由於需要在Linux服務器(Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0)上配置郵件服務,需要安裝Sendmail包,一般Sendmail的安裝有兩種方式:RPM包安裝方式以及源代碼安裝方式。在Red Hat平台,一般都習慣使用RPM包安裝方式,這個比源代碼安裝方式要快捷方便一些。
步驟一:首先檢測系統是否安裝了Sendmail相關包
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -q sendmail
package sendmail is not installed
步驟二:掛載光盤或安裝介質
如下所示,安裝包一般位於Packages下,掛載好光盤或安裝介質后,進入該目錄
[root@bogon ~]# cd /mnt/hgfs/relhat6/Packages/
步驟三:開始安裝Sendmail相關包
使用ls命令查找Sendmail服務相關的包,如下所示
[root@bogon Packages]# ls sendmail*
sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm sendmail-cf-8.14.4-8.el6.noarch.rpm
注意,最好的方式是使用yum命令安裝,這樣就能避免rpm安裝過程缺少依賴,導致安裝需要反復中斷的問題,或者你首先需要查看文檔資料,將所有依賴的包提前安裝好后,然后安裝Sendmail相關包,不過下面本着學習、探究的態度,來看看具體過程吧
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libhesiod.so.0()(64bit) is needed by sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64
procmail is needed by sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64
安裝失敗,因為sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm需要依賴libhesiod.so.0()(64bit),這時你需要先安裝包hesiod-3.1.0-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh hesiod-3.1.0-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: hesiod-3.1.0-19.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:hesiod ########################################### [100%]
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
procmail is needed by sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64
安裝失敗,因為sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm需要依賴procmail,這時你需要先安裝包procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon Packages]# ls procmail*
procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:procmail ########################################### [100%]
[root@bogon Packages]#
折騰了兩次才搞定,如果這個包依賴N個包,那么要折騰死,看來yum安裝才是最快捷的方式
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: sendmail-8.14.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:sendmail ########################################### [100%]
[root@bogon Packages]#
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh sendmail-cf-8.14.4-8.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: sendmail-cf-8.14.4-8.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:sendmail-cf ########################################### [100%]
[root@bogon Packages]#
接下來需要安裝生成配置文件的m4工具包
[root@bogon Packages]# ls m4*
m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64 is already installed
[root@bogon Packages]#
在啟動服務之前,需要配置sendmail.mc,然后用m4生成sendmail.cf配置文件(其實不用配置也可啟動服務,當然如果要能成功發送郵件,那是必須的)
[root@bogon mail]# m4 sendmail.mc > sendmail.cf
[root@bogon mail]#
[root@bogon Packages]# service sendmail start
Starting sendmail: [ OK ]
Starting sm-client: [ OK ]
[root@bogon Packages]#