在.net下,如果你加載了一副8位的灰度圖像,然后想向其中繪制一些線條、或者填充一些矩形、橢圓等,都需要通過Grahpics.FromImage創建Grahphics對象,而此時會出現:無法從帶有索引像素格式的圖像創建graphics對象 這個錯誤,讓我們的后續工作無法完成。本文敘述了一種另外的方法來實現它。
我們通過Reflector發編譯.net framework的相關函數后發現,FromImage的實現過程如下:
public static Graphics FromImage(Image image) { if (image == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("image"); } if ((image.PixelFormat & PixelFormat.Indexed) != PixelFormat.Undefined) { throw new Exception(SR.GetString("GdiplusCannotCreateGraphicsFromIndexedPixelFormat")); } IntPtr zero = IntPtr.Zero; int status = SafeNativeMethods.Gdip.GdipGetImageGraphicsContext(new HandleRef(image, image.nativeImage), out zero); if (status != 0) { throw SafeNativeMethods.Gdip.StatusException(status); } return new Graphics(zero) { backingImage = image }; }
而在MSDN中,對GdipGetImageGraphicsContext函數的描述有如下部分:
This constructor also fails if the image uses one of the following pixel formats:
- PixelFormatUndefined
- PixelFormatDontCare
- PixelFormat1bppIndexed
- PixelFormat4bppIndexed
- PixelFormat8bppIndexed
- PixelFormat16bppGrayScale
- PixelFormat16bppARGB1555
因此,.net是判斷當圖像為索引模式時,直接返回錯誤,而不是通過判斷GdipGetImageGraphicsContext的返回值來實現的。
針對這個事實,我們其實覺得也無可厚非,Graphics對象是用來干什么的,是用來向對應的Image中添加線條,路徑、實體圖形、圖像數據等的,而普通的索引圖像,其矩陣的內容並不是實際的顏色值,而只是個索引,真正的顏色值在調色板中,因此,一些繪制的過程用在索引圖像上存在着眾多的不適。
但是有個特列,那就是灰度圖像,嚴格的說,灰度圖像完全符合索引圖像的格式,可以認為是索引圖像的一種特例。但是我也可以認為他不屬於索引圖像一類:即他的圖像數據總的值可以認為就是其顏色值,我們可以拋開其調色板中的數據。所以在photoshop中把索引模式和灰度模式作為兩個模式來對待。
真是有這個特殊性,一些畫線、填充路徑等等的過程應該可以在灰度圖像中予以實現,單GDI+為了規避過多的判斷,未對該模式進行特殊處理。
但是,在一些特殊的場合,對灰度進行上述操作很有用途和意義。比如:在高級的圖像設計中,有着選區的概念,而選區的實質上就是一副灰度圖像,如果我們創建一個橢圓選區,設計上就是在灰度圖像上填充了一個橢圓。如果能借助GDI+提供的優質的抗鋸齒填充模式加上豐富自由的填充函數,那么就可以創建出多種多樣的選區了。可.net的一個無法創建Graphics讓我們此路不通。
有沒有辦法呢,其實也是有的,熟悉GDI+平板化API的人還知道有GdipCreateFromHDC函數,該函數可以從HDC中創建Graphics。因此我的想法就是利用GDI的方式創建位圖對象嗎,然后從GDI的HDC中創建對應的Graphics。經過實踐,這種方法是可以行的。
為此,我用GDI結合GDI+的方式創建了一個GrayBitmap類,該類的主要代碼如下:
unsafe class GrayBitmap { #region GDIAPI private const int DIB_RGB_COLORS = 0; private const int BI_RGB = 0; [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)] private struct RGBQUAD { internal byte Blue; internal byte Green; internal byte Red; internal byte Reserved; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)] private struct BITMAPINFOHEADER { internal uint Size; internal int Width; internal int Height; internal ushort Planes; internal ushort BitCount; internal uint Compression; internal uint SizeImage; internal int XPelsPerMeter; internal int YPelsPerMeter; internal uint ClrUsed; internal uint ClrImportant; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)] private struct BITMAPINFO { internal BITMAPINFOHEADER Header; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256)] internal RGBQUAD[] Palette; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] internal struct LOGPALETTE { internal ushort PalVersion; internal ushort PalNumEntries; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x400)] internal byte[] PalPalEntry; } [DllImport("User32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private extern static IntPtr GetDC(IntPtr Hwnd); [DllImport("User32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private extern static int ReleaseDC(IntPtr Hwnd, IntPtr Hdc); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private extern static IntPtr CreateCompatibleDC(IntPtr Hdc); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern uint SetDIBColorTable(IntPtr Hdc, int un1, int un2, RGBQUAD[] pcRGBQUAD); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern IntPtr CreateDIBSection(IntPtr Hdc, ref BITMAPINFO BmpInfo, uint iUsage, out byte* ppvBits, IntPtr hSection, uint dwOffset); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private extern static Boolean DeleteDC(IntPtr Hdc); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private extern static IntPtr SelectObject(IntPtr Hdc, IntPtr Object); [DllImport("Gdi32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr Object); #endregion #region PrivateVariable private int m_Width = 0; private int m_Height = 0; private int m_Stride = 0; private IntPtr m_Hdc = IntPtr.Zero; private Graphics m_Graphics = null; private IntPtr m_Handle = IntPtr.Zero; private byte* m_Pointer = null; private Bitmap m_Bitmap = null; private bool Disposed = false; #endregion #region Property public int Width { get { return m_Width; } } public int Height { get { return m_Height; } } public int Stride { get { return m_Stride; } } public IntPtr Handle { get { return m_Handle; } } public IntPtr Hdc { get { return m_Hdc; } } public Graphics Graphics { get { return m_Graphics; } } public byte* Pointer { get { return m_Pointer; } } public Bitmap Bitmap { get { return m_Bitmap; } } #endregion #region Constructor public GrayBitmap(int Width, int Height) { AllocateBitmap(Width, Height); } public GrayBitmap(string FileName) { Bitmap Bmp = (Bitmap)Bitmap.FromFile(FileName); if (IsGrayBitmap(Bmp) == false) { Bmp.Dispose(); throw new Exception("Wrong PixelFormat"); } else { AllocateBitmap(Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height); BitmapData BmpData = new BitmapData(); BmpData.Scan0 = (IntPtr)m_Pointer; BmpData.Stride = m_Stride; // 把Image對象的數據拷貝到DIBSECITON中去 Bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite | ImageLockMode.UserInputBuffer, Bmp.PixelFormat, BmpData); Bmp.UnlockBits(BmpData); Bmp.Dispose(); } } public GrayBitmap(Bitmap Bmp) { if (IsGrayBitmap(Bmp) == false) throw new Exception("Wrong PixelFormat"); else { AllocateBitmap(Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height); BitmapData BmpData = new BitmapData(); BmpData.Scan0 = (IntPtr)m_Pointer; BmpData.Stride = m_Stride; // 把Image對象的數據拷貝到DIBSECITON中去 Bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, Bmp.Width, Bmp.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite | ImageLockMode.UserInputBuffer, Bmp.PixelFormat, BmpData); Bmp.UnlockBits(BmpData); } } ~GrayBitmap() { Dispose(); } #endregion #region PublicMethod public static GrayBitmap FromFile(string FileName) { GrayBitmap Bmp = new GrayBitmap(FileName); return Bmp; } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); } protected void Dispose(bool Suppress = true) { if (Disposed == false) { Disposed = true; if (m_Hdc != IntPtr.Zero) DeleteDC(m_Hdc); m_Hdc = IntPtr.Zero; if (m_Graphics != null) m_Graphics.Dispose(); m_Graphics = null; if (m_Bitmap != null) m_Bitmap.Dispose(); m_Bitmap = null; if (m_Handle != IntPtr.Zero) DeleteObject(m_Handle); m_Handle = IntPtr.Zero; m_Width = 0; m_Height = 0; m_Stride = 0; m_Pointer = null; if (Suppress == true) GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } } #endregion #region PrivateMethod private void AllocateBitmap(int Width, int Height) { if (Width <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Width", Width, "Width must be >=0"); if (Height <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Height", Height, "Height must be >=0"); BITMAPINFO BmpInfo = new BITMAPINFO(); BmpInfo.Header.Size = (uint)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER); BmpInfo.Header.Width = Width; BmpInfo.Header.Height = -Height; // 為了和GDI對象的坐標系統(起點坐標在左上角),建立一個倒序的DIB BmpInfo.Header.BitCount = (ushort)8; ; BmpInfo.Header.Planes = 1; BmpInfo.Header.Compression = BI_RGB; // 創建DIBSection必須用不壓縮的格式 BmpInfo.Header.XPelsPerMeter = 0; // CreateDIBSection does not use the BITMAPINFOHEADER parameters biXPelsPerMeter or biYPelsPerMeter and will not provide resolution information in the BITMAPINFO structure. BmpInfo.Header.YPelsPerMeter = 0; BmpInfo.Header.ClrUsed = 0; BmpInfo.Header.SizeImage = 0; BmpInfo.Header.ClrImportant = 0; BmpInfo.Header.SizeImage = 0; BmpInfo.Palette = new RGBQUAD[256]; for (int X = 0; X <256 ; X++) // for (byte X=0;X<=255;X++) 用這個代碼試試,呵呵 { BmpInfo.Palette[X].Red = (byte)X; BmpInfo.Palette[X].Green = (byte)X; BmpInfo.Palette[X].Blue = (byte)X; BmpInfo.Palette[X].Reserved = 255; } IntPtr ScreecDC = GetDC(IntPtr.Zero); m_Hdc = CreateCompatibleDC(ScreecDC); ReleaseDC(IntPtr.Zero, ScreecDC); m_Handle = CreateDIBSection(Hdc, ref BmpInfo, DIB_RGB_COLORS, out m_Pointer, IntPtr.Zero, 0); if (m_Handle == IntPtr.Zero) { DeleteDC(m_Hdc); m_Hdc = IntPtr.Zero; throw new OutOfMemoryException("CreateDIBSection function failed,this may be caused by user input too large size of image."); } else { SelectObject(m_Hdc, m_Handle); SetDIBColorTable(m_Hdc, 0, 256, BmpInfo.Palette); m_Width = Width; m_Height = Height; m_Stride = (int)((m_Width + 3) & 0XFFFFFFFC); m_Graphics = Graphics.FromHdc(m_Hdc); m_Bitmap = new Bitmap(m_Width, m_Height, m_Stride, PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed, (IntPtr)m_Pointer); ColorPalette Pal = m_Bitmap.Palette; for (int X = 0; X < 256; X++) Pal.Entries[X] = Color.FromArgb(255, X, X, X); // 設置灰度圖像的調色板 m_Bitmap.Palette = Pal; } } private bool IsGrayBitmap(Bitmap Bmp) { bool IsGray; if (Bmp.PixelFormat == PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed) { IsGray = true; if (Bmp.Palette.Entries.Length != 256) IsGray = false; else { for (int X = 0; X < Bmp.Palette.Entries.Length; X++) { if (Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].R != Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].G || Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].R != Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].B || Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].B != Bmp.Palette.Entries[X].G) { IsGray = false; break; } } } } else { IsGray = false; } return IsGray; } #endregion }
正如上面所述,我們用GDI的方式(CreateDIBSection)創建灰度圖像,然后從HDC中創建Graphics,從而可以順利的調用Graphics的任何繪制函數了。
比如填充橢圓:
SolidBrush SB = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255, 255)); Bmp.Graphics.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; Bmp.Graphics.FillEllipse(SB, new Rectangle(100, 100, 200, 300)); SB.Dispose(); Canvas.Invalidate();

心細的朋友可以在測試中會發現,通過這種方式繪制的顏色可能和指定的顏色有所不同,比如上面我們要求繪制白色的橢圓,但是實際繪制的顏色是RGB(252,252,252)的,但是並不是所有的顏色都有誤差,引起這個的原因估計還是GDI+的內部的一些機制上的問題吧。
工程完整代碼:http://files.cnblogs.com/Imageshop/GrayModeBitmap.rar
希望朋友們喜歡我的文章。
***************************作者: laviewpbt 時間: 2013.7.13 聯系QQ: 33184777 轉載請保留本行信息*************************
