本文所使用的軟件及環境:
- Visual Studio Ultimate 2013 (下載地址:http://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/download-visual-studio-vs);
- MVC5 + EF6 + .NET Framework 4.5 + LocalDB;
- Windows 7 x64 Professional
說明:
- 在EF (Entity Framework,以下簡稱EF6)框架下,操作數據的方式有三種:Database First, Model First, 以及 Code First,本文基於Code First創建。更多關於EF6請參考 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/ef.aspx;
- 本文是基於MVC5創建,更多關於其說明與使用請參考 http://www.asp.net/mvc;
- LocalDB:
- LocalDB是SQL Server Express數據庫引擎的輕量級版本,其非常易於安裝、配置、以命令行啟動並運行在user model.
- LocalDB以一種SQL Server Express特殊的執行模型運行,從而使得你能夠以.mdf文件的方式來操作數據庫。如果你想使得數據庫具有隨項目遷移的能力,你可以把LocalDB數據庫文件放在web項目的App_Data文件夾下。
- 在SQL Server Express中雖然你能夠通過使用用戶示例功能來達到操作.mdf文件的目的,但是這種做法是不推薦的,相反,LocalDB是被推薦的方式。在Visual Studio 2012及隨后的版本中,LocalDB隨Visual Studio一起默認安裝的。
- 通常來說SQL Server Express並不會被用於Web應用程序的生產環境,同樣地,LocalDB由於其並不是針對IIS而設計的也不被推薦使用於生產環境。
一、創建基於MVC Web Application
在正式開始之前,先看一下VS 2013的啟動界面,是不是有點冷酷的感覺

好了,言歸正傳,首先按如下截圖創建




創建完成后,我們對網站的風格做些微調,以便能契合應用主題
Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml 做如下更改(請看黃色高亮部分)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>@ViewBag.Title - Contact</title>
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
@Html.ActionLink("Contact", "Index", "Home", null, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })
</div>
<div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Contacts", "Index", "Contact")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Groups", "Index", "Group")</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container body-content">
@RenderBody()
<hr />
<footer>
<p>© @DateTime.Now.Year - Contact</p>
</footer>
</div>
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
@RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>
Views\Home\Index.cshtml 替換成如下內容
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Home Page"; } <div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Contact</h1> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2>Welcome to Contact</h2> <p> Contact is a sample application that demonstrates how to use Entity Framework 6 in an ASP.NET MVC 5 web application. </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h2>Build it from scratch</h2> <p>You can build the application by following the steps in the tutorial series on the following site.</p> <p><a class="btn btn-default" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/panchunting/p/creating-an-entity-framework-data-model-for-an-asp-net-mvc-application.html">See the tutorial »</a></p> </div> </div>
運行看一下效果吧

安裝EF6


創建數據模型
在Models文件夾下,分別創建Contact.cs、Enrollment.cs、Group.cs三個類
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public class Contact { public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public class Enrollment { public int EnrollmentID { get; set; } public int ContactID { get; set; } public int GroupID { get; set; } public virtual Contact Contact { get; set; } public virtual Group Group { get; set; } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace PCT.Contact.Models { public enum GroupName { Friend, Family, Colleague, Schoolmate, Stranger } public class Group { public int GroupID { get; set; } public GroupName? GroupName { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } } }
PS:發現VS 2013有一個自動提示reference,是不是很方便啊

創建Database Context
在PCT.Contact項目下新建文件夾DAL(Data Access Layer),繼而繼續新建CommunicationContext.cs

悲劇啊,由於類Contact和項目名稱Contact重復,不得不寫全稱啊,以后注意。
繼續在DAL目錄下創建CommunicationInitializer.cs

為了通知EF使用你創建的initializer class,在項目的web.config中添加entityFramework節點
<entityFramework> <contexts> <context type="PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationContext, PCT.Contact"> <databaseInitializer type="PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationInitializer, PCT.Contact" /> </context> </contexts> <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" /> <providers> <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /> </providers> </entityFramework>
設置EF使用SQL Server Express LocalDB database
在項目web.config中添加connectionstrings(在appSettings之上)
<connectionStrings> <add name="CommunicationContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=ContactCommunication;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/> </connectionStrings> <appSettings> <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" /> <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" /> <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" /> <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" /> </appSettings>
創建Contact的控制器和視圖



運行結果

查看LocalDB

