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ruby on rails 中render的使用

本文轉載自   查看原文   2013-08-03 22:32   11228 

 

render 先上點搜集的常用方式

 

[ruby] view plain copy print ?
  1. render :action => "long_goal", :layout => "spectacular" 
  2. render :partial => "person", :locals => { :name => "david" } 
  3. render :template => "weblog/show", :locals => {:customer => Customer.new} 
  4. render :file => "c:/path/to/some/template.erb", :layout => true, :status => 404 
  5. render :text => "Hi there!", :layout => "special" 
  6. render :text => proc { |response, output| output.write("Hello from code!") } 
  7. render :xml => {:name => "David"}.to_xml 
  8. render :json => {:name => "David"}.to_json, :callback => 'show' 
  9. render :inline => "<%= 'hello ' + name %>", :locals => { :name => "david" } 
  10. render :js => "alert('hello')" 
  11. render :xml => post.to_xml, :status => :created, :location => post_url(post)  
render :action => "long_goal", :layout => "spectacular"
render :partial => "person", :locals => { :name => "david" }
render :template => "weblog/show", :locals => {:customer => Customer.new}
render :file => "c:/path/to/some/template.erb", :layout => true, :status => 404
render :text => "Hi there!", :layout => "special"
render :text => proc { |response, output| output.write("Hello from code!") }
render :xml => {:name => "David"}.to_xml
render :json => {:name => "David"}.to_json, :callback => 'show'
render :inline => "<%= 'hello ' + name %>", :locals => { :name => "david" }
render :js => "alert('hello')"
render :xml => post.to_xml, :status => :created, :location => post_url(post)

 

 

例如 <%= render 'form' %> 就是 跳轉到 _form.html.erb文件

1:render(:text => string)   2:render(:inline => string, 3:[:type => "rhtml"|"rxml"])   4:render(:action => action_name)   5:render(:file => path, 6:[:use_full_path => true|false])   7:render(:template => name)   8:render(:partial => name)   9:render(:nothing=>true)   10:render() 

 

第1行：直接渲染出文本 第2行：把傳入的string渲染成模板（rhtml或者rxml） 第3行：直接調用某個action的模板，相當於forward到一個view 第4行：使用某個模板文件render, 當use_full_path參數為true時可以傳入相對路徑 第5行：使用模板名render，e.x.: render(:template => "blog/short_list") 第6行：以局部模板渲染 第7行：什么也不輸出,包括layout 第8行：默認的的render, 相當於render(:action => self)

 

查了render的源碼，粘貼出來如下：

 

[ruby] view plain copy print ?
  1. Renders the content that will be returned to the browser as the response body. 
  2. Rendering an action 
  3.  
  4. Action rendering is the most common form and the type used automatically by Action Controller when nothing else is specified. By default, actions are rendered within the current layout (if one exists). 
  5.  
  6.   # Renders the template for the action "goal" within the current controller  
  7.   render :action => "goal" 
  8.  
  9.   # Renders the template for the action "short_goal" within the current controller,  
  10.   # but without the current active layout  
  11.   render :action => "short_goal", :layout => false 
  12.  
  13.   # Renders the template for the action "long_goal" within the current controller,  
  14.   # but with a custom layout  
  15.   render :action => "long_goal", :layout => "spectacular" 
  16.  
  17. Rendering partials 
  18.  
  19. Partial rendering in a controller is most commonly used together with Ajax calls that only update one or a few elements on a page without reloading. Rendering of partials from the controller makes it possible to use the same partial template in both the full-page rendering (by calling it from within the template) andwhen sub-page updates happen (from the controller action responding to Ajax calls). By default, the current layout is not used. 
  20.  
  21.   # Renders the same partial with a local variable.  
  22.   render :partial => "person", :locals => { :name => "david" } 
  23.  
  24.   # Renders the partial, making @new_person available through  
  25.   # the local variable 'person'  
  26.   render :partial => "person", :object => @new_person 
  27.  
  28.   # Renders a collection of the same partial by making each element  
  29.   # of @winners available through the local variable "person" as it  
  30.   # builds the complete response.  
  31.   render :partial => "person", :collection => @winners 
  32.  
  33.   # Renders a collection of partials but with a custom local variable name  
  34.   render :partial => "admin_person", :collection => @winners, :as => :person 
  35.  
  36.   # Renders the same collection of partials, but also renders the  
  37.   # person_divider partial between each person partial.  
  38.   render :partial => "person", :collection => @winners, :spacer_template => "person_divider" 
  39.  
  40.   # Renders a collection of partials located in a view subfolder  
  41.   # outside of our current controller.  In this example we will be  
  42.   # rendering app/views/shared/_note.r(html|xml)  Inside the partial  
  43.   # each element of @new_notes is available as the local var "note".  
  44.   render :partial => "shared/note", :collection => @new_notes 
  45.  
  46.   # Renders the partial with a status code of 500 (internal error).  
  47.   render :partial => "broken", :status => 500 
  48.  
  49. Note that the partial filename must also be a valid Ruby variable name, so e.g. 2005 and register-user are invalid. 
  50. Automatic etagging 
  51.  
  52. Rendering will automatically insert the etag header on 200 OK responses. The etag is calculated using MD5 of the response body. If a request comes in that has a matching etag, the response will be changed to a 304 Not Modified and the response body will be set to an empty string. No etag header will be inserted if it‘s already set. 
  53. Rendering a template 
  54.  
  55. Template rendering works just like action rendering except that it takes a path relative to the template root. The current layout is automatically applied. 
  56.  
  57.   # Renders the template located in [TEMPLATE_ROOT]/weblog/show.r(html|xml) (in Rails, app/views/weblog/show.erb)  
  58.   render :template => "weblog/show" 
  59.  
  60.   # Renders the template with a local variable  
  61.   render :template => "weblog/show", :locals => {:customer => Customer.new} 
  62.  
  63. Rendering a file 
  64.  
  65. File rendering works just like action rendering except that it takes a filesystem path. By default, the path is assumed to be absolute, and the current layout is not applied. 
  66.  
  67.   # Renders the template located at the absolute filesystem path  
  68.   render :file => "/path/to/some/template.erb" 
  69.   render :file => "c:/path/to/some/template.erb" 
  70.  
  71.   # Renders a template within the current layout, and with a 404 status code  
  72.   render :file => "/path/to/some/template.erb", :layout => true, :status => 404 
  73.   render :file => "c:/path/to/some/template.erb", :layout => true, :status => 404 
  74.  
  75. Rendering text 
  76.  
  77. Rendering of text is usually used for tests orfor rendering prepared content, such as a cache. By default, text rendering is not done within the active layout. 
  78.  
  79.   # Renders the clear text "hello world" with status code 200  
  80.   render :text => "hello world!" 
  81.  
  82.   # Renders the clear text "Explosion!"  with status code 500  
  83.   render :text => "Explosion!", :status => 500 
  84.  
  85.   # Renders the clear text "Hi there!" within the current active layout (if one exists)  
  86.   render :text => "Hi there!", :layout => true 
  87.  
  88.   # Renders the clear text "Hi there!" within the layout  
  89.   # placed in "app/views/layouts/special.r(html|xml)"  
  90.   render :text => "Hi there!", :layout => "special" 
  91.  
  92. Streaming data and/or controlling the page generation 
  93.  
  94. The :text option can also accept a Proc object, which can be used to: 
  95.  
  96.    1. stream on-the-fly generated data to the browser. Note that you should use the methods provided by ActionController::Steaming instead if you want to stream a buffer or a file. 
  97.    2. manually control the page generation. This should generally be avoided, as it violates the separation between code and content, and because almost everything that can be done with this method can also be done more cleanly using one of the other rendering methods, most notably templates. 
  98.  
  99. Two arguments are passed to the proc, a response object and an output object. The response object is equivalent to the return value of the ActionController::Base#response method, and can be used to control various things in the HTTP response, such as setting the Content-Type header. The output object is an writable IO-like object, so one can call write and flush on it.  
  100.  
  101. The following example demonstrates how one can stream a large amount of on-the-fly generated data to the browser: 
  102.  
  103.   # Streams about 180 MB of generated data to the browser.  
  104.   render :text => proc { |response, output| 
  105.     10_000_000.times do |i| 
  106.       output.write("This is line #{i}\n") 
  107.       output.flush 
  108.     end 
  109.   } 
  110.  
  111. Another example: 
  112.  
  113.   # Renders "Hello from code!"  
  114.   render :text => proc { |response, output| output.write("Hello from code!") } 
  115.  
  116. Rendering XML 
  117.  
  118. Rendering XML sets the content type to application/xml. 
  119.  
  120.   # Renders '<name>David</name>'  
  121.   render :xml => {:name => "David"}.to_xml 
  122.  
  123. It‘s not necessary to call to_xml on the object you want to render, since render will automatically do that for you: 
  124.  
  125.   # Also renders '<name>David</name>'  
  126.   render :xml => {:name => "David"} 
  127.  
  128. Rendering JSON 
  129.  
  130. Rendering JSON sets the content type to application/json and optionally wraps the JSON in a callback. It is expected that the response will be parsed (or eval‘d) for use as a data structure. 
  131.  
  132.   # Renders '{"name": "David"}'  
  133.   render :json => {:name => "David"}.to_json 
  134.  
  135. It‘s not necessary to call to_json on the object you want to render, since render will automatically do that for you: 
  136.  
  137.   # Also renders '{"name": "David"}'  
  138.   render :json => {:name => "David"} 
  139.  
  140. Sometimes the result isn‘t handled directly by a script (such as when the request comes from a SCRIPT tag), so the :callback option is provided for these cases. 
  141.  
  142.   # Renders 'show({"name": "David"})'  
  143.   render :json => {:name => "David"}.to_json, :callback => 'show' 
  144.  
  145. Rendering an inline template 
  146.  
  147. Rendering of an inline template works as a cross between text and action rendering where the source for the template is supplied inline, like text, but its interpreted with ERb or Builder, like action. By default, ERb is used for rendering and the current layout is not used. 
  148.  
  149.   # Renders "hello, hello, hello, again"  
  150.   render :inline => "<%= 'hello, ' * 3 + 'again' %>" 
  151.  
  152.   # Renders "<p>Good seeing you!</p>" using Builder  
  153.   render :inline => "xml.p { 'Good seeing you!' }", :type => :builder 
  154.  
  155.   # Renders "hello david"  
  156.   render :inline => "<%= 'hello ' + name %>", :locals => { :name => "david" } 
  157.  
  158. Rendering inline JavaScriptGenerator page updates 
  159.  
  160. In addition to rendering JavaScriptGenerator page updates with Ajax in RJS templates (see ActionView::Base for details), you can also pass the :update parameter to render, along with a block, to render page updates inline. 
  161.  
  162.   render :updatedo |page| 
  163.     page.replace_html  'user_list', :partial => 'user', :collection => @users 
  164.     page.visual_effect :highlight, 'user_list' 
  165.   end 
  166.  
  167. Rendering vanilla JavaScript 
  168.  
  169. In addition to using RJS with render :update, you can also just render vanilla JavaScript with :js. 
  170.  
  171.   # Renders "alert('hello')" and sets the mime type to text/javascript  
  172.   render :js => "alert('hello')" 
  173.  
  174. Rendering with status and location headers 
  175.  
  176. All renders take the :statusand:location options and turn them into headers. They can even be used together: 
  177.  
  178.   render :xml => post.to_xml, :status => :created, :location => post_url(post) 


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