在日常的編碼中,經常會遇到JSON類型的數據,有簡單的,也有復雜的。對於簡單的,我們可以用正則等匹配,但是一旦遇到復雜的,就比較難辦了。
數據分析
目前手頭上需要制作一個天氣預報功能,現成的接口已經有了。我隨便輸入一個城市,然后出現了如下的信息:
{"wdata":{"cityName":"鶴壁",
"location":{"lat":"35.62",
"lng":"114.18"},
"today":"2013-9-12 10:30:00",
"sevDays":[{"date":"2013-9-12 20:00:00","Tmax":"28","weatherID":"02轉01","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"18"},
{"date":"2013-9-13 20:00:00","Tmax":"33","weatherID":"00","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"18"},
{"date":"2013-9-14 20:00:00","Tmax":"35","weatherID":"00","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"19"},
{"date":"2013-9-15 20:00:00","Tmax":"27","weatherID":"01","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"16"},
{"date":"2013-9-16 20:00:00","Tmax":"25","weatherID":"01","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"17"},
{"date":"2013-9-17 20:00:00","Tmax":"26","weatherID":"02","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"18"},
{"date":"2013-9-18 20:00:00","Tmax":"27","weatherID":"02轉07","windDir":"0","windPower":"0","Tmin":"16"}],
"zhishu":[{"value":"2","name":"CY"},
{"value":"0","name":"ZS"},
{"value":"8","name":"FH"},
{"value":"2","name":"ZWX"},
{"value":"4","name":"KQWR"},
{"value":"2","name":"LY"},
{"value":"1","name":"JT"},
{"value":"1","name":"GM"},
{"value":"1","name":"SSD"}],
"currentMessage":{"reportTime":"2013-9-12 13:00:00",
"weatherID":"02",
"temperature":"27",
"windDir":"4",
"windPower":"0",
"humidity":"69.0",
"visibility":"8",
"pressure":"1012.2",
"sunrise":"6:01",
"sunset":"18:38"}
}
}
這段JSON數據結構比一般的要復雜那么一點,不過從其結構來看:
第一層應該是wdata。
第二層是cityName(城市名稱),location(經緯度),today(當前時間),sevDays(后續天氣),zhishu(指數),currentMessage(當前預報信息)。
第三層是:location下面的lat,lng;sevDays下面的date,Tmax,weatherID,windDir,windPower,Tmin; 然后是zhishu下面的value 和 name;最后是currentMessage下面的reportTime,weatherID,temperature,windDir,windPower,humidity,visibility,pressure,sunrise,sunset信息:
所以,總共說來,這個JSON數據總共就三層。
解析方式
那么,如何來解析呢?
其實,我們完全可以從最底層的結構分析起來,然后簡歷相關的類,最后把這些建立的類組合成類似json數據的結構就可以了。
這里,最底層就是第三層,我們開始建立起相關的類對象:
對於sevDays下的項目, 建立如下類:
using System; namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class DateReleation { //sevDays public DateTime date { get; set; } public int Tmax { get; set; } public string weatherID { get; set; } public int windDir { get; set; } public int windPower { get; set; } public int Tmin { get; set; } } }
對於zhishu下的項目,建立的類如下:
namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class IndexPoint { //zhishu public int value { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } } }
對於currentMessage下的項目,建立的類如下:
using System; namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class CurrentMessage { //currentMessage public DateTime reportTime { get; set; } public string weatherID {get;set;} public double temperature { get; set; } public string windDir { get; set; } public string windPower { get; set; } public double humidity { get; set; } public string visibility { get; set; } public double pressure { get; set; } public string sunrise { get; set; } public string sunset { get; set; } } }
對於location下面的項目,建立的類如下:
namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class Location { //location public string lat { get; set; } public string lng { get; set; } } }
當第三層的都建立完畢后,現在來建立第二層,第二層的對象如上面所述,但是需要注意的是,sevDays,zhishu都是可以有多條記錄的 ,所以我們得用List對象來保存。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class WeatherMain { //wdata public string cityName { get; set; } public Location location { get; set; } public DateTime today { get; set; } public List<DateReleation> sevDays { get; set; } public List<IndexPoint> zhishu { get; set; } public CurrentMessage currentMessage { get; set; } public WeatherMain() { sevDays = new List<DateReleation>(); zhishu = new List<IndexPoint>(); } } }
上面的代碼是依據JSON數據的結構而建立的,這樣能夠最大程度避免數據的不准確性。
最后,建立頂層的類:
namespace Nxt.Common.Weather { public class Daemon { public WeatherMain wdata { get; set; } } }
這樣,我們的類結構就建立完畢了。
最后審查一下我們建立的類結構,是不是和JSON數據的組織結構是一樣的呢?
如果是一樣的,讓我們進入下一步:
using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Web.Script.Serialization; using Nxt.Common.Weather; using System.Text; namespace Nxt.Web.Code { public class WeatherDaemon { public Daemon GetWeather(string areaName) { string url = "http://weather.****.net/Weather/getWeather.php?area=" + areaName; WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url); HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); Stream dataStream = response.GetResponseStream(); string weatherData = string.Empty; if (dataStream != null) { try { using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream, Encoding.UTF8)) { weatherData = reader.ReadToEnd(); } } catch (OutOfMemoryException oe) { throw new Exception(oe.Data.ToString()); } catch (IOException ie) { throw new Exception(ie.Data.ToString()); } } if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(weatherData)) { JavaScriptSerializer ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); Daemon main = ser.Deserialize<Daemon>(weatherData); return main; } return null; } } }
請注意圖中黃色部分,(使用JavaScriptSerializer,我們需要引用System.web.extensions.)
最后看看結果,我們是不是得到了想要的數據呢?