http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/1638770402012425111617904/
rvm 全稱Ruby Version Manager, 確實是一個非常好用的ruby版本管理以及安裝工具.
下面介紹一下rvm的安裝, 使用rvm, 安裝ruby, 以及gem的使用.
一、安裝rvm
官方網站上介紹得很簡單, 但是使用官方網站安裝會出現問題, SSL的問題. 所以我分兩步進行, 第一步下載安裝腳本. 第二步修改安裝腳本. 第三步安裝.
以下介紹的是使用root用戶在CentOS中安裝rvm的過程.
1. 下載腳本到ins文件中. 注意使用了curl的-k選項, 因為地址是https的. 不加-k會報異常.
[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# curl -k https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer >./ins
2. 修改ins腳本中的curl都加上-k否則會無法使用.
vi ins
需要修改兩處curl.
curl -sk https://api.github.com/repos/wayneeseguin/rvm/tags
if curl -kL ${_url} -o ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file}
3. 使用修改后的ins腳本安裝rvm
[root@db-172-16-3-33~]# cat ins|bash -s stable
輸出結果 :
Downloading RVM from wayneeseguin branch stable
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1023k 100 1023k 0 0 173k 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 383k
Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
Creating RVM system user group'rvm'
# RVM: Shell scripts enabling management of multiple ruby environments.
# RTFM: https://rvm.io/
# HELP: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=rvm (#rvm on irc.freenode.net)
# Cheatsheet: http://cheat.errtheblog.com/s/rvm/
# Screencast: http://screencasts.org/episodes/how-to-use-rvm
# In case of any issues read output of 'rvm requirements' and/or 'rvm notes'
Installation of RVM in/usr/local/rvm/is almost complete:
*First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm'group,
and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with`umask g+w`.
*To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`
in all your open shell windows,in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
# root,
#
# Thank you for using RVM!
# I sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne
4. 修改root 下的環境變量
vi ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/rvm/bin:/opt/git1.7.10.2/bin:$PATH
更新環境變量.
.~/.bash_profile
這里就安裝完rvm了
二、rvm的使用, 簡單的介紹一下
[root@db5 ~]# rvm list help
Usage:
rvm list [action]
Actions:
{help,known,gemsets,default[string],rubies,strings,known_strings,ruby_svn_tags}
1. 列出rvm管理的軟件及版本
[root@db5 ~]# rvm list known
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-p358]
[ruby-]1.8.7-head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2-p180
[ruby-]1.9.2-p290
[ruby-]1.9.2-p318
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p320]
[ruby-]1.9.2-head
[ruby-]1.9.3-preview1
[ruby-]1.9.3-rc1
[ruby-]1.9.3-p0
[ruby-]1.9.3-p125
[ruby-]1.9.3-[p194]
[ruby-]1.9.3-head
ruby-head
# GoRuby
goruby
# TheCodeShop - MRI experimental patches
tcs
# JRuby
jruby-1.2.0
jruby-1.3.1
jruby-1.4.0
jruby-1.6.5
jruby-1.6.5.1
jruby-1.6.6
jruby-1.6.7
jruby[-1.6.7.2]
jruby-head
jruby-1.7.0.preview1
# Rubinius
rbx-1.0.1
rbx-1.1.1
rbx-1.2.3
rbx-1.2.4
rbx[-head]
rbx-2.0.testing
# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
# Kiji
kiji
# MagLev
maglev[-head]
maglev-1.0.0
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby[-0.10]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
# IronRuby -- Not implemented yet.
ironruby-0.9.3
ironruby-1.0-rc2
ironruby-head
三、使用RVM安裝ruby
從上面的輸出我們能看到rvm管理的ruby版本中包含了當前的穩定版1.9.3-p194, 接下來就安裝這個版本.
但是注意, 使用rvm安裝的話需要聯網, 怎么辦呢? 可以不聯網嗎? 可能不可以, 因為要獲得依賴關系什么的, 但是可以提前下載好安裝包房到archives目錄下, 這樣可以省去下載包的過程.
1. 聯網安裝
[root@db5 ~]# rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194
輸出
Fetching yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/archives
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 460k 100 460k 0 0 91728 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 190k
Extracting yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz to /usr/local/rvm/src
Prepare yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Configuring yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Compiling yaml in /usr/local/rvm/src/yaml-0.1.4.
Installing yaml to /usr/local/rvm/usr
Installing Ruby from source to: /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-1.9.3-p194 -#fetching
ruby-1.9.3-p194 - #downloading ruby-1.9.3-p194, this may take a while depending on your connection...
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
.... 略
到安裝rubygems的時候會出錯, 無法獲取版本號. 所以需要手工安裝rubygems.
-- 下載rubygems錯誤,貌似版本信息沒有獲取到.
Retrieving rubygems-
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404
The requested url does not exist: 'http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-.tgz'
Trying ftp:// URL instead.
CTRL+C退出
-- 手動安裝rubygems, 見第3步
2. 下載好包后放到archives目錄下再安裝
如果下載太慢, 也可以先下載好yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz, ruby-1.9.3-p194.tar.bz2 放在/usr/local/rvm/archives下面
然后執行
rvm install ruby-1.9.3-p194
3. 安裝rubygems
下載rubygems安裝包.
wget http://production.cf.rubygems.org/rubygems/rubygems-1.8.24.tgz
解壓
tar -zxvf rubygems-1.8.24.tgz
放到一個目錄, （可選）
mv rubygems-1.8.24/usr/local/rvm/src/
cd /usr/local/rvm/src/rubygems-1.8.24
--由於是rvm管理的ruby環境,所以在安裝rubygems前,先轉到對應的ruby 環境,--default表示設置為默認的ruby環境
[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# rvm use ruby-1.9.3-p194 --default
Using /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194
干了什么呢? 弄了個軟鏈接.
[root@db5 rubies]# pwd /usr/local/rvm/rubies [root@db5 rubies]# ll total 4.0K lrwxrwxrwx 1 root rvm 37May2510:47default->/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194 drwxr-xr-x 6 root rvm 4.0KMay2511:34 ruby-1.9.3-p194
--安裝rubygems
[root@db-172-16-3-33 rubygems-1.8.24]# ruby setup.rb
輸出結果
RubyGems 1.8.24 installed
==1.8.24/2012-04-27
*1 bug fix:
*Install the .pem files properly.Fixes#320
* Remove OpenSSL dependency from the http code path
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RubyGems installed the following executables:
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin/gem
4. 列出當前rvm管理的軟件
[root@db5 ruby-1.9.3-p194]# rvm list
rvm rubies
=*/usr/local/rvm/scripts/list: line 294:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/config:No such file or directory
ruby-1.9.3-p194 [ ]
# => - current
# =* - current && default
# * - default
5. 重新安裝
rvm reinstall ruby-1.9.3-p194
6. 移除已安裝的軟件
rvm remove ruby-1.9.3-p194
四、gem的使用介紹
1. 源管理,添加淘寶源
[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source --add 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
http://ruby.taobao.org/ added to sources
[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
http://rubygems.org/
http://ruby.taobao.org/
2. 更新源cache
[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem source -u
source cache successfully updated
3. 查看源里有哪些軟件
gem query -r -a
--也可使用規則表達式
[root@db5 soft_bak]# gem query -r -n 'redis'
*** REMOTE GEMS ***
active-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
adapter-redis (0.5.1 ruby)
bayes_on_redis (0.2.2 ruby)
bayes_on_redis_internal (0.0.1 ruby)
cache-machine-redis (0.0.1 ruby)
cs-em-hiredis (0.1.2 ruby)
datalogger-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
datastore_redis (0.0.8 ruby)
dm-redis-adapter (0.6.2 ruby)
dsander-redis (1.0.6 ruby)
dsander-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)
easyredis (0.0.6 ruby)
em-hiredis (0.1.1 ruby)
em-redis (0.3.0 ruby)
em-redislite (0.2.2 ruby)
eventmachine-redis (0.1.3 ruby)
extraloop-redis-storage (0.0.12 ruby)
eycloud-recipe-redis (0.2.0 ruby)
fakeredis (0.3.1 ruby)
faye-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
feedzirra-redis (0.1.1 ruby)
fluent-plugin-redis (0.2.0 ruby)
goncalossilva_redis-session-store (0.1.8.1 ruby)
guard-redis (0.1.0 ruby)
hiera-redis (0.1.3 ruby)
hiera-redis-backend (0.0.1 ruby)
hiredis (0.4.5 ruby java java)
honkster-redis-store (0.3.16 ruby)
i18n_redis (0.0.2 ruby)
integration_test_redis (0.0.2 ruby)
jashmenn-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)
joffice_redis (0.1.1 ruby)
kali-redis (0.1.1 ruby)
mlanett-redis-lock(0.1.1 ruby)
mock_redis (0.4.1 ruby)
namespaced_redis (1.0.2 ruby)
newrelic-redis (1.3.2 ruby)
nono-redis-store (1.0.0 ruby)
opengotham_redis-namespace(0.4.4 ruby)
openid-redis-store (0.0.2 ruby)
orm-redis (0.0.0 ruby)
qu-redis (0.1.4 ruby)
rack-session-redis (0.0.3 ruby)
rails3-redis-session-store (0.3.0 ruby)
rails_redis_cache (0.2.0 ruby)
redis (3.0.0 ruby)
redis-actionpack (3.2.3 ruby)
redis-activesupport (3.2.3 ruby)
redis-aid (0.1.0 ruby)
redis-cache (1.0.1 ruby)
redis-classy (1.0.2 ruby)
redis-column (0.0.3 ruby)
redis-connection-ssl (0.0.1 ruby)
redis-connection-universal (0.0.1 ruby)
redis-diff_match_patch (1.1.1 ruby)
redis-dump(0.3.2 ruby)
redis-expiring-set(0.1.2 ruby)
redis-expiring_counter (1.0.0.0 ruby)
redis-friendships (0.2 ruby)
redis-health (0.0.1 ruby)
redis-i18n (0.6.0 ruby)
redis-load (0.2 ruby)
redis-lock(0.1.0 ruby)
redis-messages (0.1 ruby)
redis-mmm (0.1.1 ruby)
redis-model (0.1.3 ruby)
redis-model-extension (0.3.3 ruby)
redis-mutex (1.2.3 ruby)
redis-namespace(1.1.0 ruby)
redis-native_hash (0.2.1 ruby)
redis-objective (0.1.0 ruby)
redis-objects (0.5.2 ruby)
redis-orm (0.0.4 ruby)
redis-persistence (0.0.7 ruby)
redis-rack (1.4.1 ruby)
redis-rack-cache (1.2 ruby)
redis-rails (3.2.3 ruby)
redis-repeater (0.2.6 ruby)
redis-retry(0.1.0 ruby)
redis-roc (0.5.3 ruby)
redis-scheduler (0.4 ruby)
redis-scripted (0.0.3 ruby)
redis-search (0.8.0 ruby)
redis-semaphore (0.1.1 ruby)
redis-server (0.0.5 ruby)
redis-session-store (0.1.9 ruby)
redis-settings (0.2.1 ruby)
redis-sinatra (1.3.2 ruby)
redis-slave (0.0.3 ruby)
redis-spawn (0.0.5 ruby)
redis-store (1.1.0 ruby)
redis-structured-multi (0.0.2 ruby)
redis-textsearch (0.2.0 ruby)
redis-timeline (0.1.6 ruby)
redis-types (0.1.7 ruby)
redis-ui (0.1.3 ruby)
redis2-session-store (0.0.3 ruby)
redis_autocomplete (0.1.4 ruby)
redis_buddy (1.0.0 ruby)
redis_cache (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_cache_mailer_delivery (0.0.6 ruby)
redis_directory (1.0.4 ruby)
redis_failover (0.8.3 ruby)
redis_feature_control (0.0.2 ruby)
redis_feed (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_geo (0.0.0 ruby)
redis_knock (0.0.2 ruby)
redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)
redis_master_slave (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_on_heroku (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_orm (0.6.2 ruby)
redis_props (0.3 ruby)
redis_record (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_resque_initializer (0.0.1 ruby)
redis_ring (0.1.3 ruby)
redis_ring_client (0.1.2 ruby)
redis_selector (0.1.0 ruby)
redis_session_store (0.0.2 ruby)
redis_snippets (0.0.5 ruby)
redis_status (0.1.1 ruby)
redis_storage (0.4.0 ruby)
redis_store_jr (0.2.1 ruby)
redis_support (0.0.18 ruby)
redis_throttle (0.1.0 ruby)
redis_voteable (0.1.2 ruby)
redis_wrapper (0.2.0 ruby)
redis_wrapper_rails (0.2.0 ruby)
redisarray (0.0.1 ruby)
rediscover (0.0.2 ruby)
redisearch (0.1.0 ruby)
redised (0.2.0 ruby)
redish (0.0.1 ruby)
redisk (0.2.2 ruby)
redislog (1.0.0 ruby)
redismapper (0.0.1 ruby)
redismodel (0.1.8 ruby)
redismq (0.0.6 ruby)
redisque (1.0.1 ruby)
redisrecord (0.1 ruby)
redisrpc (0.3.5 ruby)
redistat (0.5.0 ruby)
redisted (0.0.2 ruby)
redistry (0.1.3 ruby)
rspec-redis_helper (0.1.2 ruby)
ruby-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
ruby-redis-portertech (0.0.3 ruby)
ruby_redis_lock (0.1.0 ruby)
ruote-redis (2.2.0 ruby)
ryansch-mock_redis (0.3.0 ruby)
simple-redis-server (0.0.1 ruby)
simple_redis_cache (0.0.2 ruby)
simredis (0.0.5 ruby)
sinatra-redis (0.3.0 ruby)
sinatra-redis-auth (0.1.1 ruby)
sprockets-cache-redis (0.0.3 ruby)
superfeedr-em-redis (0.3.7 ruby)
synapse_redis_logger (0.1.0 ruby)
tavern-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
unified-redis (0.0.2 ruby)
uri-redis (0.4.2 ruby)
xlymian-redis-store (0.3.8 ruby)
yam-redis-with-retries (2.2.2.1 ruby)
4. 其他gem命令
[root@db5 ~]# gem help commands
GEM commands are:
build Build a gem from a gemspec
cert ManageRubyGems certificates and signing settings
check Check installed gems
cleanup Clean up old versions of installed gems in the local
repository
contents Display the contents of the installed gems
dependency Show the dependencies of an installed gem
environment Display information about the RubyGems environment
fetch Download a gem and place it in the current directory
generate_index Generates the index files for a gem server directory
help Provide help on the 'gem' command
install Install a gem into the local repository
list Display gems whose name starts with STRING
lock Generate a lockdown list of gems
outdated Display all gems that need updates
owner Manage gem owners on RubyGems.org.
pristine Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files
located in the gem cache
push Push a gem up to RubyGems.org
query Query gem information inlocalor remote repositories
rdoc GeneratesRDocfor pre-installed gems
search Display all gems whose name contains STRING
server Documentationand gem repository HTTP server
sources Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search
for gems
specification Display gem specification (in yaml)
stale List gems along with access times
uninstall Uninstall gems from the local repository
unpack Unpack an installed gem to the current directory
update Update the named gems (or all installed gems)in the local
repository
which Find the location of a library file you can require
For help on a particular command,use'gem help COMMAND'.
Commands may be abbreviated, so longas they are unambiguous.
e.g.'gem i rake'isshortfor'gem install rake'.