阿里雲+django實戰記錄

2013年7月13日10:36:53：接上篇，bae部署django沒成功，轉戰阿里雲。。

阿里雲服務器最便宜69/月，現在有個活動，新用戶送20元現金券，我就花了RMB 49買了一個，操作系統選的是ubuntu1204安全加強版。

1.putty登陸遠程主機

putty下載地址：http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.zip，解壓后直接運行putty.exe即可。

2.Xftp與遠程主機傳文件

Xftp下載地址http://www.onlinedown.net/soft/143.htm

以上兩步看aliyun的幫助文檔即可，easy，http://help.aliyun.com/manual?spm=0.0.0.0.ZERNiU&helpId=1846

3.安裝apache+mysql+python+django

管理mysql就用phpmyadmin了，這樣就得再裝個php，命令如下

 

apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin

期間要求輸mysql root用戶密碼和phpmyadmin的登陸密碼

python系統自帶了。需要裝python-mysqldb

 

apt-get install python-mysqldb 

安裝一個mod_wsgi，此物就是將Python應用部署到Apache上的。

 

 

apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi

鏈接phpmyadmin

 

 

ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/phpmyadmin

python ubuntu已經自帶了，需要安裝一個python-mysqldb

 

 

apt-get install python-mysqldb  

 

django從官網下載，我當前下載的版本是1.5.1，然后按照官網的說明安裝。

重啟Apache2的命令：

 

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

4.啟動一個django站點

切換到/srv目錄下，啟動一個django站點

 

django-admin.py startproject mysite  

 

 

5. 下面是配置apache了

django官方有一篇如何配置的文檔，mod_wsgi官網也有如何配置的文檔。主要一點mod_wsgi有兩種工作模式，嵌入到Apache和作為線程的守護模式。官方推薦用守護模式，守護模式沒研究，嵌入模式最簡單，先用嵌入模式。

編輯Apache的配置文件

 

 

gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

	DocumentRoot /var/www
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride None
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>

	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

	# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
	# alert, emerg.
	LogLevel warn

	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

 

重點就是在原來文件的基礎上增加了

 

WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>

還有編輯/etc/apache2/httpd.conf文件，增加下面這行

 

WSGIPythonPath /srv/mysite

然后重啟apache服務就OK了！

 

此時通過瀏覽器訪問你的雲服務器主機地址xx:xx:xx:xx/app/，就可一看到django默認頁面了！

6.連接數據庫

編輯mysite/settings.py，修改DATABASES一項

 

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'db_name',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': 'root',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': 'your_mysql_passwd',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

 

django默認安裝的應用有：

 

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    #'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

運行下面的命令，同步數據庫，為默認安裝的應用創建table：

 

 

python manage.py syncdb

 

7.創建一個app+模型

輸入下面的命令，創建一個叫polls的應用

python manage.py startapp polls

接下來創建模型（models），按照django官網教程的例子，編輯polls/models.py

 

 

from django.db import models

class Poll(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question
class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) 
    choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) 
    votes = models.IntegerField()
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.choice

 

這里的意思創建了兩個模型：Poll、Choice。__unicode__方法是定義模型默認顯示的內容。

 

激活模型，編輯mysite/settings.py中INSTALLED_APP，如下：

 

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'polls',
)

同步一下數據庫

python manage.py syncdb

可以在shell下輸入一些python語句，為模型創建內容。進入shell環境的命令為：

 

 

python manage.py shell

 

例如：

 

>>> from polls.models import Poll, Choice   # Import the model classes we just wrote.

# No polls are in the system yet.
>>> Poll.objects.all()
[]

# Create a new Poll.
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> p = Poll(question="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())

# Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
>>> p.save()

# Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending
# on which database you're using. That's no biggie; it just means your
# database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer
# objects.
>>> p.id
1

 

8.配置url+創建視圖

編輯mysite/urls.py

 

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

編輯polls/urls.py （此文件不存在，新建一個）

 

 

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='home'),
    url(r'^show/$', views.show_all, name='show'),
)   

創建views.index視圖，編輯polls/views.py

 

 

from django.http import HttpResponse  


def index(request):  
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the poll index.")  

此時訪問主機名xx:xx:xx:xx/app/polls 就可以看到hello world視圖了！

9.開啟admin應用

首先編輯settings.py，打開admin應用

 

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'polls',
)

 

同步下數據庫

python manage.py syncdb

 

編輯mysite/urls.py，打開admin的視圖

 

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
    url(r'^$', 'polls.views.index'),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

設置admin的靜態文件。首先編輯apache2的配置文件，讓apache提供靜態文件的服務。編輯完之后，需要重啟apache。

 

 

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

	DocumentRoot /var/www
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride None
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	AliasMatch ^/([^/]*\.css) /srv/mysite/static/styles/$1

	Alias /media/ /srv/mysite/media/
	Alias /static/ /srv/mysite/static/

	<Directory /srv/mysite/static>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

	<Directory /srv/mysite/media>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

	WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
	<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite/>
		<Files wsgi.py>
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		</Files>
	</Directory>


	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

	# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
	# alert, emerg.
	LogLevel warn

	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

在/srv/mysite/下新建一個static和media文件夾，將django/contrib/admin/static/admin這個文件夾復制到/srv/mysite/static/下。

 

在瀏覽器試一下，xx:xx:xx:xx/admin，此時有admin界面了。

注：這里有個建議，刪掉polls/urls.py，將鏈接分發統一放到mysite/urls.py這一個文件中去。原因是，過程中遇到一些莫名的問題，放在一個文件中就OK，此問題遺留。

下面把我們剛才創建的模型注冊到admin中去，（admin的作用無需解釋，走一遍django tutorial就了解了）。

在polls/下新建一個admin.py，編輯其內容如下即可：

 

from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Poll

admin.site.register(Poll)

至此，本文結束，阿里雲+django搭建完畢，剩下的是django的開發工作了。