDB in Java
"
} Done
在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java對Mongodb操作的重要方法和步驟,首先通過創建Mongodb對象,傳入構造函數的參數是Mongodb的數據庫所在地址和端口,然后使用
getDB方法獲得要連接的數據庫名,使用getCollection獲得數據集合的名,然后通過新建立BasicDBObject對象去建立document,最后通過collection的insert方法,將建立的document保存到數據庫中去。而collection的find方法,則是用來在數據庫中查找document。
從Mongodb中獲得collection數據集
在Mongodb中,可以通過如下方法獲得數據庫中的collection:
DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
);
如果你不知道collection的名稱,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()獲得集合,然后再遍歷,如下:
DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
); Set collections
=
db.getCollectionNames();
for
(String collectionName : collections){ System.out.println(collectionName); }
完成的一個例子如下:
package
com.mkyong.core;
import
java.net.UnknownHostException;
import
java.util.Set;
import
com.mongodb.DB;
import
com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import
com.mongodb.Mongo;
import
com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java : Get collection from MongoDB *
*/
public
class
GetCollectionApp {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
try
{ Mongo mongo
=
new
Mongo(
"
localhost
"
,
27017
); DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
); Set
<
String
>
collections
=
db.getCollectionNames();
for
(String collectionName : collections) { System.out.println(collectionName); } DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
); System.out.println(collection.toString()); System.out.println(
"
Done
"
);
}
catch
(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch
(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Mongodb中如何插入數據
下面,講解下如何使用4種方式,將JSON數據插入到Mongodb中去。首先我們准備JSON
格式的數據,如下:
{
"
database
"
:
"
mkyongDB
"
,
"
table
"
:
"
hosting
"
,
"
detail
"
: { records :
99
, index :
"
vps_index1
"
, active :
"
true
"
} } }
我們希望用不同的方式,通過JAVA代碼向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON數據
第一種方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代碼所示:
BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
); document.put(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); BasicDBObject documentDetail
=
new
BasicDBObject(); documentDetail.put(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); document.put(
"
detail
"
, documentDetail); collection.insert(document);
第二種方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder對象,如下代碼所示:
BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder
=
BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
) .add(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail
=
BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
) .add(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
) .add(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); documentBuilder.add(
"
detail
"
, documentBuilderDetail.get()); collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());
第三種方法是使用Map對象,代碼如下:
Map documentMap
=
new
HashMap(); documentMap.put(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
); documentMap.put(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); Map documentMapDetail
=
new
HashMap(); documentMapDetail.put(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
); documentMapDetail.put(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
); documentMapDetail.put(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); documentMap.put(
"
detail
"
, documentMapDetail); collection.insert(
new
BasicDBObject(documentMap));
第四種方法,也就是最簡單的,即直接插入JSON格式數據
String json
=
"
{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',
"
+
"
'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}
"
; DBObject dbObject
=
(DBObject)JSON.parse(json); collection.insert(dbObject);
這里使用了JSON的parse方法,將解析后的JSON字符串轉變為DBObject對象后再直接插入到collection中去。
完整的代碼如下所示:
packagecom.mkyong.core; importjava.net.UnknownHostException; importjava.util.HashMap; importjava.util.Map; importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject; importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder; importcom.mongodb.DB; importcom.mongodb.DBCollection; importcom.mongodb.DBCursor; importcom.mongodb.DBObject; importcom.mongodb.Mongo; importcom.mongodb.MongoException; importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
/**
* Java MongoDB : Insert a Document *
*/
publicclass InsertDocumentApp { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
try
{ Mongo mongo
=
new
Mongo(
"
localhost
"
,
27017
); DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);
//
get a single collection
DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
);
//
BasicDBObject example
System.out.println(
"
BasicDBObject example...
"
); BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
); document.put(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); BasicDBObject documentDetail
=
new
BasicDBObject(); documentDetail.put(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); document.put(
"
detail
"
, documentDetail); collection.insert(document); DBCursor cursorDoc
=
collection.find();
while
(cursorDoc.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDoc.next()); } collection.remove(
new
BasicDBObject());
//
BasicDBObjectBuilder example
System.out.println(
"
BasicDBObjectBuilder example...
"
); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder
=
BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
) .add(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail
=
BasicDBObjectBuilder.start() .add(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
) .add(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
) .add(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); documentBuilder.add(
"
detail
"
, documentBuilderDetail.get()); collection.insert(documentBuilder.get()); DBCursor cursorDocBuilder
=
collection.find();
while
(cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next()); } collection.remove(
new
BasicDBObject());
//
Map example
System.out.println(
"
Map example...
"
); Map documentMap
=
new
HashMap(); documentMap.put(
"
database
"
,
"
mkyongDB
"
); documentMap.put(
"
table
"
,
"
hosting
"
); Map documentMapDetail
=
new
HashMap(); documentMapDetail.put(
"
records
"
,
"
99
"
); documentMapDetail.put(
"
index
"
,
"
vps_index1
"
); documentMapDetail.put(
"
active
"
,
"
true
"
); documentMap.put(
"
detail
"
, documentMapDetail); collection.insert(
new
BasicDBObject(documentMap)); DBCursor cursorDocMap
=
collection.find();
while
(cursorDocMap.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next()); } collection.remove(
new
BasicDBObject());
//
JSON parse example
System.out.println(
"
JSON parse example...
"
); String json
=
"
{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',
"
+
"
'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}
"
; DBObject dbObject
=
(DBObject)JSON.parse(json); collection.insert(dbObject); DBCursor cursorDocJSON
=
collection.find();
while
(cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next()); } collection.remove(
new
BasicDBObject()); }
catch
(UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }
catch
(MongoException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
更新Document
假設如下的JSON格式的數據已經保存到Mongodb中去了,現在要更新相關的數據。
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostA
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
1000
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostB
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
dedicated server
"
,
"
clients
"
:
100
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostC
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
900
}
假設現在要將hosting中值為hostB的進行更新,則可以使用如下的方法:
BasicDBObject newDocument
=
new
BasicDBObject(); newDocument.put(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
); newDocument.put(
"
type
"
,
"
shared host
"
); newDocument.put(
"
clients
"
,
111
); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
), newDocument);
可以看到,這里依然使用了BasicDBObject對象,並為其賦值了新的值后,然后使用collection的update方法,即可更新該對象。
更新后的輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostA
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
1000
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostB
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
shared host
"
,
"
clients
"
:
111
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostC
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
900
}
另外,還可以使用mongodb中的$inc修飾符號去對某個值進行更新,比如,要將hosting值為hostB的document的clients的值得更新為199(即100+99=199),可以這樣:
BasicDBObject newDocument
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$inc
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
,
99
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
), newDocument);
則輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostA
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
1000
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostB
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
dedicated server
"
,
"
clients
"
:
199
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostC
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
900
}
接下來,講解$set修飾符的使用。比如要把hosting中值為hostA的document中的
type的值進行修改,則可以如下實現:
BasicDBObject newDocument3
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
,
"
dedicated server
"
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3);
則輸出如下,把type的值從vps改為dedicated server:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostB
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
dedicated server
"
,
"
clients
"
:
100
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostC
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
,
"
clients
"
:
900
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostA
"
,
"
clients
"
:
1000
,
"
type
"
:
"
dedicated server
"
}
要注意的是,如果不使用$set的修飾符,而只是如下代碼:
BasicDBObject newDocument3
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
,
"
dedicated server
"
); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3);
則會將所有的三個document的type類型都改為dedicated server了,因此要使用$set以更新特定的document的特定的值。
如果要更新多個document中相同的值,可以使用$multi,比如,要把所有vps為type的document,將它們的clients的值更新為888,可以如下實現:
BasicDBObject updateQuery
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
,
"
888
"
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
,
"
vps
"
), updateQuery,
false
,
true
);
輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostA
"
,
"
clients
"
:
"
888
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostB
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
dedicated server
"
,
"
clients
"
:
100
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
x
"
} ,
"
hosting
"
:
"
hostC
"
,
"
clients
"
:
"
888
"
,
"
type
"
:
"
vps
"
}
最后,還是給出更新document的完整例子:
package
com.liao;
import
java.net.UnknownHostException;
import
com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import
com.mongodb.DB;
import
com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import
com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import
com.mongodb.Mongo;
import
com.mongodb.MongoException; publicclass UpdateDocumentApp { publicstaticvoid printAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){ DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find();
while
(cursor.hasNext()) { System.out.println(cursor.next()); } } publicstaticvoid removeAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){ collection.remove(
new
BasicDBObject()); } publicstaticvoid insertDummyDocuments(DBCollection collection){ BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostA
"
); document.put(
"
type
"
,
"
vps
"
); document.put(
"
clients
"
,
1000
); BasicDBObject document2
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document2.put(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
); document2.put(
"
type
"
,
"
dedicated server
"
); document2.put(
"
clients
"
,
100
); BasicDBObject document3
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document3.put(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostC
"
); document3.put(
"
type
"
,
"
vps
"
); document3.put(
"
clients
"
,
900
); collection.insert(document); collection.insert(document2); collection.insert(document3); } publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
try
{ Mongo mongo
=
new
Mongo(
"
localhost
"
,
27017
); DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
); DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
); System.out.println(
"
Testing 1...
"
); insertDummyDocuments(collection);
//
find hosting = hostB, and update it with new document
BasicDBObject newDocument
=
new
BasicDBObject(); newDocument.put(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
); newDocument.put(
"
type
"
,
"
shared host
"
); newDocument.put(
"
clients
"
,
111
); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
), newDocument); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println(
"
Testing 2...
"
); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject newDocument2
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$inc
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
,
99
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostB
"
), newDocument2); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println(
"
Testing 3...
"
); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject newDocument3
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
,
"
dedicated server
"
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
,
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println(
"
Testing 4...
"
); insertDummyDocuments(collection); BasicDBObject updateQuery
=
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
,
"
888
"
)); collection.update(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
,
"
vps
"
), updateQuery,
false
,
true
); printAllDocuments(collection); removeAllDocuments(collection); System.out.println(
"
Done
"
); }
catch
(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
catch
(MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
查詢Document
下面學習如何查詢document,先用下面的代碼往數據庫中插入1-10數字:
for
(
int
i
=
1
; i
<=
10
; i
++
){ collection.insert(
new
BasicDBObject().append(
"
number
"
, i));
}
接下來,看下如下的例子:
1) 獲得數據庫中的第一個document:
DBObject doc
=
collection.findOne(); System.out.println(dbObject);
輸出為:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
1
}
2)獲得document的集合
DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find();
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
這里,使用collection.find()方法,獲得當前數據庫中所有的documents對象集合
然后通過對DBCursor對象集合的遍歷,即可輸出當前所有documents。輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
1
}
//
..........中間部分省略,為2到9的輸出
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
10
}
3) 獲取指定的document
比如要獲得number=5的document對象內容,可以使用collection的find方法即可,如下:
BasicDBObject query
=
new
BasicDBObject(); query.put(
"
number
"
,
5
); DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find(query);
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
即輸出:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c1
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
5
}
4) 使用in操作符號
在mongodb中,也可以使用in操作符,比如要獲得number=9和number=10的document對象,可以如下操作:
BasicDBObject query
=
new
BasicDBObject(); List list
=
new
ArrayList(); list.add(
9
); list.add(
10
); query.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$in
"
, list)); DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find(query);
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
這里使用了一個List,並將list傳入到BasicDBObject的構造函數中,並使用了in操作符號,輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
9
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
10
}
5) 使用>,<等比較符號
在mongodb中,也可以使用比如>,<等數量比較符號,比如要輸出number>5的document集合,則使用“$gt”即可,同理,小於關系則使用$lt,例子如下:
BasicDBObject query
=
new
BasicDBObject(); query.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
,
5
)); DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find(query);
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
輸出如下:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c2
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
6
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c3
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
7
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c4
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
8
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
9
} {
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} ,
"
number
"
:
10
} 也可以多個比較符號一起使用,比如要輸出number
>
5和number
<
8的document,則如下: BasicDBObject query
=
new
BasicDBObject(); query.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
,
5
).append(
"
$lt
"
,
8
)); DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find(query);
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
同樣,如果是不等於的關系的話,可以使用$ne操作符,如下:
BasicDBObject query5
=
new
BasicDBObject(); query5.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$ne
"
,
8
)); DBCursor cursor6
=
collection.find(query5);
while
(cursor6.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor6.next()); }
以上輸出number=8之外的所有document。
刪除document
下面我們學習如何刪除document,依然以上面的已插入的1-10的documents集合為例說明:
1) 刪除第一個document
DBObject doc
=
collection.findOne(); collection.remove(doc);
2) 刪除指定的document
比如刪除number=2的document,如下方法:
BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
number
"
,
2
); collection.remove(document);
要注意的是,如下的方法將只會刪除number=3的document。
BasicDBObject document
=
new
BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
number
"
,
2
); document.put(
"
number
"
,
3
); collection.remove(document);
3) 使用in 操作符號指定刪除document
下面的例子將同時刪除number=4和number=5的document,使用的是in操作符
BasicDBObject query2
=
new
BasicDBObject(); List list
=
new
ArrayList(); list.add(
4
); list.add(
5
); query2.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$in
"
, list)); collection.remove(query2);
4) 使用“$gt”刪除大於某個值的document
BasicDBObject query
=
new
BasicDBObject(); query.put(
"
number
"
,
new
BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
,
9
)); collection.remove(query);
以上會刪除number=10的document。
5) 刪除所有的document
DBCursor cursor
=
collection.find();
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ collection.remove(cursor.next()); }
保存圖片到Mongodb
下面將講解如何使用Java MongoDB GridFS API去保存圖片等二進制文件到Monodb,關於Java MongoDB GridFS API的詳細論述,請參考http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification
1)保存圖片
代碼段如下:
String newFileName
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
; File imageFile
=
newFile(
"
c:\\JavaWebHosting.png
"
); GridFS gfsPhoto
=
new
GridFS(db,
"
photo
"
); GridFSInputFile gfsFile
=
gfsPhoto.createFile(imageFile); gfsFile.setFilename(newFileName); gfsFile.save();
這里,將c盤下的JavaWebHosting.png保存到mongodb中去,並命名為mkyong-java-image。
2) 讀取圖片信息
代碼段如下
String newFileName
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
; GridFS gfsPhoto
=
new
GridFS(db,
"
photo
"
); GridFSDBFile imageForOutput
=
gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName); System.out.println(imageForOutput);
將會輸出JSON格式的結果;
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc9511a14a7d017fee35746
"
} ,
"
chunkSize
"
:
262144
,
"
length
"
:
22672
,
"
md5
"
:
"
1462a6cfa27669af1d8d21c2d7dd1f8b
"
,
"
filename
"
:
"
mkyong-java-image
"
,
"
contentType
"
:
null
,
"
uploadDate
"
: {
"
$date
"
:
"
2011-05-10T14:52:10Z
"
} ,
"
aliases
"
:
null
}
可以看到,輸出的是文件的屬性相關信息。
3) 輸出已保存的所有圖片
下面代碼段,輸出所有保存在photo命名空間下的圖片信息:
GridFS gfsPhoto
=
new
GridFS(db,
"
photo
"
); DBCursor cursor
=
gfsPhoto.getFileList();
while
(cursor.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursor.next()); }
4) 從數據庫中讀取一張圖片並另存
下面的代碼段,從數據庫中讀取一張圖片並另存為另外一張圖片到磁盤中
String newFileName
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
; GridFS gfsPhoto
=
new
GridFS(db,
"
photo
"
); GridFSDBFile imageForOutput
=
gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName); imageForOutput.writeTo(
"
c:\\JavaWebHostingNew.png
"
);
5) 刪除圖片
String newFileName
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
; GridFS gfsPhoto
=
new
GridFS(db,
"
photo
"
); gfsPhoto.remove(gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName));
如何將JSON數據格式轉化為DBObject格式
在mongodb中,可以使用com.mongodb.util.JSON類,將JSON格式的字符串轉變為DBObject對象。MongoDB for JAVA驅動中提供了用於向數據庫中存儲普通對象的接口DBObject,當一個文檔從MongoDB中取出時,它會自動把文檔轉換成DBObject接口類型,要將它實例化為需要的對象。比如:
{
'
name
'
:
'
mkyong
'
,
'
age
'
:
30
}
這樣的JSON格式字符串,轉換方法為:
DBObject dbObject
=
(DBObject) JSON.parse(
"
{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}
"
);
完整的代碼如下:
packagecom.mkyong.core; importjava.net.UnknownHostException; importcom.mongodb.DB; importcom.mongodb.DBCollection; importcom.mongodb.DBCursor; importcom.mongodb.DBObject; importcom.mongodb.Mongo; importcom.mongodb.MongoException; importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
/**
* Java MongoDB : Convert JSON data to DBObject *
*/
publicclass App { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
try
{ Mongo mongo
=
new
Mongo(
"
localhost
"
,
27017
); DB db
=
mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
); DBCollection collection
=
db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
); DBObject dbObject
=
(DBObject) JSON .parse(
"
{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}
"
); collection.insert(dbObject); DBCursor cursorDoc
=
collection.find();
while
(cursorDoc.hasNext()){ System.out.println(cursorDoc.next()); } System.out.println(
"
Done
"
); }
catch
(UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }
catch
(MongoException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
則輸出為:
{
"
_id
"
: {
"
$oid
"
:
"
4dc9ebb5237f275c2fe4959f
"
} ,
"
name
"
:
"
mkyong
"
,
"
age
"
:
30
}
Done
可以看到,將JSON格式的數據類型直接轉換為mongodb中的文檔類型並輸出。
小結:
本文學習了如何使用Mongodb for JAVA驅動,對mongodb進行日常的數據庫操作,比如增加,刪除和修改,下一篇教程中,將指導學習Spring對mongodb的操作